🔍 Key Findings

• Short-term resolution of hypercalcemia occurred in 97.8% (44/45) of dogs.
• Long-term cure rate was 93.3%, comparable to traditional bilateral neck exploration.
• Postoperative hypocalcemia was observed in only 15.6%, which is lower than traditional approaches (36–63.8%).
• Permanent hypocalcemia occurred in 4.4%, requiring lifelong calcitriol supplementation.
• Minimally invasive approach had median surgical times of 26 min (unilateral) and 45.5 min (bilateral).
• Most lesions were adenomas (54.8%), followed by hyperplasia (27.4%) and carcinomas (3.2%).
• Ultrasound identified 98.4% (61/62) of abnormal glands, supporting it as the preferred imaging modality.
• One death due to non-compliance with calcitriol, emphasizing importance of postoperative management.

🔍 Key Findings

• NAS-ILN had significantly greater stiffness in both axial compression and 4-point bending compared to LCP constructs.
• Ultimate load to failure was significantly higher for NAS-ILN in compression (804 N vs 328 N) and bending (25.7 Nm vs 16.3 Nm).
• Torsional stiffness and angular deformation were similar, but NAS-ILN resisted higher torque to failure than LCP (22.5 Nm vs 19.1 Nm).
• No slack was observed with the NAS-ILN construct, unlike older nail designs.
• Failure modes differed: LCPs failed via plate bending; NAS-ILNs failed at the implant or bone near screw holes.
• Titanium alloy and curved design of NAS-ILN provides better anatomic fit and more uniform stress distribution.
• A third, perpendicular locking hole in NAS-ILN may enhance torsional stability but was not utilized in this study.
• The curved, angle-stable design of NAS-ILN is a novel advancement in veterinary orthopedics.

🔍 Key Findings

• No leakage occurred using pretied ligature loops (PLL) or double-shank (DS) titanium clips up to 40 cm H₂O airway pressure.
• 1/10 stapled lobes leaked at supraphysiologic pressure (40 cm H₂O), but this was not statistically significant (p = .33).
• All techniques sealed effectively under physiologic and supraphysiologic pressures in cadaveric feline lungs.
• PLL and DS clips required less working space than staplers, making them more practical for small thoracic cavities.
• DS titanium clips offer enhanced security due to dual shanks and tissue-gripping design, reducing clip slippage.
• Leak testing was cyclic and submerged, simulating physiologic ventilation and allowing robust evaluation.
• Stapling failure occurred along the staple line, highlighting risks of air leakage due to staple misalignment or poor hilar access.
• PLL and DS clips may be cost-effective and efficient alternatives for open or minimally invasive feline lung lobectomy.

🔍 Key Findings:

• Design: Ex vivo study with 24 paired limbs from normal beagle dogs.
• Osteotomy types (3 groups):
  1. 30° uniplanar frontal wedge
  2. Oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal)
  3. Single oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal, 30° external rotation)
• Comparison: 3D PSG vs Freehand (FH)
• Main Outcomes:
  • PSG accuracy: Mean angular deviation = 2.8° vs 6.4° in FH (p < .001).
  • 84% of PSG osteotomies were within 5° of target vs 50% of FH.
• Significant improvements with PSG in:
  • Group 1 (uniplanar frontal) proximal and distal frontal planes (p < .001, .006)
  • Group 3 (SOO) frontal and sagittal planes (p = .002, .043)
• Time: PSG faster in complex SOO group (84s vs 162s, p < .001); no difference in others.
• No difference in osteotomy location (mm) between methods.
• Clinical relevance: PSG more consistent and accurate, especially for complex cuts.

🔍 Key Findings

Objective: Validate a new 3D CT-based method for measuring tibial torsion in dogs with MPL, comparing it to a traditional method.

Sample: 40 tibiae from client-owned dogs with MPL (primarily small-breed).

Repeatability (intraobserver):

• New method: ICC = 0.99 → excellent agreement

Reproducibility (interobserver):

• New method: ICC = 0.83 → high agreement
• Traditional method: ICC = 0.52 → moderate agreement

Torsion angle measurements:

• New method avg: 16.00° ± 8.77
• Traditional method avg: 8.76° ± 4.92

Conclusion: The new method is more repeatable, reproducible, and provides higher torsion values than the traditional Aper method, especially reliable for small-breed dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Overall complication rate was 19.7% (43/218), with most being mild (CSS 1).
• Soft tissue procedures had higher complication rates (26%) than orthopedic procedures (11.6%) (P < 0.01).
• No difference in complication rates between clean, clean-contaminated, and contaminated wounds (P = 0.55).
• No difference in complication rates between labeled use (CCL surgery) and off-label orthopedic procedures (P = 0.21).
• Majority of complications (63%) were mild, resolving without intervention or with topical therapy.
• Severe complications requiring revision surgery were rare (2.3%) and occurred mainly in soft-tissue surgeries.
• Most common complications included SSI (25.6%), dehiscence (16.3%), and seroma (14%).
• Liposomal bupivacaine appears safe for use in broader orthopedic procedures beyond current labeling.

🔍 Key Findings

• FGPP (fluoroscopic-guided percutaneous pinning) resulted in successful healing in 10/13 fractures, with good limb function.
• Complications occurred in 5 of 11 cases, including intra-articular implants, malunion, implant failure/nonunion, and implant migration.
• Cases with delayed surgery (>15 days) or radiographic remodeling were more likely to experience major complications.
• Most fractures (10/13) were classified as Salter-Harris type I with mild displacement.
• Median surgical time was 60 minutes, and no conversions to open surgery were needed.
• Postoperative femoral neck resorption was minimal, suggesting possible benefits of the minimally invasive approach for preserving vascular supply.
• One intra-articular pin led to progressive joint disease and required femoral head ostectomy.
• FGPP appears best suited for acute, minimally displaced fractures in young dogs (<8 months) with planned elective explant to avoid growth disturbance.

🔍 Key Findings

• m-TTT yielded a low overall major complication rate (4.3%) and minor complication rate of 15%, consistent with or better than previous techniques.
• Patellar reluxation occurred in only 4.3% of stifles, with high-grade reluxation seen in just 0.6% of cases—lower than the 12.4–21% range reported for other techniques.
• Implant migration rate was 3.7%, lower than previously reported for smooth pin fixation (7.7–24.6%).
• Use of a tension band with single Steinmann and Kirschner wire reduced stress risers and fixation failure, supporting better stability.
• Tibial tuberosity fracture occurred in only 1.3% of cases, lower than the 1–6% seen in other reports.
• All long-term major complications (1.3%) were related to pin migration, but were easily resolved.
• Radiographic follow-up confirmed complete bone healing in all examined cases, even up to 9 years postoperatively.
• Owner satisfaction was 100%, and 95% rated quality of life as good to excellent based on CBPI surveys.

🔍 Key Findings

• PCCLm resulted in significantly fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs compared to OC (13.0% vs 60.9%, p <.001).
• Incomplete urolith removal was not significantly different between PCCLm and OC (11.4% vs 20%, p = .112).
• PCCLm had significantly shorter anesthesia times than OC when no concurrent procedures were performed (97.5 vs 120 min, p < .001).
• Surgical site infection/inflammation (SSII) rates were low and not significantly different between groups (4.5% PCCLm vs 1.8% OC).
• Dogs undergoing PCCLm were more frequently discharged same-day (84.7% vs 0% in OC), reflecting faster recovery.
• PCCLm had higher intraoperative complication rates (22.1% vs 3.4%), mostly due to incision extension or conversions.
• Time to additional surgery for urolith recurrence was longer in PCCLm dogs (24 vs 11.5 months, p = .004).
• Calcium oxalate uroliths were more prevalent in PCCLm cases, while OC had more struvite or mixed types.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 3 dogs developed permanent fibular nerve dysfunction following TPLO
• Common findings:
  • Drill hole or screw in caudal tibial cortex just distal to osteotomy
  • Caudal malpositioning of TPLO plate (esp. right limb of case 3)
  • Post-op signs: cranial tibial atrophy, knuckling, exaggerated gait, no hock flexion
• One case had confirmed deep/superficial fibular neuropathy via electrodiagnostics
• Recommended prevention: avoid overly caudal drill paths; careful gait assessment at follow-up is key