In Griffin 2025 et al., on sentinel lymph mapping, which lymph nodes were most commonly identified as sentinel?
A. Caudal superficial cervical and axillary
B. Cranial mediastinal and mandibular
C. Medial retropharyngeal, cranial deep cervical, superficial cervical
D. Prescapular and popliteal
E. Submandibular and iliac
Answer: Medial retropharyngeal, cranial deep cervical, superficial cervical
Explanation: These three lymphocenters were repeatedly identified via pre- and intra-operative SLN techniques.
In Griffin 2025 et al., on sentinel lymph mapping, what was the SLN identification success rate across all dogs?
A. 83%
B. 100%
C. 67%
D. 50%
E. 92%
Answer: 100%
Explanation: All six dogs had at least one sentinel lymph node identified using combined mapping techniques.
In Griffin 2025 et al., on sentinel lymph mapping, what protocol change improved SLN visualization intraoperatively?
A. Use of larger dye volumes
B. Post-ligation ICG injection
C. Increased MB concentration
D. Post-exposure injection with smaller volume
E. CT-guided injection with biopsy
Answer: Post-exposure injection with smaller volume
Explanation: Injecting a lower volume after cervical exposure helped prevent dye dispersion and improved SLN detection.
In Griffin 2025 et al., on sentinel lymph mapping, which method provided surgical planning advantages before dissection?
A. Intraoperative NIR with ICG
B. Methylene blue dye alone
C. Preoperative indirect CT-lymphography (CTL)
D. Ultrasound-guided FNAs
E. Nodal palpation
Answer: Preoperative indirect CT-lymphography (CTL)
Explanation: CTL allowed for non-invasive identification of SLNs and their location relative to vital structures.
In Griffin 2025 et al., on sentinel lymph mapping, how many dogs had histologically confirmed lymph node metastasis?
A. 4 of 6
B. 1 of 6
C. 2 of 6
D. 5 of 6
E. None
Answer: 2 of 6
Explanation: Two dogs had metastatic carcinoma in sentinel nodes confirmed by histopathology.
