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Grimes et al: Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: Incidence and risk factors for rupture
Veterinary Surgery 4, 2022

🔍 Key Findings

  • Rupture occurred in 7.0% of dogs undergoing surgical PDA ligation (20/285).
  • Overall mortality was low (0.4%), with only one death occurring post-rupture.
  • Residual flow occurred in 9.4% of dogs; significantly more common in dogs with rupture.
  • Residual flow odds were not increased when ligation was successfully performed despite rupture.
  • No significant associations between rupture and age, weight, suture size, or dissection technique.
  • Jackson-Henderson and intrapericardial techniques were helpful in managing rupture or fibrosis.
  • Major complications (non-rupture) were rare (1.4%), including pulmonary artery ligation and cardiac arrest.
  • Surgeon preparedness (e.g., hemostatic tools, alternate techniques) was key to successful outcomes.

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← Articles

Grimes et al: Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: Incidence and risk factors for rupture
Veterinary Surgery 4, 2022

🔍 Key Findings

  • Rupture occurred in 7.0% of dogs undergoing surgical PDA ligation (20/285).
  • Overall mortality was low (0.4%), with only one death occurring post-rupture.
  • Residual flow occurred in 9.4% of dogs; significantly more common in dogs with rupture.
  • Residual flow odds were not increased when ligation was successfully performed despite rupture.
  • No significant associations between rupture and age, weight, suture size, or dissection technique.
  • Jackson-Henderson and intrapericardial techniques were helpful in managing rupture or fibrosis.
  • Major complications (non-rupture) were rare (1.4%), including pulmonary artery ligation and cardiac arrest.
  • Surgeon preparedness (e.g., hemostatic tools, alternate techniques) was key to successful outcomes.

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Grimes 2022 et al., on PDA rupture risks, what best describes the utility of the Jackson-Henderson technique?

A. Preferred first-line approach for all PDAs
B. Shown to reduce residual flow significantly
C. Used to avoid dissecting medial to PDA in rupture cases
D. Associated with increased mortality in large dogs
E. Only effective in dogs <3kg

Answer: Used to avoid dissecting medial to PDA in rupture cases

Explanation: Jackson-Henderson eliminates medial dissection, which is beneficial after rupture.
In Grimes 2022 et al., on PDA rupture risks, which factor was **not** found to be significantly associated with rupture risk?

A. Age
B. Weight
C. Suture size
D. Dissection technique
E. All of the above

Answer: All of the above

Explanation: The study found no statistical association between rupture and any of these variables.
In Grimes 2022 et al., on PDA rupture risks, what was the overall incidence of PDA rupture during surgical ligation in dogs?

A. 1.4%
B. 4.2%
C. 7.0%
D. 9.4%
E. 15.6%

Answer: 7.0%

Explanation: The study reported rupture in 20 of 285 dogs, corresponding to a 7.0% incidence.
In Grimes 2022 et al., on PDA rupture risks, what factor was significantly associated with increased residual flow after PDA ligation?

A. Use of Jackson-Henderson technique
B. Suture size ≥ 0
C. Residual flow after rupture without ligation
D. Use of PDS suture
E. Intrapericardial approach

Answer: Residual flow after rupture without ligation

Explanation: Residual flow was significantly more likely when rupture occurred and ligation was not achieved.
In Grimes 2022 et al., on PDA rupture risks, what was the overall mortality rate following surgical PDA ligation?

A. 0.0%
B. 0.4%
C. 1.4%
D. 3.6%
E. 6.2%

Answer: 0.4%

Explanation: Only one dog died postoperatively, yielding a 0.4% mortality rate.

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