Your Custom Quiz
In Azuma 2024 et al., on 3D vs 2D laparoscopy, what was the median length of cystic duct stump left distal to the first endoclip?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D laparoscopy significantly reduced time to first endoclip placement compared to 2D (median 76 vs. 238 seconds, p = .016).
- Total surgical time was not significantly different between 3D and 2D groups.
- No differences were observed in intraoperative complications such as cystic duct injury, clip dislodgment, or gallbladder perforation.
- Cystic duct stump length was comparable between groups (median 2.5 mm).
- Liver parenchyma attachment severity did not differ significantly between 2D and 3D groups.
- All procedures were performed by an experienced surgeon, potentially reducing the benefit seen with 3D visualization.
- No conversions to open surgery occurred, and no intraoperative complications were reported.
- The study suggests 3D laparoscopy may aid less experienced surgeons due to enhanced depth perception.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional laparoscopy for cholecystectomy in a canine cadaveric study
2024-4-VS-azuma-4
In Wood 2024 et al., on knot security and locking throws, which suture material showed greater holding strength?
🔍 Key Findings
- Adding a single locking throw significantly increased holding security for specific knots, including the surgeon's throw (p = .0001) and square throw (p = .0002).
- For the Miller's throw (p = .166) and strangle throw (p = .808), no significant improvement was observed with a locking throw.
- After locking throw addition, all five knots leaked at similar pressures (p = .5233), and these pressures exceeded physiologic arterial pressures.
- Surgeon's throw without a locking throw had the lowest leak pressure (62.5 ± 46.2 mm Hg), below physiologic arterial values.
- The square throw without locking also leaked below physiologic pressures (148.7 ± 109.4 mm Hg), though it outperformed the surgeon's throw.
- Miller’s and strangle throws performed significantly better than square or surgeon’s throws without locking, achieving leak pressures >200 mm Hg.
- All knots used 2-0 polyglyconate monofilament (Maxon); no comparisons across suture types or sizes were performed.
- Authors concluded that correct tensioning and locking throw addition are key to safe vascular ligation. Miller’s, strangle, or slip knots are preferred for challenging surgical fields.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Influence of a single locking throw on the in vitro holding security of five friction knots using two monofilament suture materials in a canine model
2024-4-VS-wood-4
In Gomes 2025 et al., on subdural shunting for TL-AD, what was the significant long-term outcome of SDS placement compared to durotomy alone?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified subdural shunt (SDS) placement was adapted from prior techniques using a hemilaminectomy approach and no suturing of the dura or shunt.
- Dogs receiving SDS had significantly better long-term outcomes (85.7% improved) compared to those with durotomy alone (41.7%).
- Recurrence rate was lower in the SDS group (14.3%) than control (41.7%), though not statistically significant.
- Most recurrences occurred in Pugs (5/7), suggesting a breed predisposition.
- Shunt size was limited to 25% of spinal cord diameter, typically 3–3.5 Fr.
- CSF flow through the shunt was confirmed intraoperatively, supporting the role of SDS in maintaining flow and possibly preventing recurrence.
- Immediate postoperative outcomes were not different between groups (≈42% deteriorated), but long-term recovery was better with SDS.
- Steroid use pre-surgery did not correlate with improved outcome; fewer SDS dogs received steroids pre-op.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Post‐surgical outcome and recurrence rates in thoracolumbar arachnoid diverticula undergoing durotomy alone or alongside a modified technique of subdural shunt-placement in dogs
2025-5-VS-gomes-2
In Petchell 2025 et al., on CORA-based CCWO, which of the following methods showed the least variability in postoperative outcomes across all breeds?
🔍 Key Findings
- The CORA-based cranial closing wedge ostectomy (CCWOCORA) consistently achieved the target postoperative TPA of 5° across all tibial morphologies.
- CCWOCORA produced significantly less variability in postoperative TPA compared to other methods (TPA range: 5.00–5.00°; p < .001).
- Mechanical axis advancement (MAA) was precisely controlled at 3° in CCWOCORA, leading to greater surgical predictability.
- Other techniques (e.g., CCWOTPA, CCWOTPA–5, CCWOISO) showed greater variance in TPA, MAA, and tibial length.
- In small-breed dogs, increasing the MAA from 3° to 5° did not affect TPA outcomes, but increased proximal bone stock, improving feasibility.
- Wedge angles and tibial length changes varied by method, but CCWOCORA maintained length better than TPA-based methods.
- The technique allows preoperative planning of both desired MAA and TPA, enhancing predictability and customization.
- CORA methodology enables precise geometric correction and alignment of mechanical axes, reducing reliance on trial-and-error alignment.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
An in silico comparison of a novel CORA-based cranial closing wedge ostectomy methodology with three other techniques
2025-7-VS-petchell-4
In Nicolas 2024 et al., what surgical technique was used to decompress the foramen at T1–2?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- The lateral approach via scapular osteotomy allowed safe access to the T1-2 foramen in a French Bulldog with foraminal disc extrusion.
- A mini-hemilaminectomy was performed, preserving articular facets.
- The dog had no neurologic deficits postoperatively, returned to ambulation within 24 hours, and was discharged in 3 days.
- At 10 months, CT confirmed excellent scapular healing and no recurrence.
- Double 2.4-mm locking plates provided stable fixation across the scapular spine.
- The technique avoided thoracic entry or dorsal spine dissection, suggesting a less invasive alternative for select T1-2 foraminal cases.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Scapular Osteotomy for Lateral Access to a T1-2 Foraminal Disc Extrusion, Treated by Mini-Hemilaminectomy in a Dog
2024-2-VCOT-nicolas-5
In McKay 2023 et al., on patellar tendon augmentation, which augmentation group had the **lowest frequency of 3 mm gap formation**?
2023-8-VS-mckay-3
In Nash 2024 et al., on GER frequency, what was the upper reference limit for distal GER events per hour?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Population: 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing orthopedic procedures (TPLO)
- Study design: Prospective observational using transnasal Digitrapper dual-sensor pH probe after short TIVA
- Upper reference limits:
- Distal GER events per hour: 2.4
- Proximal GER events per hour: 0.4
- Cumulative distal acid exposure: 2.3%
- Cumulative proximal acid exposure: 0%
- Median values (normal):
- Distal GER events per hour: 0.3
- Proximal GER events per hour: 0
- Proximal GER observed in 12/31 dogs
- No regurgitation observed in any dog
- No major adverse events with probe use
- Clinical implication: These parameters provide a reference for assessing excessive GER in future canine surgical cases
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
Esophageal pH‐monitoring in nonbrachycephalic dogs; a reference
2024-1-VS-nash-1
In Bondonny 2024 et al., how did the growth plate appear on radiographs at 6–8 weeks in most cases?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Retrospective study of 33 fractures in 31 cats with Salter–Harris I or II distal femoral fractures
- Used 1 intramedullary Steinmann pin + 1 laterally placed antirotational pin
- 96.9% achieved full functional outcome at mid-term follow-up
- No implant migration or removal required
- Minor complications: 2 seromas; Major: 3 (patellar luxation [2], osteomyelitis [1])
- Growth plate remained open in 27.3% of cases at 6–8 weeks post-op
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Use of a Modified Intramedullary Pinning Technique for Distal Femoral Physeal Salter–Harris Type I and II Fracture Management
2024-2-VCOT-bondonny-5
In Cheon 2025 et al., on guide accuracy in DFO, what was the overall mean angular correction error found using both patient-specific and universal guides?
🔍 Key Findings
- Both patient-specific and universal guides yielded correction errors <2°, with no statistically significant difference in accuracy.
- Universal guide corrected aLDFA up to 24° and AA up to 20°, addressing multiplanar deformities effectively.
- Patient-specific guides allowed for preoperative simulation, providing more stable pin placement and potentially aiding less-experienced surgeons.
- Universal guide eliminated the need for CT-based customization, reducing time and cost.
- Cadaver and bone model trials showed consistent accuracy, validating both methods in vitro and ex vivo.
- No significant differences in outcome when correcting uniplanar (aLDFA) vs biplanar (aLDFA + AA) deformities.
- Universal guide's fixed size presented limitations in small dogs, potentially requiring multiple size options.
- Universal guide showed potential for standard use, offering repeatable outcomes with minimal prep despite needing precise intraoperative placement.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Comparing the Accuracy of Patient-Specific Guide and Universal Guide for Distal Femoral Osteotomy in Dogs
2025-3-VCOT-cheon-1
In Espinel Rupérez 2023 et al., on hip toggle stabilization, which intraoperative complication occurred most frequently?
🔍 Key Findings
- Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization (AA-HTS) was successfully completed in all 14 feline cadaver joints.
- Femoral and acetabular tunnel creation was feasible in all cases, though femoral tunnel placement had a higher rate of deviations.
- Intraoperative complications occurred in 5/14 joints, mostly related to femoral tunnel creation and toggle lodging.
- Minor articular cartilage injury (<10% total cartilage area) occurred in 10/14 joints, but no injury to neurovascular or intrapelvic structures.
- Thirteen surgical technique deviations (8 major, 5 minor) were identified in 7 joints, all involving the femoral tunnel.
- Toggle passage through the femoral tunnel was the most challenging step, being mildly difficult in 6 joints.
- Postoperative CT and gross dissection confirmed all toggles and buttons were in correct position, without damage to major surrounding structures.
- No deviations, complications, or cartilage injuries occurred in the last 4 joints, suggesting a learning curve effect.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats: An ex vivo feasibility study
2023-6-VS-espinel-1
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings