🔍 Key Findings
- Arthroscopically assisted stabilization with an IAD was feasible in cadaveric canine shoulders using both bone anchor and suture-toggle techniques.
- Suture-toggle repair was successfully performed in all specimens, while bone anchors could not be deployed in 3/10 shoulders, indicating lower feasibility.
- Median surgical time was shorter for the suture-toggle group (25.5 min) compared to the anchor group (37.3 min).
- Postoperative abduction angles returned to baseline in the anchor group, while the suture-toggle group had slightly reduced angles, suggesting possible overtightening.
- Violation of the articular surface occurred in 2 anchor specimens and 1 suture-toggle specimen, but none were considered likely to be clinically significant.
- Overall targeting accuracy using the IAD was 88%, supporting its utility in guiding tunnel/anchor placement.
- CT measurements showed acceptable bone stock and insertion angles, but anchor insertion angles were lower than optimal for mechanical pullout strength.
- Suture-toggle technique was considered simpler and more consistent, with fewer complications and faster execution than anchor placement.
