Your Custom Quiz
In Morgera 2022 et al., on stifle surgery draping methods, which draping technique was found to significantly reduce infection-inflammation?
🔍 Key Findings
- No significant difference in infection-inflammation rates between single-layer Kraton drapes and traditional double-layer draping at both 21 days and 6 months postop.
- Infection-inflammation occurred in 4.56% (36/789) of cases; equally distributed across draping techniques.
- Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) was the most common procedure (61%).
- Kraton drape features an elastic fenestration that seals without adhesives or towel clamps, offering ecological and workflow advantages.
- Mean anesthesia duration was similar between groups (~73.8 min), suggesting draping method did not impact overall surgical time.
- Culture confirmation of infection was low (14 dogs), showing reliance on clinical criteria for diagnosis.
- Potential benefits of single-layer draping include reduced waste, no need for towel clamps, and ease of use without increased risk.
- Limitations included subjective follow-up (nearly 30% indirect via phone/images) and antimicrobial usage in all cases.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Surgical site infection‐inflammation in dogs draped with a single‐layer Kraton elastic seal extremity drape for stifle surgery
2022-3-VS-morgera-2
In Kimura 2025 et al., on mini-THA in <4 kg dogs, what statistically significant change was observed in HCPI scores from baseline to 1 year?
🔍 Key Findings
- Zurich mini-cementless THA was successful in 9/10 hips in dogs <4 kg, with no lameness at 52 weeks in completed cases.
- Helsinki Chronic Pain Index significantly improved from a mean of 19.8 to 2.3 at 52 weeks (p = 0.0141).
- Fluoroscopy improved implant positioning, especially in LCPD and HD cases, aiding in accurate reaming and alignment.
- Intraoperative complications occurred in 2/10 cases, including acetabular fractures; one case required discontinuation.
- Prophylactic bicortical screws and reinforcement plates were used in cases with rotational instability or cortical compromise and were effective in preventing loosening/fractures.
- Medial patellar luxation improved postoperatively in one dog, though recurrence was noted later without surgical correction.
- No stem or implant loosening or fracture occurred over a mean follow-up of 24.4 months.
- CT is recommended in preoperative planning, particularly in luxoid hip dysplasia cases with uncertain bone stock.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Long‐term outcomes of 10 dogs weighing less than 4 kg after Zurich mini‐cementless total hip arthroplasty
2025-6-VS-kimura-2
In Marturello 2023 et al., on 3D-printed humeral models, which desktop printer and region combination yielded **the most accurate measurement**?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed models using desktop printers (FDM, LFS) showed submillimetric accuracy, comparable to or better than industrial-grade PJP printers.
- Bone size had a greater effect on print accuracy than printer type, especially in proximal humerus regions.
- The humeral condyle region showed the greatest model accuracy, with mean differences under 0.5 mm, regardless of printer.
- Models tended to be slightly smaller than cadaveric bones, potentially due to systematic underestimation during printing.
- FDM printer provided the highest accuracy at the humeral condyle in medium-sized bones (+0.09 mm).
- LFS printer produced prints faster and more reliably than FDM, although both had comparable dimensional accuracy.
- Statistically significant differences existed, but all were submillimetric and unlikely to impact surgical outcomes.
- Desktop printers are suitable for surgical planning, including plate pre-contouring and patient-specific instrumentation.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Accuracy of anatomic 3‐dimensionally printed canine humeral models
2023-1-VS-marturello-4
In De Moya 2023 et al., on femoral physeal/neck fracture repair, which surgical advantage is most associated with FGPP over ORIF?
🔍 Key Findings
- FGPP (fluoroscopic-guided percutaneous pinning) resulted in successful healing in 10/13 fractures, with good limb function.
- Complications occurred in 5 of 11 cases, including intra-articular implants, malunion, implant failure/nonunion, and implant migration.
- Cases with delayed surgery (>15 days) or radiographic remodeling were more likely to experience major complications.
- Most fractures (10/13) were classified as Salter-Harris type I with mild displacement.
- Median surgical time was 60 minutes, and no conversions to open surgery were needed.
- Postoperative femoral neck resorption was minimal, suggesting possible benefits of the minimally invasive approach for preserving vascular supply.
- One intra-articular pin led to progressive joint disease and required femoral head ostectomy.
- FGPP appears best suited for acute, minimally displaced fractures in young dogs (<8 months) with planned elective explant to avoid growth disturbance.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Closed reduction and fluoroscopic‐guided percutaneous pinning of femoral capital physeal or neck fractures: Thirteen fractures in 11 dogs
2023-6-VS-demoya-4
In Isono 2025 et al., on tibial malalignment in MPL, which statistical trend was observed in toy poodles with grade 3 MPL?
🔍 Key Findings
- Proximal Tibia Metatarsal Angle (PTMTA) was significantly increased in dogs with grade 3 and 4 MPL, making it a useful marker for severity.
- PTMTA strongly correlated with Tibial Torsion Angle (TTA) (r = 0.733) and Crural Rotation Angle (CRA) (r = 0.643), integrating multiple morphological deformities.
- Grade 4 MPL cases showed significant internal tibial torsion, increased mMPTA, and decreased MDTT/PTW—indicating both rotation and medial displacement.
- DTMTA was significantly more negative in grade 4, indicating a consistent pattern of internal foot rotation with disease severity.
- PTMTA can be visually assessed during palpation, offering preoperative utility without CT.
- Among toy poodles, PTMTA showed significant differences even between grades 3 and normal, suggesting breed-specific severity patterns.
- Corrective osteotomy may need to address tibial as well as femoral deformities in severe MPL cases with high PTMTA.
- Younger dogs with grade 4 MPL had more severe deformities, possibly due to early onset or developmental progression.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
4
2025
Tibial Torsion Malalignment in Small Dogs with Medial Patellar Luxation
2025-4-VCOT-isono-4
In Perez Neto 2025 et al., on hip resurfacing arthroplasty, what was the most common site of failure in both groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- In an ex vivo study of 20 canine femur pairs, implantation of a novel hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) prosthesis reduced maximum load (ML) by 22% and load at collapse (LC) by 27% vs. intact controls (p ≤ 0.05).
- Displacement at maximum load (DML), displacement at collapse (DC), and stiffness (k) were not significantly different between prosthesis and control groups.
- Both groups showed similar failure patterns, with 92% failing at the femoral neck.
- All prosthetic femurs still withstood ~6.2× body weight — exceeding estimated in vivo peak loads (~1.64× BW).
- Prosthesis positioning (neutral vs valgus) had no significant effect on biomechanical outcomes.
- Implant design preserved more metaphyseal bone stock than total hip replacement, possibly explaining the smaller load reduction compared to other short-stem prostheses.
- The press-fit cobalt–chromium design with conical stem allowed full contact and stress distribution over the femoral head/neck.
- Authors conclude the device has adequate immediate biomechanical strength for clinical use, though long-term in vivo studies are needed.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
4
2025
Biomechanical Evaluation of a Femoral Implant for Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty in Dogs: An Ex Vivo Study
2025-4-VCOT-perezneto-3
In Miller 2025 et al., on spinal drill guide accuracy, what was the reported mean deviation between planned and actual screw entry/exit points?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed, SOP plate-specific guides enabled safe screw placement from T12–L5 in canine cadavers and models.
- All 140 screw trajectories were classified as Zdichavski Grade 1, indicating optimal placement without vertebral canal breach.
- Screw angles (cranial-caudal and transverse) matched preoperative planning, with no significant deviation.
- Entry/exit point deviations were <1 mm on average, deemed clinically negligible.
- Drill guides were quick to place (<30 sec per vertebra) and improved ease of surgery.
- Plates acted as effective reduction tools, guiding alignment during screw placement in mobile spines.
- Minor technical challenges arose from cadaveric spine mobility, mitigated by sequential screw insertion.
- Technique may enable future use in fracture/luxation reduction, pending further cadaveric and clinical trials.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Development and testing of an animal-specific and string-of-pearls (SOP) plate specific, three-dimensionally (3D) printed drilling guide: A proof of concept study for canine thoracolumbar spinal stabilization
2025-6-VS-miller-1
In Israel 2022 et al., on cerclage wire in THR, which of the following statements about cerclage wire outcomes is CORRECT?
🔍 Key Findings
- No proximal femoral fractures occurred in any of the 184 hips with cerclage wire placement
- Cerclage wire was well tolerated, with no failures or complications related to the wire
- Application of a single cerclage wire took <10 minutes, was cost-effective, and required minimal instrumentation
- 3 postoperative complications (1 fissure, 2 fractures) occurred distal to the cerclage site, near the stem tip, requiring plate/screw fixation
- All dogs returned to normal activity, and all owners were satisfied with the outcome
- Cerclage placement location is critical—must be proximal to the lesser trochanter and close to the calcar to resist hoop strain
- Biomechanical evidence supports that cerclage wires improve resistance to hoop strain and subsidence of cementless stems
- Press-fit cementless stems may settle, but when supported by cerclage, this does not result in fractures even in undersized implants
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Outcome of canine cementless collared stem total hip replacement with proximal femoral periprosthetic cerclage application: 184 consecutive cases
2022-2-VS-israel-3
In Glenn 2024 et al., on client-based SSI surveillance, what percentage of SSIs required revision surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Algorithm 3 had the highest overall accuracy (95.5%) in diagnosing SSIs from client questionnaires.
- Active surveillance identified 19.4% more SSIs compared to passive surveillance alone.
- SSI rate was 8.22% across 754 surgeries; 33.9% of SSIs required revision surgery.
- Client-based responses were 37.9% more frequent than those from referring veterinarians.
- Deep/implant SSIs could be missed if not associated with visible wound healing problems.
- Two late SSIs (after 90 days) occurred, both linked to implant surgeries.
- Algorithm 1 was the most sensitive (87.1%) but less specific; useful for screening.
- Algorithm 2 had the highest specificity (97.9%); useful as a “rule-in” diagnostic method.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Evaluation of a client questionnaire at diagnosing surgical site infections in an active surveillance system
2024-8-VS-glenn-4
In Barrett 2023 et al., on complication grading systems, what was the **main limitation** in applying the aCD system to veterinary cases?
🔍 Key Findings
- Cook system had good reliability across all cases (ICC = 0.848), even when complications, sequelae, and failure-to-cure were included.
- aCD system had excellent reliability when excluding sequelae/failure-to-cure cases (ICC = 0.975) but only moderate reliability when including them (ICC = 0.620).
- Majority of complications (60–63%) were graded as Grade 3 in the aCD system, corresponding to surgical or anesthetic intervention.
- Cook system classified most cases (78–81%) as major complications.
- Assessors had difficulty distinguishing sequelae from Grade 1 complications, and failure-to-cure from Grades 1–2, reducing aCD reliability.
- The aCD system offers more resolution (5 grades vs. 3) and less subjectivity through objective definitions.
- Novel terminology (e.g., sequelae, failure to cure) in the aCD system may hinder its uptake without proper training.
- Reclassifying expected events (e.g., swelling, bruising) as sequelae could significantly reduce reported complication rates in other studies.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Comparison of two postoperative complication grading systems after treatment of stifle and shoulder instability in 68 dogs
2023-1-VS-barrett-2
Quiz Results
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Key Findings