🔍 Key Findings

• Study population: 36 brachycephalic dogs (20 French bulldogs, 16 pugs).
• Objective: Compare intra- and interobserver reliability for fluoroscopic measurement of nasopharyngeal collapse using two methods:
  • Functional method
  • Anatomically adjusted method
• Key measurements: Minimum (LMin), maximum (LMax) dorsoventral height, and dynamic change ratio (ΔL).
• Outcomes:
  • Intraobserver agreement for ΔL was higher with the functional method (ICC 0.751 vs. 0.576).
  • Observer 1 (radiologist) showed excellent repeatability (>0.9 ICC).
  • Agreement for grading collapse was only moderate (κ ~0.49–0.53), worse than ΔL-based agreement.
  • ΔL ≥ 0.5 to <1 = partial collapse; ΔL = 1 = complete collapse.

🔍 Key Findings

• Proximal Tibia Metatarsal Angle (PTMTA) was significantly increased in dogs with grade 3 and 4 MPL, making it a useful marker for severity.
• PTMTA strongly correlated with Tibial Torsion Angle (TTA) (r = 0.733) and Crural Rotation Angle (CRA) (r = 0.643), integrating multiple morphological deformities.
• Grade 4 MPL cases showed significant internal tibial torsion, increased mMPTA, and decreased MDTT/PTW—indicating both rotation and medial displacement.
• DTMTA was significantly more negative in grade 4, indicating a consistent pattern of internal foot rotation with disease severity.
• PTMTA can be visually assessed during palpation, offering preoperative utility without CT.
• Among toy poodles, PTMTA showed significant differences even between grades 3 and normal, suggesting breed-specific severity patterns.
• Corrective osteotomy may need to address tibial as well as femoral deformities in severe MPL cases with high PTMTA.
• Younger dogs with grade 4 MPL had more severe deformities, possibly due to early onset or developmental progression.

🔍 Key Findings

• Double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) reduced angle of lateral opening (ALO) by a median of 11° (p ≤ .001).
• Despite ALO correction, THR reluxation occurred in 5/11 dogs, often within 7 days post-DPO.
• Post-DPO ALO remained elevated (median 56°), with only 2 dogs achieving the recommended 35–45° range.
• Explantation was required in 7/11 dogs (5 aseptic loosenings, 2 infections), suggesting poor long-term implant survival.
• Dogs with luxoid hips were more likely to fail, even with corrected ALO, emphasizing soft tissue instability as a risk factor.
• Compared to TPO (23° correction), DPO yielded a smaller ALO correction, possibly due to older dog population and less elastic pelvis.
• No ventral luxation occurred post-DPO, unlike in TPO studies, likely due to more conservative ALO reduction.
• Authors do not recommend routine DPO for THR luxation due to high complication and failure rates.

🔍 Key Findings

• Skin staple anastomosis (SSA) had comparable leak pressures to hand-sewn anastomosis (HSA) but required half the time to complete.
• Skin staple enterotomy (SSE) had significantly lower leak pressures than hand-sewn enterotomy (HSE) and failed in 12/20 constructs during pressure testing.
• HSE constructs took 8× longer to complete than SSE, but had much higher intraluminal pressure tolerance.
• All SSE constructs leaked from the center, with 35% leaking immediately and 60% showing catastrophic failure.
• SSA leakage occurred at the center in 40% of constructs, likely due to a learning curve in early samples.
• All constructs had higher pressures than normal physiologic intestinal pressure (4.0 mmHg ±2.0), except some SSEs with immediate leaks.
• Authors recommend SSA as a viable alternative with appropriate training but do not recommend SSE using the tested technique in live cats.
• Staple size and placement technique are key factors; smaller or more precisely placed staples may reduce leak risk.

🔍 Key Findings

• CT correctly identified ectopic ureters in 91% of dogs, but missed 50% of normal ureters, limiting its negative predictive value.
• Sensitivity for intramural ectopic ureters was 65%, while specificity was 71%, indicating moderate diagnostic performance.
• Sensitivity for extramural ectopic ureters was only 29%, despite a high specificity of 97%.
• CT was inaccurate in predicting ureteral orifice location, with sensitivity ranging from 0% to 76% depending on the site.
• 26% of dogs were misclassified for cystoscopic laser ablation (CLA) eligibility based on CT findings alone.
• Overall CT accuracy for CLA candidacy was 74%, but a significant minority would have been inappropriately treated.
• Multivariate analysis found no predictive factors (e.g., colon distension, body weight) for when CT would be incorrect.
• Authors recommend confirmatory cystoscopy to verify CT findings prior to treatment planning.

🔍 Key Findings

• Low-trauma events caused 82.9% of CvHL cases; Poodles and poodle-crosses represented 49.4% of cases.
• Success rate of hobbles (61.8%) was significantly higher than closed reduction alone (10.3%) or Ehmer sling (18.5%).
• Multivariate analysis found hobbles 7.62x more likely to succeed vs. closed reduction (p = .001).
• Specialist surgeons had higher success with nonsurgical management (OR: 2.68; p = .047).
• Older age associated with better outcomes (OR: 1.15 per year; p < .0005).
• Ehmer sling is not recommended due to high failure and complication rates (60.6%).
• Toggle rod stabilization had a high surgical success rate (88.2%) with low complication.
• No link was found between CvHL and hip dysplasia or OA in most cases (only 2/108 showed OA).

🔍 Key Findings

• Study Design: Prospective, randomized clinical trial of 45 dogs undergoing liver biopsy or lobectomy.
• Groups:
  • Adhesive gelatin sponge (AG) group (n=22)
  • Plain collagen sponge (PC) group (n=23)
• Main Results:
  • At 5 minutes post-application, 10/20 PC dogs were still bleeding vs. 2/20 AG dogs (p = 0.0138).
  • AG had significantly better adhesion scores (median 2 vs. 1, p < 0.001).
  • Sponge dislodgement: 5/23 in PC group, 0/22 in AG group (p = 0.042).
  • Time to 50% hemostasis: AG = 2 min, PC = 4 min 49 sec.
• Complications: No adverse events related to either sponge.
• Conclusion: Adhesive gelatin sponges offered superior intraoperative adhesion and hemostatic control during canine liver surgery compared to collagen sponges.

🔍 Key Findings

Synovitis was present in 100% of canine stifles with CCL disease (n = 163).

The most frequent severity score was 3/5 (55.2%), followed by 4/5 (24.5%).

Higher synovitis scores were significantly associated with:

• Higher median cartilage scores (p = .042, OR = 2.1 per unit increase)
• Longer duration of clinical signs (p < .001, OR = 1.27 per month)

Bodyweight (p = .083) and sex (p = .17) were not statistically significant in multivariable analysis.

Bucket handle meniscal tears were not associated with synovitis severity.

Clinical implication: Earlier intervention may help reduce synovitis and slow OA progression.

🔍 Key Findings

• Overall survival to discharge: 107 of 132 dogs (81%)
• Quartile improvement: Survival increased steadily from 67% in Q1 to 91% in Q4
  • Q1: 22/33 survived
  • Q2: 27/33
  • Q3: 28/33
  • Q4: 30/33
• Statistical significance: Higher operative rank significantly associated with improved survival (p < .05)
• Median cross clamp time (XCT): 73 min (range 40–165), but increased again in Q4
• Fatalities (n=25) were often due to:
  • Failure to wean from CPB
  • Intracranial vascular events (stroke)
  • Intrathoracic hemorrhage
• Breed representation: CKCS (23.5%), Chihuahua (22%), Crossbreeds (21%)
• Stages of MMVD: Stage C (67%), Stage D (27%), Stage B2 (6%)
• Emphasis on deliberate multidisciplinary teamwork for outcome improvement
• Highlights importance of technical and non-technical team skills, procedural standardization, and consistent personnel

🔍 Key Findings

• 13 cadaver dogs underwent laparoscopic right lateral liver lobectomy in sternal recumbency using a transdiaphragmatic intrathoracic trocar (ITT).
• All lobectomies were successful, regardless of dog size.
• Median total surgical time: 35.5 min; median lobectomy time: 18.5 min.
• ITT port enhanced visualization and access to hilus.
• No correlation between body weight and hilus access (p = .78).
• Stronger correlation between liver lobe weight and lobectomy time (r = .73, p = .004).
• Complication in 3/13 cases: Loss of insufflation due to balloon-tip port failure and pneumothorax.
• Recommendation: Use a new balloon trocar per case in clinical applications to prevent failure.