Your Custom Quiz
In Giansetto 2022 et al., on preputial urethrostomy, what complication was observed in 2 out of 4 dogs following the procedure?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified preputial urethrostomy without penile amputation was successfully performed in 4 male dogs with urethral stenosis or trauma.
- The technique involved anastomosis of the pelvic urethra to the preputial mucosa via caudal celiotomy, avoiding perineal urethrostomy complications.
- No cases of skin scalding or stoma stenosis were reported during short- and long-term follow-up.
- Two dogs developed mild urinary incontinence, particularly when excited; one improved with phenylpropanolamine.
- The approach preserved local anatomy, avoiding penile amputation, osteotomies, and preputial dissection.
- Postoperative urinary catheterization was used to protect the anastomosis, although optimal duration remains debated.
- Surgical access via the linea alba minimized tension at the anastomosis site and avoided complications from paramedian approaches.
- This technique may serve as a viable alternative to prepubic urethrostomy, reducing urine-related skin complications and improving cosmetic outcome.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Preputial urethrostomy with preservation of the local anatomy in 4 dogs
2022-8-VS-giansetto-2
In Peterson 2022 et al., on crescent guide in TPLO, what is a noted **limitation** of the crescent guide compared to a standard TPLO jig?
🔍 Key Findings
- Crescent guide use resulted in significantly less medial cortical damage (mean 3.8 mm²) than the radial saw guide (35.7 mm²) and standard jig (51.3 mm²) in bone models.
- No significant difference in osteotomy accuracy (distance of eccentricity, coronal or axial angulation) among crescent guide, radial guide, or standard jig in either bone models or cadavers.
- Device application time was shortest with the crescent guide and longest for the radial saw guide.
- Osteotomy time was fastest with the crescent guide compared to the radial saw guide (P = .015).
- Participants rated the crescent guide easier to apply than both the radial saw guide (P < .005) and the standard jig (P = .015).
- 5 of 6 novice participants preferred the crescent guide over the other devices for performing TPLO.
- Subjective ease of osteotomy performance was higher with the crescent guide vs. radial guide (P < .001).
- Crescent guide does not assist in fragment stabilization or plateau rotation unlike a standard TPLO jig.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Evaluation of a crescent saw guide for tibial plateau‐leveling osteotomy: An ex vivo study
2022-3-VS-peterson-5
In Morgera 2022 et al., on stifle surgery draping methods, which of the following was true regarding anesthesia duration between groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- No significant difference in infection-inflammation rates between single-layer Kraton drapes and traditional double-layer draping at both 21 days and 6 months postop.
- Infection-inflammation occurred in 4.56% (36/789) of cases; equally distributed across draping techniques.
- Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) was the most common procedure (61%).
- Kraton drape features an elastic fenestration that seals without adhesives or towel clamps, offering ecological and workflow advantages.
- Mean anesthesia duration was similar between groups (~73.8 min), suggesting draping method did not impact overall surgical time.
- Culture confirmation of infection was low (14 dogs), showing reliance on clinical criteria for diagnosis.
- Potential benefits of single-layer draping include reduced waste, no need for towel clamps, and ease of use without increased risk.
- Limitations included subjective follow-up (nearly 30% indirect via phone/images) and antimicrobial usage in all cases.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Surgical site infection‐inflammation in dogs draped with a single‐layer Kraton elastic seal extremity drape for stifle surgery
2022-3-VS-morgera-5
In Kikuchi 2025 et al., on arthroscopic MMI in toy breeds, what was the overall incidence of medial meniscus injury (MMI) in dogs with CrCLR?
🔍 Key Findings
- Medial meniscus injury (MMI) occurred in 36.3% of stifles with CrCLR in toy breed dogs (<5 kg)
- Complete CrCLR was significantly associated with MMI (15.3% of complete vs. 3.4% of partial)
- Severe lameness (grade 3) increased the likelihood of MMI compared to mild lameness (grade 1)
- Higher body weight, even within the toy breed range, was positively associated with MMI
- Yorkshire Terriers had the highest MMI incidence (55.6%), but this was not a significant independent factor due to multicollinearity
- Arthroscopy identified more meniscal damage (including small radial tears and bucket-handle lesions) than gross examination might detect
- MMI was classified as mild (radial tear) or severe (bucket-handle or flap) with implications for partial meniscectomy
- Arthroscopy was used in all cases, underscoring its utility in small-breed stifle assessment
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
5
2025
Incidence of Medial Meniscus Injury Detected by Arthroscopy in Toy Breed Dogs
2025-5-VCOT-kikuchi-1
In Thompson 2024 et al., on cyanoacrylate enterotomy sealants, how did the maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP) compare between the handsewn (HSE) and HS + CE groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- Highest initial leak pressure (ILP) observed in the handsewn + cyanoacrylate (HS + CE) group: 83.3 ± 4.6 mmHg (p < .001 vs. others).
- Lowest ILP: cyanoacrylate-only group (CE): 18.6 ± 3.5 mmHg.
- No significant MIP difference between handsewn (HSE) and HS + CE groups (p = .19); CE had significantly lower MIP (22.7 mmHg).
- Leak location:
- HSE: 60% from suture holes
- CE: 100% from incisional line
- HS + CE: 60% from incisional line, 40% from suture holes
- Authors conclude cyanoacrylate augmentation significantly increases ILP and could reduce enterotomy leakage risk.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Effects of cyanoacrylate on leakage pressures of cooled canine cadaveric jejunal enterotomies
2024-2-VS-thompson-3
In Takagi 2022 et al., on hepatic venous anatomy, how frequently did the papillary process drain into the caudal vena cava rather than the left hepatic vein?
🔍 Key Findings
- Hepatic venous drainage patterns vary widely across all lobes, especially the left lateral lobe.
- Right lateral lobe had a median of 2 vessels draining directly into the caudal vena cava (CVC); range: 1–4.
- Caudate process of caudate lobe had the most variability: 1–5 vessels draining into the CVC; 2 vessels was most common (54.5%).
- Left lateral lobe drained via 2–8 veins into the left hepatic vein (LHV), with 3 veins most common (31.2%).
- Left medial lobe typically had 1 vein draining into the LHV (61% of dogs).
- Papillary process drained into the LHV in 93.5% of cases; 6.5% drained directly to the CVC.
- Quadrate lobe always had 1 vessel draining either directly to the CVC or via the LHV.
- CTA revealed more variations than previously described in plastinated or cadaveric studies, highlighting its superior value in surgical planning.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Computed angiographic variations in hepatic venous vasculature in dogs
2022-4-VS-takagi-4
In Parlier 2024 et al., on insufflation effects on portal pressure in dogs, what was the average portal pressure increase per mmHg insufflation pressure?
🔍 Key Findings
- Portal pressure increased proportionally with insufflation pressure: 38% at 6 mmHg, 95% at 10 mmHg, and 175% at 14 mmHg.
- Exponential model: average increase of 7.45% per mmHg of insufflation pressure (CI: 4.7–10.2%).
- No systemic hemodynamic adverse effects were observed; MAP remained >60 mmHg throughout.
- Portal hypertension threshold (15 mmHg) predicted at ~6.4 mmHg insufflation pressure.
- No statistical impact from patient weight, pressure-to-weight ratio, or order of insufflation rounds.
- Measurement technique was feasible and safe, with only minor challenges (e.g., catheter kinking).
- The study supports use of the lowest insufflation pressure needed for visualization to avoid portal hypertension.
- Baseline portal pressures returned after desufflation, supporting comparison pre- and post-attenuation.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Prospective, randomized, clinical trial on the effects of laparoscopic insufflation pressures on portal pressures in dogs
2024-4-VS-parlier-1
In Schroeder 2022 et al., on fascial anatomy mapping, what is a key challenge of using cutaneous trunci as a deep margin?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fascial planes in dogs were consistently classifiable into four surgical types:
- Type I (discrete sheets), Type II (tightly adhered to thin muscle), Type III (tightly adhered to thick muscle), and Type IV (periosteum-associated).
- Two junction types were identified: Type A (easily elevated) and Type B (higher risk of disruption).
- Disruption-prone areas include the scapular spine (type IV fascia) and lateral thorax near the 13th rib, where rib resection may be needed to preserve margins.
- The latissimus dorsi transition zones and fascial areas near the thoracic inlet and scapulohumeral joint were prone to fascial thinning or disruption.
- Partial muscle resections or periosteal elevations may be required in areas with fragile fascia to maintain oncologic margins.
- Dorsal spinous processes (T6–L6) showed type IV fascia; however, osteotomy may be needed in some dogs for clear margins.
- Blended fascial transitions (e.g., rectus abdominis: type II cranially, type I caudally) necessitate intraoperative judgment on resection depth.
- Cutaneous trunci may suffice as a deep margin for small, low-grade tumors in well-muscled dogs, but not reliably for high-grade or larger masses.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Fascial plane mapping for superficial tumor resection in dogs. Part I: Neck and trunk
2022-1-VS-schroeder-4
In Schmutterer 2024 et al., what was concluded regarding femorotibial kinematics when changing flexion angles?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Biomechanical study on 14 hindlimbs from Retrievers (cadaveric)
- Three stifle flexion angles tested: 125°, 135°, and 145°
- Contact Force Ratio (CFR) was significantly higher at 125° and 135° than at 145° (p < 0.001)
- Center of force shifted caudally with increasing flexion — especially in medial meniscus
- Lateral meniscus peak pressure was significantly higher at 125° than 145° (p = 0.049)
- Mean pressures on lateral meniscus decreased with extension, while medial meniscus pressure remained constant
- Relevance: Helps interpret meniscal load in early cruciate disease and in surgical modeling
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
3
2024
Evaluation of Meniscal Load and Load Distribution in the Sound Canine Stifle at Different Angles of Flexion
2024-3-VCOT-schmutterer-5
In McNamara 2022 et al., on transoral endoscopic arytenopexy, which of the following best describes the tissue fixation performed during TEA?
🔍 Key Findings
- TEA significantly increased the rima glottis area (RGA) from a mean of 0.52 cm³ to 0.78 cm³ (p < .0001)
- Mean RGA increased by 157%, equivalent to an 84% estimated decrease in airway resistance
- LEGS (laryngeal epiglottic-glottic seal) remained intact in all cadavers post-procedure, indicating maintained airway protection
- TEA was technically feasible in all 15 cadaveric dogs using a custom endoscopic gag port (EGP)
- TEA avoids cervical dissection, potentially reducing surgical trauma and risks compared to UAL (unilateral arytenoid lateralization)
- Compared to UAL, TEA showed slightly less RGA increase, but greater LEGS preservation, potentially reducing aspiration risk
- No cartilage was included in sutures; arytenopexy involved soft tissue fixation to pharyngeal wall across the piriform recess
- Cadaver model limitations include inability to assess functional outcomes like swallowing and respiratory motion impact
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Description and evaluation of a novel transoral endoscopic arytenopexy in canine cadavers
2022-7-VS-mcnamara-3
Quiz Results
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Key Findings