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In Sandoval 2024 et al., on lung lobectomy technique outcomes, how many lobectomies per group are needed for a superiority study comparing SLL and stapler?
🔍 Key Findings
- Intra- and postoperative complications occurred only in stapled lobectomies, but the difference was not statistically significant (intra: p = .069, post: p = .112).
- Intraoperative hemorrhage was the most common complication (11.8%), followed by air leakage (2%).
- All self-ligating loop (SLL) lobectomies had zero complications (n=18), though the sample was small.
- Postoperative complications included 4 catastrophic events (cardiopulmonary arrest), all in stapled cases.
- Lung lobectomy technique was not associated with duration of chest tube use, hospitalization, or survival (p > .05).
- 94.3% of patients survived to discharge (82/87).
- SLLs are lower-cost and may be more feasible for thoracoscopic/minimally invasive approaches due to smaller port size (5mm vs. 12mm for staplers).
- A future superiority study would need ≥103 lobectomies per group to assess differences in complication rates.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Short‐term outcomes of dogs and cats undergoing lung lobectomy using either a self-ligating loop or a thoracoabdominal stapler
2024-7-VS-sandoval-5
In Aldrich 2023 et al., on liposomal bupivacaine in TPLO, what was the reported correlation between CMPS-SF scores and %BWdist?
🔍 Key Findings
- Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) infiltration did not reduce the need for rescue analgesia compared with placebo in dogs undergoing TPLO.
- CMPS-SF pain scores were not significantly different between LB and placebo groups at any postoperative time point.
- % body weight distribution (%BWdist) to the operated limb did not differ significantly between treatment groups across all time points.
- No correlation was found between CMPS-SF scores and %BWdist, suggesting these metrics assess different aspects of postoperative pain.
- Postoperative carprofen administration was standardized, and LB did not provide additional detectable analgesic benefit.
- Three-layer infiltration technique (joint capsule, fascia, subcutis) was used consistently across all cases.
- Adverse events were minor and comparable between LB and placebo groups.
- Post hoc analysis suggested a much larger sample size (58–436 dogs) would be needed to detect significant differences in %BWdist.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
Blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of bupivacaine liposomal suspension using static bodyweight distribution and subjective pain scoring in dogs after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy surgery
2023-5-VS-aldrich-4
In Schneider 2025 et al., on axillary LN extirpation, what was a key reason cited for not performing FNA of sentinel ALNs before surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lateral approach to ALN extirpation was successful in 100% of cases (44 dogs, 48 ALNs) with consistent anatomical landmarks (costochondral junction of rib 1 and caudal scapular edge).
- Median time for ALN removal was 16.6 minutes, highlighting a fast and efficient dissection method.
- No intraoperative complications were recorded (e.g., hemorrhage or inability to find the lymph node).
- Postoperative complications occurred in 18% of cases, including seromas (n=2), wound dehiscence (n=4), lameness (n=1), and discomfort (n=1).
- Histopathology revealed 56% of ALNs had tumor-related pathology, including overt metastases, early metastasis (HN2), or premetastatic changes (HN1).
- Normal-sized ALNs (<2 cm) still harbored metastases in 22% of cases, emphasizing the unreliability of size as a staging criterion.
- False negatives in cytology occurred in 4 cases, underlining the limitations of cytologic evaluation for staging.
- The technique was reproducible without specialized tools, suggesting wide applicability in general and referral practice.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Axillary lymph node removal for staging cancer; description of a lateral approach and application in 44 tumor-bearing dogs
2025-6-VS-schneider-4
In Kennedy 2024 et al., which portal had the highest rate of articular cartilage injury?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 20 shoulders from 11 medium-to-large breed dogs evaluated
- Lateral portals used: middle arthroscopic, caudal instrument, cranial egress
- Musculotendinous lesions unavoidable, but small (18G needle); seen in deltoideus (90%), infraspinatus, teres minor, etc.
- Neurovascular safety:
- Caudal portal was closest to axillary artery/nerve branches (as close as 7 mm)
- Only 2/20 shoulders (10%) had omobrachial vein penetrated
- Cartilage injuries (IACI) occurred in 65%, primarily minor linear defects; use of guarded cannulas and distractors suggested for minimization
- Supports overall safety of lateral shoulder arthroscopy with portal placement awareness
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Evaluation of Canine Shoulder Arthroscopy for Anatomical and Safety Considerations
2024-4-VCOT-kennedy-2
In Lin 2025 et al., on surgical approaches to the radius, what was the main neurovascular difference noted between CLA and CMA?
🔍 Key Findings
- Craniolateral approach (CLA) exposed significantly more radial surface area than craniomedial approach (CMA) (19.4 cm² vs. 13.8 cm²; p = 0.01).
- Proximal width of exposure was greater in CLA, especially at 12.5% length (P2 level, p = 0.016), aiding plate placement.
- No significant difference in exposed bone length between approaches.
- CLA avoided major neurovascular structures, making dissection cleaner and safer proximally.
- CMA consistently encountered median nerve/artery/vein, complicating proximal exposure.
- CLA allowed better access to proximal radius for locking plate application, which may benefit MIPO techniques.
- CLA also enables ulna fixation via the same incision, whereas CMA requires a separate skin incision.
- Anatomical tilt of the proximal cranial surface favored CLA, requiring less plate contouring than CMA for proper fit.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Does the Craniolateral Approach Provide Better Exposure to the Radius than the Craniomedial Approach for Internal Fracture Fixation in Dogs?
2025-3-VCOT-lin-2
In Moreira 2024 et al., what TPA was targeted across all models?
2024-1-VS-moreira-3
In Spies 2024 et al., on EHPSS in large dogs, what proportion of surviving surgically treated dogs were completely weaned off medical management?
🔍 Key Findings
- 63 dogs ≥15 kg with single EHPSS were reviewed.
- Most common breeds: Golden Retriever (28.6%), mixed breed (20.6%).
- Most common shunt types: splenocaval (25.4%) and portocaval (25.4%).
- 45 dogs received surgical attenuation; 18 were medically managed.
- 6.7% (3/45) of surgically treated dogs died due to shunt-related complications; 22.2% (4/18) of medically managed dogs died.
- Hypoplastic portal vein was noted in 52.9% of dogs where portal anatomy was described.
- 37.5% of surviving attenuated dogs were weaned off all medical management.
- Attenuated dogs had higher 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates (89%, 77%, 77%) than nonattenuated dogs (82%, 49%, 24%).
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Clinical presentation and short‐term outcomes of dogs ≥15 kg with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts
2024-2-VS-spies-4
In Ciammaichella 2025 et al., on lymphadenectomy complications, what was the most common type of postoperative complication observed?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ilio-sacral lymphadenectomy had the highest complication rates: intraoperative (7%) and postoperative (41%)
- Axillary lymphadenectomy showed the lowest complication rates: intraoperative (1%) and postoperative (16%)
- Enlarged or metastatic lymph nodes were significantly associated with intraoperative complications (p = .030)
- Postoperative complications were mostly minor (Grade 1) and self-limiting (seromas, edema)
- Medial retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy had intermediate complication rates: postoperative complications in 26%
- No significant predictors retained significance in multivariate analysis
- Use of methylene blue was associated with fewer complications, although not statistically significant
- Complication rates did not result in mortality, and all were manageable; MST was 374 days
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Complications of medial retropharyngeal, axillary, and ilio-sacral lymphadenectomy in 127 dogs with malignant tumors
2025-7-VS-ciammaichella-4
In Walker 2022 et al., on TPLO mRUST scoring, which metric demonstrated the highest inter-rater reliability?
🔍 Key Findings
- TPLO mRUST scoring showed improved inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.56) compared to subjective evaluation (Kappa = 0.33).
- Intra-rater reliability was similar for both methods (TPLO mRUST: 0.73, subjective: 0.72).
- TPLO mRUST scores ≥10/12 strongly correlated with radiographic union, as subjectively assessed (99% agreement).
- No significant difference in healing between first and second TPLO sides (P = .09), countering assumptions about load-bearing impact.
- Higher initial lameness scores and younger age were associated with higher TPLO mRUST scores, suggesting more robust healing in those groups.
- Postoperative complications were linked to lower TPLO mRUST scores, indicating impaired healing.
- Medial cortex was excluded from scoring due to plate obstruction, validating use of only 3 cortices for scoring.
- The TPLO mRUST system may standardize healing assessment, reducing subjective bias across specialties.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Evaluation of a modified radiographic union scale for tibial fractures scoring system in staged bilateral tibial plateau leveling osteotomy procedures and comparison of first and second side radiographic bone healing
2022-8-VS-walker-1
In Radke 2022 et al., on outcome measure validation, what was the COSMIN justification for not assessing internal consistency in the LOAD instrument?
🔍 Key Findings
- CBPI, COI, and LOAD are recommended for assessing canine osteoarthritis based on COSMIN criteria.
- COI scored highest in development rigor and evidence quality among evaluated OROMs.
- Internal consistency, reliability, and responsiveness were commonly validated, though no OROMs reported measurement error.
- LOAD was considered formative, and internal consistency assessment was deemed unnecessary.
- CBPI and COI showed sufficient internal consistency, but CBPI’s factor structure was inconsistent across studies.
- All 6 evaluated OROMs (CBPI, COI, LOAD, BHSII, HCPI, HVAS) were quick to complete (under 5 min).
- Three tools—BHSII, HCPI, HVAS—need more evidence before recommendation; only CBPI, COI, and LOAD are Category A (recommended).
- Future studies should assess interpretability, including measurement error and clinically meaningful change scores (MIC, SDC).
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Evidence‐based evaluation of owner‐reported outcome measures for canine orthopedic care – a COSMIN evaluation of 6 instruments
2022-2-VS-radke-2
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Key Findings