Your Custom Quiz
In Kennedy 2024 et al., which portal had the highest rate of articular cartilage injury?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 20 shoulders from 11 medium-to-large breed dogs evaluated
- Lateral portals used: middle arthroscopic, caudal instrument, cranial egress
- Musculotendinous lesions unavoidable, but small (18G needle); seen in deltoideus (90%), infraspinatus, teres minor, etc.
- Neurovascular safety:
- Caudal portal was closest to axillary artery/nerve branches (as close as 7 mm)
- Only 2/20 shoulders (10%) had omobrachial vein penetrated
- Cartilage injuries (IACI) occurred in 65%, primarily minor linear defects; use of guarded cannulas and distractors suggested for minimization
- Supports overall safety of lateral shoulder arthroscopy with portal placement awareness
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Evaluation of Canine Shoulder Arthroscopy for Anatomical and Safety Considerations
2024-4-VCOT-kennedy-2
In Parker 2023 et al., on Locoregional analgesia in TPLO, what was the most commonly preferred locoregional anesthesia technique among anesthesiologists for dogs undergoing TPLO?
🔍 Key Findings
- Peripheral nerve block (PNB) was preferred by 79% of anesthesiologists; lumbosacral epidural (LE) by 21%; PI <1%.
- Time since board-certification significantly influenced preference: PNB favored by newer diplomates, LE favored by more senior ones (p < .001).
- Employment sector mattered: PNB was preferred more in private practice, LE more in academia (p = .003).
- PNB perceived as more effective, with 78% reporting 81–100% effectiveness; compared to 55% for LE.
- PNB associated with fewer adverse effects (75%) than LE (4%) and PI (21%).
- PNB required less rescue analgesia intraoperatively (57%) and postoperatively (54%) than LE or PI.
- LE preferred for bilateral TPLOs and in smaller dogs; PNB for larger dogs, due to motor function preservation.
- Dexmedetomidine was the most common additive to PNB; bupivacaine-only was most used for PNB.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2023
Pelvic limb anesthesia and analgesia in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO): A survey of board-certified anesthesiologists
2023-4-VS-parker-1
In Cortez 2024 et al., on feline ectopic ureters, what diagnostic imaging modality was successful in all cases in which it was used?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ectopic ureters in cats are rare, but most are extramural and bilateral.
- Surgical techniques used included ureteroneocystostomy (UNC), neoureterostomy (NU), nephroureterectomy, and cystoscopic laser ablation (CLA).
- All cats showed improvement in urinary continence postoperatively, with 11/12 achieving complete resolution.
- Major complications were rare; one cat developed uroabdomen requiring revision surgery.
- Diagnostic imaging was effective, with abdominal ultrasound diagnosing 8/10 and CT 3/3 cases.
- Short- and long-term complications included urethral spasms, UTIs, stranguria, and rectal prolapse; all were manageable.
- CLA was successful in 2 cats and is noted as a first-time described technique in feline ectopic ureter cases.
- Median postoperative follow-up was 340 days, supporting good long-term outcomes.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of cats undergoing surgical treatment of ectopic ureters
2024-6-VS-cortez-3
In Dickson 2024 et al., on VATS for feline chylothorax, which agents were used to visualize the thoracic duct?
🔍 Key Findings
- Objective: To evaluate outcomes and complications of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for idiopathic chylothorax in 15 cats.
- All 15 cats underwent thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation (TDL); 13 also had simultaneous pericardectomy, 2 had VATS TDL + laparoscopic cisterna chyli ablation (CCA), and 1 cat had an open CCA.
- Median surgical time was 152.5 minutes (range 60–255).
- Contrast was used intraoperatively in 13 cats; 11 received methylene blue, and 2 received indocyanine green (ICG).
- One intraoperative complication (6%) occurred — a minor intercostal artery laceration. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 3 cases (20%) due to visualization issues or bleeding.
- Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cats (53%), with persistent pleural effusion in 5 cats (33%) being the most common.
- Mortality was high: 4 cats (27%) died or were euthanized before discharge. Only 7 of 11 cats discharged had resolution of effusion, and recurrence occurred in 1.
- Authors concluded that while VATS is technically feasible in cats, it did not improve clinical outcomes compared to open surgery, and feline idiopathic chylothorax continues to have a high mortality rate.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Outcome of video-assisted thoracoscopic treatment of idiopathic chylothorax in 15 cats
2024-5-VS-dickson-4
In Petchell 2025 et al., on CORA-based CCWO, which parameter was defined preoperatively to enable CORA-based planning?
🔍 Key Findings
- The CORA-based cranial closing wedge ostectomy (CCWOCORA) consistently achieved the target postoperative TPA of 5° across all tibial morphologies.
- CCWOCORA produced significantly less variability in postoperative TPA compared to other methods (TPA range: 5.00–5.00°; p < .001).
- Mechanical axis advancement (MAA) was precisely controlled at 3° in CCWOCORA, leading to greater surgical predictability.
- Other techniques (e.g., CCWOTPA, CCWOTPA–5, CCWOISO) showed greater variance in TPA, MAA, and tibial length.
- In small-breed dogs, increasing the MAA from 3° to 5° did not affect TPA outcomes, but increased proximal bone stock, improving feasibility.
- Wedge angles and tibial length changes varied by method, but CCWOCORA maintained length better than TPA-based methods.
- The technique allows preoperative planning of both desired MAA and TPA, enhancing predictability and customization.
- CORA methodology enables precise geometric correction and alignment of mechanical axes, reducing reliance on trial-and-error alignment.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
An in silico comparison of a novel CORA-based cranial closing wedge ostectomy methodology with three other techniques
2025-7-VS-petchell-2
In Chan 2025 et al., on partial cuneiformectomy in BOAS dogs, which preoperative factor was significantly associated with higher odds of complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- Partial cuneiformectomy (PC) did not increase complication rates compared to multilevel surgery alone (overall complications: PC = 16.3%, non-PC = 19.4%; p = .758).
- Major complication rates were not significantly different (PC = 11.6%, non-PC = 7.4%; p = .482).
- Significant improvement in BOAS grade was observed in dogs undergoing PC (p < .0001).
- BOAS index improved significantly in both groups, with greater median reduction in the PC group (28.5%) than non-PC (20.7%) (p < .0001).
- Low body condition score (BCS <4) was significantly associated with higher complication rates (odds ratio = 0.452; p = .004).
- Hospitalization duration did not differ between groups (median = 1 day; p = .743).
- Mortality was low (3.5%) in the PC group despite more severe airway disease, suggesting the technique is safe even in advanced collapse.
- The technique widened the rima glottidis without damaging surrounding structures, reducing airflow resistance and preserving laryngeal function.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Complication rate and outcomes of laryngeal cuneiformectomy in dogs with advanced laryngeal collapse
2025-6-VS-chan-3
In Marshall 2022 et al., what **effect did bone grafting** have on delayed or non-union outcomes?
🔍 Key Findings
- Delayed union occurred in 13.9% of fractures; non-union in 4.6%; mal-union in 0.7%
- Major implant failure increased odds of delayed or non-union by 12.9×
- Surgical site infection increased risk 3.2×; bone grafting (any type) was also associated (OR 3.3)
- Comminuted fractures had 4.2× greater odds of delayed or non-union
- Older age increased risk, with odds increasing by 21% per year
- Radius and ulna fractures in toy breeds were not high risk, contrary to historical belief
- Most non-unions required revision surgery with rhBMP-2 or autograft to achieve union
- Ilium fractures showed 0% delayed/non-union — possibly due to robust muscle envelope
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Delayed union, non-union and mal-union in 442 dogs
2022-7-VS-marshall-4
In Adrian 2024 et al., on feline pelvic fracture stabilization, what was the most common grade of pelvic canal narrowing at follow-up?
🔍 Key Findings
- 20 cats with pelvic fractures treated with SOP plates and cortical screws
- Full function reported in all patients per FMPI follow-up
- Screw loosening in 3/20 SOP cases; implant removal in 3 cats
- Median sacral index decrease at follow-up: 5.7%; mostly mild narrowing
- Complications: 5 major (3 SOP removals, 2 trochanter osteotomy issues); 20 minor
- SOP plate shown feasible even in challenging configurations; good functional outcomes
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Use of Locking Plates Fixed with Cortical Screws for Pelvic Fracture Repair in 20 Cats
2024-1-VCOT-adrian-5
In Whitney 2022 et al., on CBLO fixation strength, regarding biomechanical testing of CBLO constructs, what was the main mode of failure in constructs using only a plate and pin?
🔍 Key Findings
- CBLO fixation with both a headless compression screw (HCS) and tension band (TB) showed the highest yield and ultimate loads compared to other configurations
- HCSTB constructs had significantly higher yield load (1212 N) and ultimate load (1388 N) than Plate alone (788 N, 774 N), HCS alone (907 N, 927 N), or TB alone (1016 N, 1076 N)
- No difference in construct stiffness was detected among the four fixation methods tested
- All constructs ultimately failed by bone fracture—location of failure differed by construct type (e.g., through HCS hole or cranial screw hole)
- TB and HCSTB groups showed failure via progressive TB stretching and cranial osteotomy widening, while Plate and HCS failed more abruptly
- All constructs withstood forces exceeding expected quadriceps load in vivo (170–325 N), suggesting all methods can resist physiological loading, but HCSTB provides greater safety margin
- HCS alone was not significantly stronger than Plate or TB alone, questioning its standalone superiority
- Study supports using TB and HCS together for optimal construct strength, but clinical studies are needed to validate implant fatigue, healing, and failure rates
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Ex vivo biomechanical comparison of four Center of Rotation Angulation Based Leveling Osteotomy fixation methods
2022-1-VS-whitney-2
In Janas 2024 et al., on ARC outcomes in cats, what percentage of cats experienced perioperative complications?
🔍 Key Findings:
- Study design: Retrospective, 20 cats with congenital EHPSS treated with ameroid ring constrictor (ARC).
- Perioperative complication rate: 25% (5/20), including seizures, blindness, ascites, and one death.
- Short-term outcomes (18 cats):
- Excellent: 14
- Good: 2
- Poor: 2
- Long-term outcomes (18 cats):
- Excellent: 15
- Good: 1
- Poor: 2
- Persistent seizures: Noted in some cats despite normal bile acids and CBC/chemistry.
- Preoperative blindness resolved in most cats.
- Mean follow-up duration: Median 8 years.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Clinical outcomes for 20 cats with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts treated with ameroid constrictor ring attenuation (2002–2020)
2024-2-VS-janas-1
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings