🔍 Key Findings

• Portal pressure increased proportionally with insufflation pressure: 38% at 6 mmHg, 95% at 10 mmHg, and 175% at 14 mmHg.
• Exponential model: average increase of 7.45% per mmHg of insufflation pressure (CI: 4.7–10.2%).
• No systemic hemodynamic adverse effects were observed; MAP remained >60 mmHg throughout.
• Portal hypertension threshold (15 mmHg) predicted at ~6.4 mmHg insufflation pressure.
• No statistical impact from patient weight, pressure-to-weight ratio, or order of insufflation rounds.
• Measurement technique was feasible and safe, with only minor challenges (e.g., catheter kinking).
• The study supports use of the lowest insufflation pressure needed for visualization to avoid portal hypertension.
• Baseline portal pressures returned after desufflation, supporting comparison pre- and post-attenuation.

🔍 Key Findings

• 20.6% of dogs had a preoperative prolongation in PT or aPTT, but only 5.6% had both prolonged.
• Hemangiosarcoma was the only tumor type significantly associated with both PT and aPTT prolongation (37.5% of hemangiosarcoma cases, p < .001).
• Dogs with both PT and aPTT prolongations were 6.5× more likely to have emergency surgery (p < .001) and 2.5× more likely to have hemoabdomen (p = .0022).
• 60% of dogs with both PT and aPTT prolongation required blood transfusion (p < .001).
• Only 1.9% of all dogs had both PT and aPTT prolonged by >25%, suggesting limited clinical utility of routine PT/aPTT testing.
• Platelet count <50,000/μL was rare (1.5%) and not associated with PT/aPTT changes or transfusions.
• Routine PT/aPTT testing offers low diagnostic yield in elective liver lobectomy cases.
• Authors recommend case-by-case PT/aPTT screening, especially when hemangiosarcoma or bleeding tendencies are suspected.

🔍 Key Findings

Sample: 201 lymphadenectomies in 163 dogs.
Intraoperative techniques:

• Unassisted: 36%
• Methylene blue (MB): 24%
• Gamma probe + MB (γ-MB): 40%

Complication rate: 7.5% overall (93% uncomplicated)

• 80% were mild, 20% moderate; no severe complications
• Most common = seroma (2.5%), lymphoedema (1.5%)

Risk factors (via decision tree model):

• Surgical time > 21.5 min
• Lymph node site = mandibular or retropharyngeal

No significant difference in complication rate based on:

• Guidance technique (p = .255)
• LN palpability, number removed, or LN size

Clinical implication: Peripheral SLN excision is safe regardless of intraoperative technique; certain sites and durations carry slightly higher risk.

🔍 Key Findings

• Total complication rate was 16.7%, with 5/30 hips experiencing major complications, mostly related to the femoral component.
• Cup-associated complications were rare (3.3%), with only one case of acetabular cup luxation attributed to surgical technique rather than implant failure.
• No cases of late aseptic loosening were observed during a median follow-up of 17.5 months.
• Implant stability was attributed to the SCSL's porous, trabecular titanium surface, enhancing osseointegration.
• Three femoral stem fractures occurred in a single dog, leading to implant removal; material testing was not performed.
• Most complications were femoral in origin (6/7), not acetabular, suggesting improved performance of the SCSL.
• Explantation rate was 13% (4/30), but some removals were due to owner preference against revision.
• Subjective functional outcome was full recovery in 26/30 hips, including one with successful revision of stem subsidence.

🔍 Key Findings

• Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures using precontoured plates on 3D-printed models is feasible and technically reproducible in dogs.
• All cadavers had fracture gaps <2 mm and step defects <1 mm, indicating accurate reduction.
• Sciatic nerve injury was minimal or absent in all cases, supporting potential neuroprotection from indirect approaches.
• Pelvic angulation was maintained <5°, confirming preservation of alignment post-reduction.
• Surgical time averaged ~46 minutes in cadavers for both approaches and repair.
• Clinical case showed good radiographic healing by 8 weeks and full union by 3 months, with early weight-bearing post-op.
• Use of locking screws improved reduction fidelity, particularly across a broad plate span.
• 3D printing accelerated surgical planning, though its necessity remains debated due to the availability and cost concerns.

🔍 Key Findings

• 3D-printed cannulas (3DPCs) reduced mean surgical time significantly in cadaveric procedures (125.6 vs 95.2 min, p = 0.03).
• Cannula pullout events decreased from a mean of 10 to 2.2 per procedure when using only 3DPCs (p = 0.03).
• Instrument collisions were significantly fewer with 3DPCs (6.8 vs 2.6 collisions, p = 0.03).
• Live patients experienced no postoperative complications, including no incision site infections or discomfort.
• Initial versions of 3DPCs had minor issues, including valve leakage and looser trocar fit, requiring surgical workarounds.
• Customization of cannula shaft length (3 cm vs standard 5–8.3 cm) improved working space and reduced instrument interference.
• Production cost was under $5 per cannula, suggesting 3DPCs may be a cost-effective and reusable alternative for small patients.
• Study supports broader use of 3DPCs in laparoscopic procedures requiring long-jawed instruments or intricate tissue handling.

🔍 Key Findings

• Double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) reduced angle of lateral opening (ALO) by a median of 11° (p ≤ .001).
• Despite ALO correction, THR reluxation occurred in 5/11 dogs, often within 7 days post-DPO.
• Post-DPO ALO remained elevated (median 56°), with only 2 dogs achieving the recommended 35–45° range.
• Explantation was required in 7/11 dogs (5 aseptic loosenings, 2 infections), suggesting poor long-term implant survival.
• Dogs with luxoid hips were more likely to fail, even with corrected ALO, emphasizing soft tissue instability as a risk factor.
• Compared to TPO (23° correction), DPO yielded a smaller ALO correction, possibly due to older dog population and less elastic pelvis.
• No ventral luxation occurred post-DPO, unlike in TPO studies, likely due to more conservative ALO reduction.
• Authors do not recommend routine DPO for THR luxation due to high complication and failure rates.

🔍 Key Findings

• Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) infiltration did not reduce the need for rescue analgesia compared with placebo in dogs undergoing TPLO.
• CMPS-SF pain scores were not significantly different between LB and placebo groups at any postoperative time point.
• % body weight distribution (%BWdist) to the operated limb did not differ significantly between treatment groups across all time points.
• No correlation was found between CMPS-SF scores and %BWdist, suggesting these metrics assess different aspects of postoperative pain.
• Postoperative carprofen administration was standardized, and LB did not provide additional detectable analgesic benefit.
• Three-layer infiltration technique (joint capsule, fascia, subcutis) was used consistently across all cases.
• Adverse events were minor and comparable between LB and placebo groups.
• Post hoc analysis suggested a much larger sample size (58–436 dogs) would be needed to detect significant differences in %BWdist.

🔍 Key Findings

• Aiming device provided comparable trajectory accuracy to fluoroscopy, especially in right limbs (1.9° vs. 3.4°, p = .0128).
• Eccentricity (deviation from condylar center) was lower with fluoroscopy (3.1 mm vs 4.2 mm, p = .0017), making fluoroscopy more precise.
• Odds of joint infringement were 8× higher with the aiming device, though not statistically significant (p = .0575).
• Residents had greater screw trajectory deviation than diplomates (p = .0366), highlighting impact of experience.
• Aiming device procedures took less time than fluoroscopy in some scenarios, particularly for right limbs with right-handed surgeons.
• Fluoroscopic procedures had more pin/drill attempts, increasing risk of glove puncture and potential aseptic breaks.
• Mean deviation angles in both groups (<3.5°) were within acceptable range to avoid intracondylar fracture gap.
• Cadaver model used large-breed, healthy adult dogs, not small-breed immature dogs, limiting generalizability.

🔍 Key Findings

• Precontoured plates based on 3D-printed femurs produced accurate femoral alignment (median deviations <3 mm or <3° in all planes).
• Both fracture reduction system (FRS) and intramedullary pin (IMP) methods achieved near-anatomic alignment in cadaveric femoral fractures.
• FRS required fewer fluoroscopic images (median 7 vs. 26, P = .001), but longer surgical time (median 43 vs. 29 min, P = .011).
• Sagittal plane alignment: FRS led to mild increased recurvatum (median 2.9°), but still within near-anatomic limits (<5°).
• Axial alignment: Both groups achieved near-anatomic torsion (<10°), though one IMP case had acceptable (not near-anatomic) alignment.
• Custom drill guides and FRS improved fluoroscopy efficiency but were cumbersome and time-consuming to use. Authors do not recommend current prototype for clinical use.
• Clinical significance: 3D printed models allow accurate precontouring, reducing intra-op plate adjustment; custom guides may reduce radiation exposure for the surgical team.