🔍 Key Findings

• Prophylactic fenestration (PF) significantly reduced recurrence of cervical intervertebral disc extrusion (0% vs. 37.8%, p < .001).
• Surgery time was longer with PF (median 182 vs. 110 min, p = .017), but no difference in perioperative complication rates (PF 16.7%, non-PF 18.9%; p = .838).
• 25% overall recurrence rate, but all recurrences occurred in the non-PF group.
• Medical management was effective in 92.9% of recurrence cases.
• Most PF sites targeted adjacent discs; 88.9% were at adjacent levels, which are common recurrence sites.
• Neurologic outcomes were similar between PF and non-PF dogs post-surgery and at follow-up.
• Fenestration technique (blade vs. burr) not shown to affect outcome but contributed to extended surgical time.
• No major complications or deaths linked directly to PF in initial surgeries.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 89 French Bulldogs with HCF; 40.4% (36/89) had contralateral HIF
• Prophylactic transcondylar screws placed in 20/36 HIF; no complications in these
• Complication rate for HCF repair = 13.4% (6.7% minor, 6.7% major)
• Most complications occurred with Kirschner wire fixation
• Short-term outcome: Bone healing observed in all, but 14/45 had persistent intracondylar gap
• Long-term outcomes (n=27):
  • Excellent = 66.7%
  • Good = 29.6%
  • Fair = 3.7%
• Complication-free dogs significantly more likely to have excellent/good outcomes (p = 0.007)

🔍 Key Findings

• Proximal BODPUOs (closer to 26–28% of ulna length) resulted in greater increases in proximal ulna tilt postoperatively (up to 18°).
• Distal osteotomies (closer to 48–49%) yielded minimal change in ulna angle.
• Strong linear relationship between osteotomy location and change in angle; correlation coefficient = 0.73.
• Initial proximal ulna angle (IPUA) influences results—angles closer to 90° yielded greater changes.
• Craniocaudal osteotomy angle had minimal impact on tilt change after adjusting for location.
• Osteotomy length had no significant effect on change in angle.
• Prediction intervals showed wide individual variation in outcomes, especially with more proximal osteotomies.
• No increase in complications was associated with more proximal osteotomies, contrary to past assumptions.

🔍 Key Findings

• Needle arthroscopy (NA) had 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting medial meniscal tears using standard arthroscopy (SA) as the reference.
• NA correctly identified meniscal status in 25/26 dogs, missing only one stable nondisplaced tear.
• NA took less time than SA: 8 ± 3 min vs. 15 ± 9 min (P = .0041).
• Visibility scores were significantly lower with NA than SA for all meniscal horns (medial and lateral) .
• Probing difficulty was greater with NA, especially for the lateral meniscus (P = .0017).
• NA caused no measurable morbidity: lameness scores were unchanged before and after the procedure (P = .25).
• NA was possible in sedated dogs, though 10/26 required additional anesthesia due to delays.
• NA missed 1 lateral tear, likely due to reduced access and lack of shaving compared to SA.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 62 fractures in 61 dogs (44 lateral condylar, 18 intracondylar); mostly Spaniels
• LEAP plate used in all cases; minimal intraoperative contouring needed (1 French Bulldog)
• Overall complication rate: ~33%, mostly minor; 1 amputation due to catastrophic infection
• Radiographic healing:
  • Lateral epicondylar part healed in 100%
  • Condylar part healed in ~61.5% LCF and ~57.1% ICF
• Functional outcomes:
  • 87% returned to full limb use
  • Median LOAD score: 2 for LCF, 6.5 for ICF
• Design adjustments made post-study to strengthen weak zones around 3rd–4th screw holes

🔍 Key Findings

• Fasting ammonia (FA) was the most specific test (100%) for confirming EHPSS closure postoperatively.
• Serum hyaluronic acid (SHA) and MEGX at 15 minutes post-lidocaine were the most sensitive tests (96.9% and 96.2%, respectively).
• SHA combined with MEGX T15, or with FA or postprandial serum bile acids (SBA), provided 100% sensitivity with good specificity (72.4–82.8%).
• SHA levels remained elevated in all dogs with persistent shunting, even when other tests were normal.
• Paired SBA had moderate sensitivity (90%) and variable specificity (89%).
• The L/MEGX test at 30 min was less useful than at 15 min for assessing closure.
• Traditional SBA testing showed reduced utility postoperatively; normal values did not rule out persistent shunting.
• Blood tests improved when combined, but imaging remains essential to definitively confirm EHPSS closure.

🔍 Key Findings

• Refracture occurred in 5.5% of limbs, with higher incidence in the plate removal group (12.5%) vs. non-removal (3.5%).
• In the non-plate removal group, refractures occurred at the most distal screw site, linked to greater screw position change during growth (OR 1.79, p=0.04).
• Screw-to-bone diameter ratio (SBDR) >0.4 was a significant risk factor for refracture in the plate retention group.
• In the plate removal group, refractures occurred at the original fracture site, associated with lower pixel value ratio (bone mineral density) and reduced radial thickness.
• Implant-induced osteoporosis (IIO) beneath the plate likely contributed to refracture risk after plate removal.
• Younger age at fracture (<6 months) was associated with higher refracture risk due to ongoing radial growth and shifting screw position.
• No significant association was found between refracture and plate type (locking vs conventional), fixation method, or ulnar union.
• Recommendations include careful SBDR sizing, motion restriction, and cautious plate removal decisions in growing dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Mediastinoscopy was technically feasible in large-breed canine cadavers using a SILS port and standard laparoscopic instruments.
• The left tracheobronchial lymph node (LTBLN) was successfully retrieved in all cadavers (7/7), while cranial mediastinal lymph nodes were retrieved in only 1/7.
• Postprocedural pleural gas was observed in 4/7 cadavers, likely due to CO₂ insufflation.
• Instrument limitations with a human-designed mediastinoscope led to preference for laparoscopic instruments and SILS port for improved access and visualization.
• Complication rates were low, with only two minor (Grade 1) adverse events (pleural tear and LN rupture).
• Obesity and mediastinal fat were cited as potential challenges to visualization and node retrieval.
• NASA-TLX workload scores were lowest for tracheobronchial nodes, indicating these were the easiest to access.
• The authors concluded this approach may facilitate minimally invasive biopsy or resection of cranial mediastinal masses in live dogs, but clinical trials are needed to validate safety and efficacy.

🔍 Key Findings

Internal fixation (IF) group (n=59):

• Complication rate: 20.3%
• Major complications: 15.3%
• Longer time to discharge if complications occurred (median: 12.5 weeks)

External skeletal fixation (ESF) group (n=36):

• Complication rate: 55.6% (p < .001 vs IF)
• Major complications: 52.8%
• Most common issue: pin tract morbidity

Multivariable analysis:

• Use of IF significantly reduced odds of complications (OR 0.23, p = .004)
• Use of post-op antibiotics associated with increased odds of complications (OR 3.53, p = .028)

Fixation choice influenced by age:

• Older puppies more likely to receive IF (OR 1.25 per week increase in age, p < .001)

Breed & fracture distribution:

• Common breeds: Labrador, Border Collie, Whippet
• Common fracture sites: middle and proximal third of tibia

🔍 Key Findings

• Multidetector CTA had high sensitivity (up to 100%) and specificity (up to 96%) for detecting medial meniscal tears in dogs.
• Observer experience significantly influenced diagnostic accuracy, with more experienced observers showing higher agreement and better performance.
• Training effect was evident, as less experienced observers improved between first and second readings.
• Positive likelihood ratios ≥4.6 and negative likelihood ratios ≤0.08 were observed, suggesting CTA is clinically useful for confirming or ruling out meniscal injury.
• CTA allowed identification of full and partial thickness lesions, with good visualization in sagittal, transverse, and frontal reconstructions.
• Approximately 90% of menisci were correctly classified in second readings.
• No adverse reactions were noted from the contrast injection; sedation was used instead of general anesthesia.
• CTA was less invasive and potentially more cost-effective compared to arthroscopy, especially in settings without MRI access.