Your Custom Quiz
In Buote 2023 et al., on 3D-printed cannulas in feline laparoscopy, which of the following is true about instrument collisions using 3DPCs in cadaver procedures?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed cannulas (3DPCs) reduced mean surgical time significantly in cadaveric procedures (125.6 vs 95.2 min, p = 0.03).
- Cannula pullout events decreased from a mean of 10 to 2.2 per procedure when using only 3DPCs (p = 0.03).
- Instrument collisions were significantly fewer with 3DPCs (6.8 vs 2.6 collisions, p = 0.03).
- Live patients experienced no postoperative complications, including no incision site infections or discomfort.
- Initial versions of 3DPCs had minor issues, including valve leakage and looser trocar fit, requiring surgical workarounds.
- Customization of cannula shaft length (3 cm vs standard 5–8.3 cm) improved working space and reduced instrument interference.
- Production cost was under $5 per cannula, suggesting 3DPCs may be a cost-effective and reusable alternative for small patients.
- Study supports broader use of 3DPCs in laparoscopic procedures requiring long-jawed instruments or intricate tissue handling.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
3D printed cannulas for use in laparoscopic surgery in feline patients: A cadaveric study and case series
2023-6-VS-buote-3
In Adams 2024 et al., on canine tibial plateau fractures, what minor complication was observed postoperatively in Case 2?
🔍 Key Findings
- Tibial plateau fractures (TPF) are rare in dogs, but can be surgically stabilized with good outcomes even in complex trauma cases.
- Lateral TPFs (Unger type 41-B1) were approached via caudolateral arthrotomy, with elevation of the lateral meniscus for visualization and use of lag screws and K-wires for fixation.
- Medial TPF (Unger type 41-B2) was addressed via medial parapatellar approach using K-wires and a figure-of-eight tension band.
- One minor complication occurred: implant yield at 2 weeks in a case with a concurrent fibular fracture, resulting in a 0.8 mm step defect.
- No major complications were recorded, and all dogs achieved clinical union with full function by 8–10 weeks.
- Long-term owner-reported outcomes (LOAD scores) were excellent (5/52), indicating minimal osteoarthritis or chronic pain.
- Concurrent fibular fractures may increase risk of implant failure and should influence implant selection (e.g., considering buttress plating).
- Arthroscopic-assisted techniques may be applicable in select cases, but open reduction was preferred due to fragment displacement or concurrent injuries.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Prospective evaluation of the surgical stabilization and outcome of canine tibial plateau fractures in three cases
2024-6-VS-adams-2
In Chik 2024 et al., on cholangioscopy feasibility, which factor most limited advancement of the 3.8 mm disposable endoscope into the common bile duct?
🔍 Key Findings
- Open transcholecystic cholangioscopy was feasible using a 3.8 mm disposable flexible endoscope in all 8 canine cadavers.
- Visualization was consistently achieved up to the junction of the hepatic ducts, common bile duct, and cystic duct.
- Advancement past the junction was limited by the endoscope diameter (3.8 mm) and anatomical flexure.
- The 1.9 mm flexible ureteroscope could visualize the entire biliary tree, including the major duodenal papilla, in a large dog (43.8 kg).
- Endoscopic tools (e.g., 3 Fr grasping forceps) could be passed through the working channel only after removing the irrigation line.
- Standard biopsy forceps were incompatible with the disposable endoscope's 1.2 mm working channel.
- Cadaver study showed no rupture, but clinical extrapolation is limited due to lack of diseased tissue.
- Disposable endoscope setup cost (~$6,100) was significantly lower than traditional endoscopy systems (~$75,000–100,000), improving accessibility.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Feasibility of open cholangioscopy with disposable flexible endoscopes
2024-7-VS-chik-2
In Crystal 2024 et al., on elbow osteotomies, which osteotomy angle resulted in the greatest reduction of medial compartment load?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Ex vivo cadaver study using 5 paired canine thoracic limbs
- Compared medial opening wedge osteotomy (MOWO) and external rotational osteotomy (ERO) of the humerus
- Measured pressure changes in the medial compartment using thin-film sensors
- ERO significantly reduced peak pressure and pressure distribution in the medial elbow compartment (p < 0.05)
- MOWO showed no significant pressure reduction relative to native state
- Combined MOWO + ERO did not significantly improve over ERO alone
- Findings support the biomechanical rationale for ERO as a surgical strategy to offload the medial compartment in cases like medial compartment disease (MCD)
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Effect of Medial Opening Wedge and External Rotational Humeral Osteotomies on Medial Elbow Compartment Pressure: An Ex Vivo Study
2024-4-VCOT-crystal-1
In Miller 2024 et al., on SOP-LC mechanical testing, what torque value may help reduce clamp slippage during use?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- No significant difference in mechanical properties between contoured vs non-contoured SOP-LC rods
- Clamp configuration significantly influenced mechanical performance:
- Single-side clamps → ↑ yield load, ↑ displacement, ↑ bending strength (p < 0.05)
- Alternating-side clamps → ↑ initial torsional stiffness (p = 0.029)
- Clamp slippage was evident only in torsional tests; screw loosening may be torque-dependent
- Mild screw bending and construct offset suggest subtle instability
- Recommends clamp configuration choice based on loading scenario
- Suggests 3.0 Nm torque may be more effective than 2.5 Nm to prevent clamp slippage
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Mechanical Testing of Sliding on Pivot-Locking Clamp (SOP-LC) Fracture Repair System in Four-Point Bending and Torsion
2024-4-VCOT-miller-5
In Zann 2023 et al., In Long-term outcomes after proximal humeral OC debridement in dogs, what difference was noted in affected limbs compared to contralateral limbs in unilaterally affected dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- 20 dogs (26 shoulders) evaluated at mean 3.5 years post-surgery after arthroscopic or open debridement.
- Ipsilateral muscle atrophy and decreased range of motion (↓ extension, ↓ flexion) in affected limbs compared to contralateral healthy shoulders.
- All treated shoulders developed osteoarthritis, confirmed radiographically, by CT, and arthroscopically.
- Moderate to severe synovitis was present in all shoulders; lesions showed patchy, incomplete cartilage infilling even up to 8.9 years post-op.
- Kinetic gait analysis showed no significant differences in PVF/VI between affected and unaffected limbs, despite mild lameness clinically.
- Owners reported good to very good mobility (median LOAD = 6), often underestimating clinical lameness.
- CT detected larger lesion dimensions than radiographs (wider, deeper defects).
- Despite progression of OA, surgical debridement was associated with satisfactory long-term function, though not prevention of degenerative changes.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Long-term outcome of dogs treated by surgical debridement of proximal humeral osteochondrosis
2023-7-VS-zann-4
In Pfeil 2024 et al., on fluoroscopic pinning, how many cases showed pin migration?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fluoroscopically guided normograde metabone pinning (FGNMP) was used to treat 17 animals (15 dogs and 2 cats) with 57 metabone fractures, including various fracture configurations (short-oblique body, physeal, and comminuted).
- All 57 fractures were stabilized using intramedullary pins via FGNMP. The study exclusively focused on pin fixation and did not include screws or combined fixation techniques.
- Median surgical time was 54 minutes (range 26–99 min), indicating efficient procedural execution.
- Radiographic bone union was achieved in all fractures, with a median time to union of 6 weeks (range 4–12 weeks). Union was confirmed in all initially non-united fractures on follow-up.
- No major complications were reported. A single pressure sore at the olecranon resolved uneventfully, and no pin migration or osteomyelitis was observed.
- Pin extensions were noted radiographically (e.g., 42% distal subchondral overextension), but were not associated with clinical problems.
- Fluoroscopic guidance improved implant accuracy and preserved soft tissue, enabling effective fracture alignment and stabilization using this minimally invasive osteosynthesis (MIO) approach.
- The authors concluded that FGNMP is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive method for a variety of metabone fracture types, yielding quick recovery, fast healing, and good to excellent long-term functional outcomes in all 17 cases.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Outcomes of 15 dogs and two cats with metabone fractures treated with fluoroscopically guided normograde metabone pinning
2024-5-VS-pfeil-5
In Papacella-Beugger 2024 et al., what was the median deviation of screw entry points?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Cadaveric study using 3 miniature breed dogs (6 hemipelves) to assess spinal neuronavigation accuracy for lumbar plate fixation
- 20 screws placed using CBCT-based navigation with real-time tracking
- 85% (17/20) of screws were safely and accurately placed
- Median deviation of screw entry points from plan: 1.8 mm
- All 3 misplaced screws occurred in a single cadaver, attributed to inexperienced drill handling
- Custom 3D-printed lightweight tracking array was necessary due to small spinous processes in miniature dogs
- No iatrogenic canal perforations or vertebral damage in any specimen
- Concludes neuronavigation offers precise, safe placement of spinal implants in small dogs, with minimal anatomic disruption
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
6
2024
Spinal Neuronavigation for Lumbar Plate Fixation in Miniature Breed Dogs
2024-6-VCOT-papacella-beugger-2
In Monti 2025 et al., on lymph node fluorescence imaging, which lymph node group was most frequently identified and removed using NIRF-guided laparoscopic surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Laparoscopic ISLN removal using NIRF-ICG was feasible in 89% of dogs (16/18), demonstrating high procedural success with minimal invasiveness.
- Median laparoscopic dissection time was only 12 minutes, suggesting efficiency of the NIRF-guided approach.
- No postoperative complications were observed, and intraoperative complications occurred in only 2 dogs (11.1%), both requiring conversion to open surgery.
- Metastatic disease was confirmed in 48% of patients (12/25 nodes), including cases where LNs appeared normal in size, highlighting the value of histologic evaluation.
- NIRF-ICG enabled precise identification of small and mildly enlarged nodes, which are often missed during traditional imaging or palpation.
- Fluorescent dye leakage following LN capsule rupture limited visibility and required surgical conversion, indicating a key limitation of the technique.
- ICG signal was occasionally absent in metastatic LNs, likely due to lymphatic rerouting or obstruction, underscoring limitations in SLN identification.
- The lateral approach allowed consistent access to ipsilateral MILN, IILN, and sacral LNs, though contralateral nodes were inaccessible with this method.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Near‐infrared fluorescence‐guided minimally invasive surgery for iliosacral lymph node removal in 18 dogs (2023–2025)
2025-6-VS-monti-2
In Gollnick 2024 et al., on TCTF risk with Arthrex STS in TPLO, what percentage of dogs developed transcortical tibial fractures?
🔍 Key Findings
- 42% of dogs (33/78) treated with Arthrex 3.5 mm STS during TPLO developed radiographic TCTF
- TCTFs occurred exclusively distal to the osteotomy
- 14% of screws (36/250) distal to the osteotomy were associated with TCTFs
- 6% of dogs with TCTFs developed major complications (e.g., complete tibial fracture requiring surgical revision)
- Angulation of cortical STS screws, especially in the distal plate holes, was a key contributor to complications
- Locking screws were also involved, but cortical screws angled improperly were overrepresented in serious outcomes
- Revision recommendations included preemptive fixation for large TCTFs or angulated screw placements
- Use of non-self-tapping screws (NSTS) previously showed a <1% TCTF rate, supporting higher risk with STS
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Tibial fracture associated with use of Arthrex self‐tapping screws during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs and development of transcortical tibial fracture
2024-6-VS-gollnick-1
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings