Your Custom Quiz
In Mullen 2024 et al., on NIRF for GDV, how did near-infrared imaging alter the surgical plan in affected dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- NIRF altered surgical strategy in 3 of 20 GDV dogs, identifying necrosis not appreciated subjectively.
- Fundic fluorescence <10% indicated histologically confirmed gastric necrosis.
- In 1 dog, NIRF revealed nonviability despite the surgeon’s impression of viability.
- Staple line fluorescence resembled viable tissue in the only stapled gastrectomy, suggesting preservation of perfusion.
- GDV dogs (even “viable”) showed lower fluorescence vs. healthy controls, indicating subclinical vascular compromise.
- Histology confirmed full-thickness necrosis in all 4 dogs with NIRF-defined nonviability.
- Pre-op lactate was significantly higher in nonviable GDV dogs (8.55 vs 4.89 mmol/L, p=0.03).
- No complications were reported from ICG use; imaging was safe and repeatable.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Use of real-time near-infrared fluorescence to assess gastric viability in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus: A case-control study
2024-4-VS-mullen-2
In Hoenecke 2025 et al., on radiographic opacity in patella luxation, which variable was found to significantly increase the likelihood of radiographic soft tissue opacity in the stifle?
🔍 Key Findings
- 65% of stifles with patella luxation and intact CCLs had increased radiographic soft tissue opacity
- Weight and radiographic OA were significantly associated with increased opacity (p = .0029 and p = .0143)
- Each 1 kg increase in weight increased the odds of opacity by 10%
- Grade of patella luxation, age, and muscle atrophy were not significantly associated with increased opacity
- 19% of dogs with long-term follow-up developed a CCL rupture post-patella surgery, 50% of those had opacity at initial presentation
- Radiographic opacity alone should not be interpreted as CCL disease in dogs with patella luxation
- Radiographic findings likely represent effusion or synovial hyperplasia, not CCL pathology
- Arthrotomy was used to confirm CCL integrity at surgery, but arthroscopy could provide better sensitivity
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Increased radiographic stifle soft tissue opacity in dogs with patella luxation
2025-7-VS-hoenecke-1
In Sanders 2024 et al., on feline anastomosis techniques, which statement is TRUE regarding initial leak pressures (ILPs)?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- ILP and MIP: No significant differences in leak pressure between HSA, FEESA, and SS techniques (p > .05).
- Construct Time:
- FEESA (no oversew) fastest: 79 ± 30 s
- HSA-SI slowest: 397 ± 70 s (p < .001)
- Tissue Thickness:
- Jejunum thickest: 2.28 ± 0.30 mm
- Stomach thinnest: 1.66 ± 0.28 mm
- Staple Malformation: Noted in 2 FEESA-O constructs, vertical staple line.
- Leak Locations:
- HSA: All leaked from suture bites
- FEESA: Leaks from vertical and horizontal staple lines
- SS: Mostly from staple holes
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Gastrointestinal thickness, duration, and leak pressure of five intestinal anastomosis techniques in cats
2024-2-VS-sanders-3
In Enright 2022 et al., on adrenalectomy outcomes, what was the observed effect of preoperative alpha-blocker therapy on long-term survival?
🔍 Key Findings
- 83% of dogs survived to discharge after adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma.
- Median survival time post-discharge was 1169 days (3.2 years).
- Preoperative alpha-blocker therapy (e.g., phenoxybenzamine) was not associated with improved survival.
- Dogs receiving alpha-blockers had higher intraoperative systolic BP, with median values 170 mmHg vs. 142 mmHg in non-treated dogs (P = .01).
- Intraoperative arrhythmias occurred in 30% of cases, with no difference between dogs receiving alpha-blockers and those not.
- Histologic vascular invasion occurred in ~70% of tumors.
- Tumor recurrence was suspected in 3 dogs, and metastasis in 8 dogs, though not histologically confirmed in most cases.
- Postoperative complications included refractory hypotension, acute kidney injury, and hypertension persisting >48 hours in 10 dogs.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Short‐ and long‐term survival after adrenalectomy in 53 dogs with pheochromocytomas with or without alpha‐blocker therapy
2022-3-VS-enright-2
In Buote 2023 et al., on laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in cats, which complication occurred in 2 cadavers due to stapling too close to the lesser curvature?
🔍 Key Findings
- LVSG was feasible in 9/10 feline cadavers and both live cats, with no intra- or postoperative complications in live cases.
- Two cadavers developed suspected stenosis due to staple lines too close to the lesser curvature; avoided with orogastric tube placement in later cases.
- No evidence of gastric leakage in any cadavers (8/10 tested) or live patients after methylene blue leak tests.
- Mean surgical time was ~110 min cadavers / 115 min live, and 27.6% of stomach mass was resected.
- Both live cats recovered uneventfully, lost 21–24% body weight over 3 months, and had no GI complications at 6-month follow-up.
- Orogastric tube and tension on the greater curvature were critical to avoid staple line misplacement or stenosis.
- No oversew of the staple line was needed, and unreinforced staples showed no leakage in live patients.
- Future studies needed to assess metabolic outcomes and ideal staple sizing and closure techniques.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy in felines: A cadaveric feasibility study and experimental case series in two cats
2023-6-VS-buote2-2
In Berger 2023 et al., on elbow COR estimation, how might external epicondylar landmarks assist in elbow surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- COR of elbows with FMCP was significantly more caudal compared to normal elbows, based on CT-derived geometry.
- In normal elbows, 74% of medial and 93% of lateral axes exited cranial and distal to the epicondyles.
- In FMCP elbows, 81% of medial and 70% of lateral axes exited caudal and distal to the epicondyles.
- Different landmark combinations produced slightly different COR approximations, especially between humeral vs. radius/ulna-based axes.
- The medial-lateral axis using trochlea and capitulum centers provided the most consistent COR approximation.
- COR estimations based on diseased elbows may not match normal joint geometry, impacting implant alignment accuracy.
- External epicondylar landmarks may be useful intraoperatively to estimate COR location, but variability limits precision.
- Drill diameter size may buffer small COR differences, but impact in advanced disease or bilateral cases remains unclear.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
The use of subchondral bone topography to approximate the center of rotation of the elbow joint in dogs
2023-1-VS-berger-5
In Holman 2024 et al., on canine shoulder arthroscopy, which tendon had the smallest proportion visible from the lateral portal?
🔍 Key Findings
- 48% of the intra-articular biceps tendon was visible at a standing angle; this increased to 63% in flexion (p = 0.0003).
- 58% of the medial glenohumeral ligament's cranial border was within view.
- 20% of the subscapularis tendon was visualized via the standard lateral arthroscopic approach.
- Visibility was assessed using tattoo ink markers and confirmed via dissection in cadavers.
- Limitations of standard lateral portals may lead to underdiagnosis of deeper or distal pathology in these structures.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Quantification of the Field of View for Standard Lateral Arthroscopy of the Canine Shoulder
2024-1-VCOT-holman-2
In Poggi 2024 et al., on laparoscopic resection of pancreatic masses in dogs, what percentage of procedures required conversion to open surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Laparoscopic pancreatic mass resection (LPMR) was successfully performed in all 12 dogs, with no conversion to open laparotomy required.
- Median operative time was 69 minutes (range 35–100 min); 11/12 dogs were discharged within 48 hours, and one was discharged after 7 days.
- No major intraoperative complications occurred; minor complications included mild bleeding (2/12) and cannula malfunction (1/12).
- All dogs survived the procedure and were discharged.
- Histopathology confirmed neoplasia in all dogs: 9 insulinomas and 3 pancreatic carcinomas; all tumors were completely excised with clear margins.
- No recurrences were reported; 3 dogs died of unrelated causes, and 9 were still alive at the time of reporting.
- No postoperative hypoglycemia was observed; 1 dog had transient hyperglycemia, and minor complications included vomiting, idiopathic seizures, and pancreatitis, all of which resolved.
- Authors concluded that LPMR is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive alternative to open surgery for selected distal pancreatic masses in dogs.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Laparoscopic resection of pancreatic masses in 12 dogs
2024-5-VS-poggi-1
In Kang 2023 et al., on 3DEP accuracy, what was the average screw angle deviation achieved by both experienced and inexperienced surgeons?
2023-8-VS-kang-1
In Filho 2024 et al., what was the primary cause of limb amputation in the study population?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 39 dogs (mostly post-trauma) with either forelimb or hindlimb amputations (high vs low)
- No significant difference in %BW distribution between high vs low forelimb amputations
- In hindlimb amputees:
- High amputations → more overload on contralateral hindlimb (p = 0.01)
- Low amputations → more even load split, slight preference for contralateral hindlimb and ipsilateral forelimb
- Values derived from pressure-sensitive walkway confirmed with statistical significance
- Useful implications for prosthesis selection and rehabilitation planning
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Gait Analysis of Amputee Dogs Using a Pressure-Sensitive Walkway
2024-4-VCOT-filho-5
Quiz Results
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Key Findings