🔍 Key Findings

• Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (TD to AV) was successfully performed in all 8 feline cadavers using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC).
• Anastomotic patency was confirmed intraoperatively and postoperatively in 7/8 cats via contrast lymphography or retrograde venography.
• Dissection and anastomosis took a median of 120 minutes, with minimal technical complications.
• A 1.5 mm MAC was used in 6 cats, and a 2.0 mm in 2 cats; TD diameter ranged 1.0–1.5 mm, AV up to 2.25 mm.
• Challenges included vessel twisting and luminal patency issues, resolved intraoperatively with minor adjustments (e.g., repeat pinning, tacking suture).
• MAC use eliminated need for hand-suturing, lowering skill demands but requiring precise alignment.
• Technique provides direct lymphatic-to-venous drainage, potentially reducing the stimulus for collateral vessel formation.
• May serve as a future treatment option for feline idiopathic chylothorax, warranting further in vivo studies.

🔍 Key Findings

• No infections (0/102) occurred in cases where preclosure povidone-iodine lavage (PrePIL) was used, compared to 21/2111 (0.99%) with saline lavage.
• Break-even cost for PrePIL was calculated at $49.74, while the actual cost was only $2.07, confirming strong cost-effectiveness.
• No adverse reactions or healing complications were reported in the 102 PrePIL cases.
• The PrePIL protocol used 0.35% povidone-iodine for 3 minutes before closure, followed by sterile saline lavage.
• Majority of THRs (97%) used cementless fixation (BFX) in PrePIL group; only 3 cases used CFX components.
• Surgeries followed consistent perioperative antibiotic protocols, making PrePIL the only major protocol variable.
• Antibiotics were not added to lavage, aligning with WHO and CDC guidelines for antimicrobial stewardship.
• The infection reduction with PrePIL supports routine use in total hip replacement to reduce periprosthetic joint infections.

🔍 Key Findings

Objective: Determine if topical 45 mg/mL amikacin in CMC gel leads to systemic absorption in dogs with wounds.

Dogs enrolled: 11 client-owned dogs, with 31 applications of the gel.

Serum findings:

• Only 5 of 153 samples were above the 2.5 µg/mL quantification limit
• All values remained <5 µg/mL, the presumed toxicity threshold
• No correlation was found between dose-related parameters (mg, mg/kg, mg/cm²) and serum amikacin levels

Peak concentrations were observed at ~2 hours post-application, declining rapidly thereafter

No nephrotoxicity observed, and most values were below detection

Conclusion: Topical amikacin gel appears safe at doses up to 24.9 mg/kg, with minimal systemic absorption

🔍 Key Findings

• Cricoarytenoid lateralization (CAL) resulted in a significantly greater increase in rima glottidis area at both immediate (205%) and 15-day (199%) time points compared to thyroarytenoid lateralization (TAL) (152% and 127%, respectively).
• TAL group showed a significant reduction in rima glottidis area between immediate and 15-day postoperative measurements (P < .05), while CAL group had no significant reduction over time.
• No dogs in either group showed postoperative complications, including aspiration pneumonia, at the 15-day follow-up.
• All dogs showed improved clinical signs, including decreased stridor and increased exercise tolerance by day 15.
• CAL produced more stable postoperative glottic area, potentially due to preserved anatomical tension, whereas TAL might experience tension loss due to thyroid cartilage repositioning.
• Both procedures were technically effective and performed under the same protocol by a single board-certified surgeon.
• Endoscopic image analysis was used to quantify rima glottidis area, demonstrating a reliable objective method for surgical outcome assessment.
• Clinical outcome did not differ between groups, despite CAL showing a larger rima glottidis area.

🔍 Key Findings

• Population: 16 dogs (27 tibias), TPA >34°
• Techniques analyzed:
  • Group A: CBLO + CCWO
  • Group B: TPLO + CCWO
  • Group C: mCCWO
  • Group D: PTNWO
• Outcomes:
  • All groups achieved post-correction TPA < 14°.
  • Group A: Slight over-correction (mean TPA 10.47°); greatest mechanical axis shift.
  • Group B: Tibial shortening (~0.58%); least mechanical axis shift.
  • Group C: Lowest post-correction TPA (mean 4.76°); under-correction.
  • Group D: High accuracy, minimal shortening (mean 7.09° post).
• Statistical Significance:
  • Significant differences in tibial length change and mCrDTA (mechanical axis shift) between groups (p <.05).
  • TPA correction accuracy: Group A (1.02), B (0.95), C (0.89), D (0.98).

🔍 Key Findings:

• Design: Ex vivo study with 24 paired limbs from normal beagle dogs.
• Osteotomy types (3 groups):
  1. 30° uniplanar frontal wedge
  2. Oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal)
  3. Single oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal, 30° external rotation)
• Comparison: 3D PSG vs Freehand (FH)
• Main Outcomes:
  • PSG accuracy: Mean angular deviation = 2.8° vs 6.4° in FH (p < .001).
  • 84% of PSG osteotomies were within 5° of target vs 50% of FH.
• Significant improvements with PSG in:
  • Group 1 (uniplanar frontal) proximal and distal frontal planes (p < .001, .006)
  • Group 3 (SOO) frontal and sagittal planes (p = .002, .043)
• Time: PSG faster in complex SOO group (84s vs 162s, p < .001); no difference in others.
• No difference in osteotomy location (mm) between methods.
• Clinical relevance: PSG more consistent and accurate, especially for complex cuts.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Sample: 38 Labrador Retrievers (76 elbows)
• SBCs (subchondral bone cysts):
  • Not found in elbows without OA
• Increased number and size with OA severity:
  • Grade 1: median 3 SBCs
  • Grade 2: 9 SBCs
• Grade 3: 20 SBCs (p < .001)
• Larger SBCs in more severe OA (OR = 1.056, p = .012)
• Locations: 62% humerus, 28% ulna, 10% radius
• Sex and Age Effects:
  • Older dogs had larger SBCs (p = .013)
  • Female dogs had smaller SBCs (p = .002)
  • SBC number unrelated to age or sex

🔍 Key Findings

• Proximal Tibia Metatarsal Angle (PTMTA) was significantly increased in dogs with grade 3 and 4 MPL, making it a useful marker for severity.
• PTMTA strongly correlated with Tibial Torsion Angle (TTA) (r = 0.733) and Crural Rotation Angle (CRA) (r = 0.643), integrating multiple morphological deformities.
• Grade 4 MPL cases showed significant internal tibial torsion, increased mMPTA, and decreased MDTT/PTW—indicating both rotation and medial displacement.
• DTMTA was significantly more negative in grade 4, indicating a consistent pattern of internal foot rotation with disease severity.
• PTMTA can be visually assessed during palpation, offering preoperative utility without CT.
• Among toy poodles, PTMTA showed significant differences even between grades 3 and normal, suggesting breed-specific severity patterns.
• Corrective osteotomy may need to address tibial as well as femoral deformities in severe MPL cases with high PTMTA.
• Younger dogs with grade 4 MPL had more severe deformities, possibly due to early onset or developmental progression.

🔍 Key Findings

• Fluoroscopy-guided osteotomy placement achieved a median postoperative TPA of 3° (range: 0–4.5°), showing excellent accuracy.
• The D1 measurement (from patellar ligament insertion to osteotomy exit) was more reproducible and accurate intraoperatively than D2.
• Median R1 value (D1-based) matched the intended 21 mm radius with only 0.5 mm deviation, while R2 deviated by 2.5 mm.
• Real-time fluoroscopy allowed dynamic limb positioning and reduced osteotomy placement variability.
• Intraoperative fluoroscopy reduced reliance on preoperative planning, especially in cases with difficult anatomy or positioning.
• Radiation exposure was minimal (avg. 3 images per case) and within safe limits using standard protection protocols.
• Study standardized to 21 mm blades and excluded dogs with developmental orthopedic conditions to reduce confounders.
• Targeting a lower postoperative TPA (3°) may reduce meniscal load and cranio-caudal instability, though long-term outcomes require further study.

🔍 Key Findings

• PCCLm resulted in significantly fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs compared to OC (13.0% vs 60.9%, p <.001).
• Incomplete urolith removal was not significantly different between PCCLm and OC (11.4% vs 20%, p = .112).
• PCCLm had significantly shorter anesthesia times than OC when no concurrent procedures were performed (97.5 vs 120 min, p < .001).
• Surgical site infection/inflammation (SSII) rates were low and not significantly different between groups (4.5% PCCLm vs 1.8% OC).
• Dogs undergoing PCCLm were more frequently discharged same-day (84.7% vs 0% in OC), reflecting faster recovery.
• PCCLm had higher intraoperative complication rates (22.1% vs 3.4%), mostly due to incision extension or conversions.
• Time to additional surgery for urolith recurrence was longer in PCCLm dogs (24 vs 11.5 months, p = .004).
• Calcium oxalate uroliths were more prevalent in PCCLm cases, while OC had more struvite or mixed types.