🔍 Key Findings

Design: In vitro study on cadaveric femurs (n=21) with basilar femoral neck fractures stabilized using 2 vs 3 titanium cannulated screws.

Stiffness: Control > 3-screw > 2-screw (674 > 120 > 90 N/mm).

Yield Load: 3-screw (586 N) > 2-screw (303 N); both < intact femur (2692 N).

Displacement: No difference across groups.

Complication: 3-screw technique more demanding; higher risk of cortical perforation, especially with narrow femoral necks.

Failure Mode: Dislodgement of femoral head + screw shaft bending.

Conclusion: 3 screws = stronger construct than 2 screws. Clinical implications need further study.

🔍 Key Findings

140 laparoscopic surgeons surveyed; 37% reported at least one musculoskeletal disorder.
Women had significantly higher odds of reporting WRMD (OR = 2.59, p = .011).
Smaller glove size significantly associated with WRMD (p = .001), shoulder tendonitis (p = .01), and neck strain (p = .001).
Most common injuries: Neck strain (35%), shoulder tendonitis (31%).
WRMD was associated with greater difficulty using:

• Rotating cup biopsy forceps (p < .001)
• Vessel sealing device and endo stapler (especially in those with shoulder injuries)

No significant association with surgeon age, dominant hand, height, weight, or case volume.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• HIF typically originates 57° caudal to the supratrochlear foramen and propagates cranially in a segmental pattern.
• %HIF correlated significantly with both fissure depth and length:
  • %DHIF increased linearly (r = 0.989, p < 0.001)
  • %LHIF followed a sigmoidal relationship with %HIF (p < 0.001)
• Higher %HIF was significantly associated with:
  • Clinical lameness (p = 0.004)
  • Distal shift in the fissure center (CHIF)
• Implant complications in 5/17 elbows treated with transcondylar screws
• Isthmus diameter increased with weight (p = 0.002), relevant for screw sizing

🔍 Key Findings

• Heated CO₂ insufflation reduced perioperative hypothermia during laparoscopic ovariectomy compared to nonheated CO₂.
• Final body temperature was significantly higher in the heated group (36.03°C) than in the nonheated group (34.93°C).
• Temperature reduction correlated with surgical duration only in the nonheated group (p < .05).
• Heated CO₂ delayed temperature drop, occurring after 20 minutes vs. 5 minutes in nonheated cases.
• No significant differences between groups in anesthetic, surgical, or insufflation times.
• All dogs recovered uneventfully and were discharged the same day.
• Heated CO₂ may offer greater benefit in longer procedures or in small-sized dogs prone to hypothermia.
• No adverse effects were attributed to heated gas use in this clinical trial.

🔍 Key Findings

• Multidetector CTA had high sensitivity (up to 100%) and specificity (up to 96%) for detecting medial meniscal tears in dogs.
• Observer experience significantly influenced diagnostic accuracy, with more experienced observers showing higher agreement and better performance.
• Training effect was evident, as less experienced observers improved between first and second readings.
• Positive likelihood ratios ≥4.6 and negative likelihood ratios ≤0.08 were observed, suggesting CTA is clinically useful for confirming or ruling out meniscal injury.
• CTA allowed identification of full and partial thickness lesions, with good visualization in sagittal, transverse, and frontal reconstructions.
• Approximately 90% of menisci were correctly classified in second readings.
• No adverse reactions were noted from the contrast injection; sedation was used instead of general anesthesia.
• CTA was less invasive and potentially more cost-effective compared to arthroscopy, especially in settings without MRI access.

🔍 Key Findings

• Accurate femoral isometric placement was achieved in 63% of cases, significantly more with SwiveLock (78.6%) than FASTak (38.9%).
• Inaccurate placement was associated with increased internal tibial rotation at follow-up (p = .009), suggesting potential implant failure.
• Pivot shift grade improved in 90.9% of stifles postoperatively, regardless of implant positioning accuracy.
• SwiveLock implants had a faster learning curve and higher placement accuracy than FASTak.
• Higher patient weight was linked to more accurate implant placement (p = .012), likely due to easier anatomical landmark identification.
• No correlation found between implant type or positioning accuracy and final pivot shift grade at 6 weeks.
• Minor and major complications were low and not significantly different between implant types.
• A simplified 2-grade pivot shift system was proposed for clinical use (Grade 1: glide, Grade 2: clunk), aiding intraoperative decision-making.

🔍 Key Findings

• Buccal transposition flap provided successful closure of large maxillary lip defects in all 5 dogs
• All flaps survived, with 3 dogs experiencing minor complications (e.g., fistulas, dehiscence) that resolved
• Flap vascularization originated from the angularis oris and superior labial arteries, as confirmed via CT angiography
• Excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes were achieved in all cases
• Ex vivo cadaver study validated flap perfusion, showing consistent contrast filling of key arteries
• Oronasal fistulas occurred in 2 dogs at the palatal incision site, likely due to contact with the mandibular canine tooth
• Mandibular canine coronectomy was performed in 2/5 dogs to prevent flap trauma
• Flap design and commissure positioning were customizable, aiding tension relief and improving outcomes

🔍 Key Findings

• TEA significantly increased the rima glottis area (RGA) from a mean of 0.52 cm³ to 0.78 cm³ (p < .0001)
• Mean RGA increased by 157%, equivalent to an 84% estimated decrease in airway resistance
• LEGS (laryngeal epiglottic-glottic seal) remained intact in all cadavers post-procedure, indicating maintained airway protection
• TEA was technically feasible in all 15 cadaveric dogs using a custom endoscopic gag port (EGP)
• TEA avoids cervical dissection, potentially reducing surgical trauma and risks compared to UAL (unilateral arytenoid lateralization)
• Compared to UAL, TEA showed slightly less RGA increase, but greater LEGS preservation, potentially reducing aspiration risk
• No cartilage was included in sutures; arytenopexy involved soft tissue fixation to pharyngeal wall across the piriform recess
• Cadaver model limitations include inability to assess functional outcomes like swallowing and respiratory motion impact

🔍 Key Findings

• MEFF occurred in 11.4% (10/88 elbows) following medial-to-lateral transcondylar screw placement in dogs with HIF.
• Screw size to condylar height ratio >41% significantly increased MEFF risk (P = .004, OR 1.52).
• MEFF was not recognized intraoperatively in 60% of cases and was only seen on follow-up or retrospective imaging review.
• Screw loosening was the most common complication (11.2%), observed both with and without MEFF.
• MEFF tended to increase the risk of screw loosening (P = .06), but was not statistically significant.
• Most MEFFs did not require treatment and healed radiographically by 14–17 weeks in monitored cases.
• Shaft screws were used in all MEFF cases, but shaft vs cortical design was not significantly associated with MEFF.
• The clinical impact of MEFF was minor in most cases, although long-term significance is unknown.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 39 dogs (mostly post-trauma) with either forelimb or hindlimb amputations (high vs low)
• No significant difference in %BW distribution between high vs low forelimb amputations
• In hindlimb amputees:
  • High amputations → more overload on contralateral hindlimb (p = 0.01)
  • Low amputations → more even load split, slight preference for contralateral hindlimb and ipsilateral forelimb
• Values derived from pressure-sensitive walkway confirmed with statistical significance
• Useful implications for prosthesis selection and rehabilitation planning