Your Custom Quiz
In Hawker 2025 et al., on locking head inserts, why might LHI fail to reduce strain in LCP Combi-holes?
🔍 Key Findings
- Adding Locking Head Inserts (LHI) to a 3.5-mm LCP had no effect on plate strain, stiffness, or deformation in an open fracture gap model.
- Peak strain consistently occurred at the Combi-hole over the fracture gap, with values up to ~1837 µε.
- No significant difference in strain was found across configurations with 0, 3, or 9 LHI (p = 0.847).
- Construct stiffness and compressive displacement also remained unchanged regardless of LHI count (p = 0.311 and 0.069 respectively).
- Study contradicted the hypothesis that LHI would reduce strain and increase stiffness under biologic loading.
- Combi-hole design may limit the efficacy of LHI, as LHI only fill the locking portion, not the compression side where strain peaks.
- Implant fatigue risk remains highest over unfilled screw holes, especially over fracture sites—confirming previous failure patterns.
- Surgeons should consider alternative methods to reduce strain when facing high implant load scenarios.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
4
2025
The Effect of Locking Head Inserts on the Biomechanical Properties of a 3.5-mm Broad Locking Compression Plate When Used in an Open Fracture-Gap Model
2025-4-VCOT-hawker-4
In Cortez 2024 et al., on feline ectopic ureters, what diagnostic imaging modality was successful in all cases in which it was used?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ectopic ureters in cats are rare, but most are extramural and bilateral.
- Surgical techniques used included ureteroneocystostomy (UNC), neoureterostomy (NU), nephroureterectomy, and cystoscopic laser ablation (CLA).
- All cats showed improvement in urinary continence postoperatively, with 11/12 achieving complete resolution.
- Major complications were rare; one cat developed uroabdomen requiring revision surgery.
- Diagnostic imaging was effective, with abdominal ultrasound diagnosing 8/10 and CT 3/3 cases.
- Short- and long-term complications included urethral spasms, UTIs, stranguria, and rectal prolapse; all were manageable.
- CLA was successful in 2 cats and is noted as a first-time described technique in feline ectopic ureter cases.
- Median postoperative follow-up was 340 days, supporting good long-term outcomes.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of cats undergoing surgical treatment of ectopic ureters
2024-6-VS-cortez-3
In Almeida 2025 et al., on TPLO and partial CCL rupture, what effect did CCL remnant transection have on postoperative patellar ligament thickness?
🔍 Key Findings
- Transecting the CCL remnant during TPLO did not reduce patellar ligament thickening (PLT) at any measured point (proximal, mid, distal).
- Transection also failed to reduce postoperative patellar ligament shortening (PLL) at 6 weeks.
- Both groups (transected vs non-transected) showed significant thickening and shortening, with greatest PLT increase at the midpoint.
- Increased PLT was positively correlated with tibial plateau rotation (p = 0.02) and postoperative TPA (p = 0.04).
- No correlation between TT-O (tibial tuberosity width index) and PLT, suggesting narrow osteotomies did not influence PLT in this population.
- Partial CCL rupture was not significantly protective; dogs with partial tears still developed ligament thickening.
- Post-TPLO mid-patellar ligament thickening may relate to Gelpi retractor placement and osteotomy mechanics rather than CCL status.
- Authors do not recommend CCL transection during TPLO to prevent desmitis, citing possible increased instability and degeneration.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
4
2025
Effect of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Transection during TPLO on Patellar Desmitis in Dogs with Partial Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture
2025-4-VCOT-almeida-1
In Deprey 2022 et al., on gap fracture implants, which of the following best explains the improved biomechanical performance of the NAS-ILN?
🔍 Key Findings
- NAS-ILN had significantly greater stiffness in both axial compression and 4-point bending compared to LCP constructs.
- Ultimate load to failure was significantly higher for NAS-ILN in compression (804 N vs 328 N) and bending (25.7 Nm vs 16.3 Nm).
- Torsional stiffness and angular deformation were similar, but NAS-ILN resisted higher torque to failure than LCP (22.5 Nm vs 19.1 Nm).
- No slack was observed with the NAS-ILN construct, unlike older nail designs.
- Failure modes differed: LCPs failed via plate bending; NAS-ILNs failed at the implant or bone near screw holes.
- Titanium alloy and curved design of NAS-ILN provides better anatomic fit and more uniform stress distribution.
- A third, perpendicular locking hole in NAS-ILN may enhance torsional stability but was not utilized in this study.
- The curved, angle-stable design of NAS-ILN is a novel advancement in veterinary orthopedics.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Mechanical evaluation of a novel angle‐stable interlocking nail in a gap fracture model
2022-8-VS-deprey-5
In Marti 2024 et al., on surgical outcomes in feline sialoceles, what was the reported recurrence rate after surgical treatment?
🔍 Key Findings
- Mandibular and sublingual glands were the most commonly involved salivary glands in feline sialoceles.
- Left-sided lesions were more prevalent (71%) among affected cats.
- Ranulae were present in over half (57%) of cases, highlighting the importance of thorough oral exams.
- Surgical approaches included lateral, ventral, intraoral, or combinations thereof, with no recurrences reported.
- Marsupialization alone (without gland removal) resolved clinical signs in 4/21 cats, with no short-term recurrence noted.
- Complications occurred in 5/21 cats (24%), including incisional swelling and one case of feline oral pain syndrome.
- One cat experienced iatrogenic injury from misidentification of the mandibular lymph node as the gland.
- Median follow-up time beyond 30 days was 822 days (range: 90–1205), with no long-term recurrences or contralateral lesions observed.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Outcomes of surgically treated sialoceles in 21 cats: A multi‐institutional retrospective study (2010–2021)
2024-7-VS-marti-2
In Carrera 2024 et al., what was the only complication reported in the 5-patient case series?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 5 juvenile dogs (mean age 7.2 months) with grade III–IV MPL were treated surgically.
- Most had femoral varus + external tibial torsion; some had shallow trochlear grooves.
- Distal femoral osteotomy was performed in 4/5 dogs; Tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) in 3/5; Sulcoplasty in 2/5.
- Mean time to weight bearing: 9.8 ± 5.5 days; healing: 55 ± 24 days
- No reluxations, and final radiographic values for aLDFA and torsion were maintained at 1 year.
- One complication due to domestic trauma, not surgical failure.
- Early surgery appeared to preserve alignment and prevent deformity progression.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Early Surgical Management of Medial Patellar Luxation in Juvenile Dogs
2024-2-VCOT-carrera-5
In Kokkinos 2025 et al., on THR age effects, which variable remained significantly associated with complications on multivariable analysis?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study population: 116 dogs underwent cementless THR; grouped by age:
- Group A: ≤6 months (n = 27)
- Group B: >6 to ≤12 months (n = 41)
- Group C: >12 months (n = 48)
- Overall perioperative complication rate: 31.9% (37/116)
- Group A: 22.2%
- Group B: 26.8%
- Group C: 41.7%
- No significant difference in total complication rate by age (p = .207), though older dogs (Group C) had numerically higher rates.
- Luxation was significantly more common in dogs >12 months:
- Group C: 14.6% vs. Group A (0%) and Group B (2.4%) → p = .049
- Most common complications: luxation (9.5%) and intraoperative fissure or fracture (9.5%)
- Time under anesthesia and surgery duration were not associated with complication risk (p = .297 and p = .781)
- No infections or aseptic loosening observed during the 8-week follow-up.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2025
The influence of age at total hip replacement on perioperative complications in dogs
2025-3-VS-kokkinos-3
In Sherman 2023 et al., on minimally invasive ESF, what was the effect of intraoperative imaging on alignment?
🔍 Key Findings
- 55 cases (49 dogs, 6 cats) with nonarticular tibial fractures were treated using linear ESF with a minimally invasive approach
- All fractures achieved radiographic union; no unacceptable outcomes were reported
- 40% complication rate, mostly minor (82%), primarily pin-tract morbidity; major complications (7%) included osteomyelitis and refracture
- Open fractures had significantly more major complications than closed ones (P = .019)
- Use of intraoperative imaging (72% cases) reduced surgery time but did not improve alignment (P > .05)
- Median surgery time: 74 min with imaging vs. 100 min without (P = .046)
- TPA was lower than normal in both dogs and cats, but did not correlate with poor outcomes
- 62% had full clinical recovery, and 38% had acceptable outcomes at fixator removal
Veterinary Surgery
2
2023
Linear external skeletal fixation applied in minimally invasive fashion for stabilization of nonarticular tibial fractures in dogs and cats
2023-2-VS-sherman-2
In Danielski 2025 et al., on PUO complication reduction, what was the **most common major complication** observed?
🔍 Key Findings
- Combined intramedullary (IM) pin and rhBMP-2 use resulted in a low complication rate (7.4%) after proximal ulnar osteotomy (PUO).
- Major complications occurred in 5.3% of cases (4 infections, 1 pin breakage with ulnar tilt requiring revision).
- Minor complications occurred in 2.1% of cases (seroma, delayed union).
- No cases of non-union were observed; 98.9% of limbs achieved radiographic healing by 6 weeks.
- IM pin breakage was noted in 11.8% of limbs but did not affect healing outcomes.
- Chondrodystrophic breeds made up 64.8% of the cohort and tolerated the procedure well.
- Compared to prior studies, complication rates were substantially reduced with this technique (prior major: 13.9%; this study: 5.3%).
- The use of rhBMP-2 likely enhanced early bone healing and provided biologic support, particularly important in breeds at higher risk of complications.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Impact of intramedullary pinning and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 on postoperative complications after proximal ulnar osteotomy in dogs
2025-6-VS-danielski-1
In Planchamp 2022 et al., on imaging-based AAI diagnosis, which measurement best differentiated potentially unstable dogs from AAI-affected dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ventral Compression Index (VCI) ≥0.16 (extension) or ≥0.2 (flexion) was diagnostic for AAI with 100% sensitivity and >94% specificity
- VCI had the highest diagnostic accuracy among all measured variables (AUC > 0.99)
- C1-C2 overlap ≤2.7 mm (extension) or ≤1.8 mm (flexion) also diagnostic for AAI (sensitivity 84–96%, specificity 81–90%)
- C1-C2 angle ≥176.9° (extension) or ≥187.4° (flexion) had high sensitivity and specificity (~95%)
- Basion-dens interval ≥5.9 mm (extension) or ≥3.0 mm (flexion) provided moderate diagnostic accuracy
- Cranial translation ratio (CTR) ≥0.18 classified dogs as potentially unstable (sensitivity 90%, specificity 78%)
- VCI ≥0.23 reliably differentiated AAI from potentially unstable cases (sensitivity 94%, specificity 94%)
- DALR ≤0.24 had high specificity (100%) but low sensitivity for AAI diagnosis
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Determination of cutoff values on computed tomography and magnetic resonance images for the diagnosis of atlantoaxial instability in small-breed dogs
2022-4-VS-planchamp-3
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings