Your Custom Quiz
In Woelfel 2022 et al., on cervical locked facets, which vertebral levels were exclusively affected in this case series?
🔍 Key Findings
- Locked facet injuries in dogs involved unilateral dorsal displacement of the cranial articular process of the caudal vertebra, most commonly at C5/6 or C6/7.
- All affected dogs were small/toy breeds, typically following trauma (most often attacks by larger dogs).
- Neurologic severity ranged from ambulatory tetraparesis to tetraplegia, often with thoracic limb deficits more severe than pelvic limbs — suggesting a central cord syndrome-like pattern.
- CT and MRI revealed axial rotation, subluxation, and articular process displacement; MRI showed T2 hyperintensity, nerve root impingement, and soft tissue changes.
- Surgical treatment included ventral fixation with screws, pins, and PMMA, and one case required dorsal facetectomy for reduction.
- Medical management, including external coaptation or rest, also resulted in functional recovery in select cases.
- All dogs with follow-up data (8/8) had functional recovery, with nonambulatory dogs regaining ambulation in a median of 4 weeks.
- No consistent differences in outcome were observed between surgical and nonsurgical management, suggesting locked facets may be biomechanically stable.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Subaxial cervical articular process subluxation and dislocation: Cervical locked facet injuries in dogs
2022-1-VS-woelfel-1
In Miyagi 2025 et al., on endoscopic laser sphincterotomy, what defined the transition between the intramural and extramural common bile duct (CBD)?
🔍 Key Findings
- Endoscopic-assisted retrograde catheterization (EARC) and laser sphincterotomy were successful in 18/18 cadavers, demonstrating technical feasibility.
- Intramural common bile duct (ICBD) length ranged from 10 to 21 mm (mean 15.8 mm), with no correlation to body weight (r = 0.06, p = .79).
- Transition from ICBD to extramural duct was accurately identified endoscopically in 88% (16/18); transition was heralded by separation of the submucosal layer.
- Partial lateral perforations occurred in 2/18 dogs, only during early learning phase; no leakage was found on open dissection.
- Laser sphincterotomy preserved the pancreatic duct orifice, aided by protective catheter positioning.
- Compared to open duodenotomy, this technique allows for a smaller incision and less manipulation of the pancreas, which may reduce morbidity.
- No adverse events such as intra-abdominal saline egress or full-thickness perforation occurred, and the technique allowed safe access up to 10 mm from the MDP.
- Cadaveric limitations included absence of biliary pathology and inability to evaluate live complications, but the technique shows promise for future live animal trials.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Endoscopic‐assisted laser sphincterotomy of the intramural common bile duct: A cadaveric pilot study
2025-5-VS-miyagi-1
In Nicetto 2024 et al., what was the success rate of patellar luxation correction using TRP?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 48 dogs (60 stifles) underwent custom 3D-printed TRP implantation for patellar luxation
- 24 treated with TRP alone; 36 with additional procedures (e.g., DFO, TTT)
- Success rate: 59/60 corrected patellar tracking
- Functional outcome: 57/60 full function, 2 acceptable, 1 unacceptable
- Complication rate: 3 total (2 minor, 1 major recurrence)
- TRP spares cartilage unlike trochleoplasty, offering implant-based ridge augmentation
- No implant loosening or infection observed
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Trochlear Ridge Prostheses for Reshaping Femoral Trochlear Ridges in Dogs with Patellar Luxation
2024-2-VCOT-nicetto-1
In Danielski 2022 et al., on humero-anconeal incongruity, what role did the novel caudo-medial arthroscope portal play in the study?
🔍 Key Findings
- A novel caudo-medial arthroscopic portal allowed visualization of previously undescribed cartilage lesions on the caudal medial humeral condyle.
- A consistent focal cartilage lesion (HA lesion) was observed in 100% of elbows with HIF (21/21), but in none of the 31 elbows without HIF.
- Lesions varied from indentations to full-thickness cartilage loss, typically elliptical and located just medial to the humeral condyle isthmus.
- A clunk-like sensation and dynamic engagement of the anconeal process into the lesion were observed in 16/21 elbows with HIF during elbow manipulation.
- In 5/21 elbows, engagement of the anconeal process led to observable widening of the HIF line, suggesting dynamic instability.
- Findings support a novel concept of humero-anconeal incongruity as a contributor to the pathogenesis of HIF.
- Spaniel breed was not a confounder—the lesion was only present in elbows with HIF, regardless of breed.
- The study suggests potential for using arthroscopy as a screening tool for early detection of humero-anconeal incongruity and HIF risk.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Humero-anconeal elbow incongruity in spaniel breed dogs with humeral intracondylar fissure: Arthroscopic findings
2022-1-VS-danielski2-5
In Hawker 2024 et al., on checklist attitudes, which implementation strategy was most commonly associated with SSC success?
🔍 Key Findings
- 67.9% of respondents reported using SSCs, with most indicating frequent use (64% used in every surgery).
- 78.7% agreed SSCs reduce complications, and 89.6% believed SSCs improve communication.
- Respondents not using SSCs were more likely to view them as a waste of time (p < .001).
- Forgetfulness (39.6%) and time constraints (36.5%) were leading reasons for checklist noncompletion.
- Only 23.3% had SSC training during surgical residency, with newer diplomates more likely to have had exposure (p < .001).
- Key strategies to improve uptake included: staff feedback modifications (67.9%), formal designation of initiator (48.6%), and training (52.2%).
- Surgeons and OR staff were most commonly identified as noncompliant team members.
- SSC use was more frequent in small animal practices, and mandating SSCs by management was favored but not always effective alone.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Attitudes towards surgical safety checklists among American College of Veterinary Surgeons diplomates
2024-5-VS-hawker-3
In Alvarez-Sanchez 2023 et al., on SLN mapping in canine MCT, how often did the anatomic lymph node (ALN) match the SLN identified by ICTL?
🔍 Key Findings
- Combined ICTL and NIRF detected the same SLN in 80% of cases; each method alone missed sentinel lymph nodes in some dogs.
- ICLT failed in 5% of dogs, while NIRF failed in 20%; combined use resulted in only 5% failure in SLN detection.
- Metastatic lymph nodes were detected in 95% of dogs, despite most tumors being low or intermediate grade (95%).
- 27 of 41 nodes (65.8%) were histologically metastatic (HN2 or HN3), many of which would have been missed using ALN alone.
- ALN matched the SLN in only 45% of cases with ICTL and 30% with NIRF, supporting the need for SLN mapping.
- ICLT and NIRF were complementary, often identifying different SLN, with some only fluorescent or enhanced in one modality.
- Subcutaneous MCT had higher metastatic rates (7/8 dogs) than previously reported, challenging older assumptions about benign behavior.
- Removing both ALN and SLN (from both methods) improved detection of metastasis to 85–95%, reducing risk of understaging.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2023
Comparison of indirect computed tomographic lymphography and near-infrared fluorescence sentinel lymph node mapping for integumentary canine mast cell tumors
2023-3-VS-alvarez-sanchez-3
In David 2024 et al., on single-port cryptorchidectomy, what was the median surgical time for unilateral abdominal cryptorchidectomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Single-port laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy (SP-LAC) was feasible in 13/14 dogs with abdominal cryptorchidism.
- Median surgical time was 17 min for unilateral and 27 min for bilateral cryptorchidectomy.
- All testes were successfully exteriorized through a 15-mm mini-celiotomy in most dogs; only 2 needed slight enlargement.
- One major complication occurred (testicular artery hemorrhage, requiring conversion to open surgery).
- Two minor complications involved trocar-related issues (splenic capsule laceration, capnoretroperitoneum).
- No incisional complications were reported postoperatively; some dogs had mild dermatitis at the clipped site.
- The technique requires only one surgeon and no advanced tools beyond a single-port endoscope.
- Low-pressure capnoperitoneum (6 mmHg) was adequate for visualization in most cases.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Single-port laparoscopic-assisted abdominal cryptorchidectomy in 14 dogs
2024-3-VS-david-1
In Alvarez-Sanchez 2023 et al., on SLN mapping in canine MCT, what percentage of dogs had the same SLN identified by both ICTL and NIRF?
🔍 Key Findings
- Combined ICTL and NIRF detected the same SLN in 80% of cases; each method alone missed sentinel lymph nodes in some dogs.
- ICLT failed in 5% of dogs, while NIRF failed in 20%; combined use resulted in only 5% failure in SLN detection.
- Metastatic lymph nodes were detected in 95% of dogs, despite most tumors being low or intermediate grade (95%).
- 27 of 41 nodes (65.8%) were histologically metastatic (HN2 or HN3), many of which would have been missed using ALN alone.
- ALN matched the SLN in only 45% of cases with ICTL and 30% with NIRF, supporting the need for SLN mapping.
- ICLT and NIRF were complementary, often identifying different SLN, with some only fluorescent or enhanced in one modality.
- Subcutaneous MCT had higher metastatic rates (7/8 dogs) than previously reported, challenging older assumptions about benign behavior.
- Removing both ALN and SLN (from both methods) improved detection of metastasis to 85–95%, reducing risk of understaging.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2023
Comparison of indirect computed tomographic lymphography and near-infrared fluorescence sentinel lymph node mapping for integumentary canine mast cell tumors
2023-3-VS-alvarez-sanchez-1
In Perez Neto 2025 et al., on hip resurfacing arthroplasty, what was the most common site of failure in both groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- In an ex vivo study of 20 canine femur pairs, implantation of a novel hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) prosthesis reduced maximum load (ML) by 22% and load at collapse (LC) by 27% vs. intact controls (p ≤ 0.05).
- Displacement at maximum load (DML), displacement at collapse (DC), and stiffness (k) were not significantly different between prosthesis and control groups.
- Both groups showed similar failure patterns, with 92% failing at the femoral neck.
- All prosthetic femurs still withstood ~6.2× body weight — exceeding estimated in vivo peak loads (~1.64× BW).
- Prosthesis positioning (neutral vs valgus) had no significant effect on biomechanical outcomes.
- Implant design preserved more metaphyseal bone stock than total hip replacement, possibly explaining the smaller load reduction compared to other short-stem prostheses.
- The press-fit cobalt–chromium design with conical stem allowed full contact and stress distribution over the femoral head/neck.
- Authors conclude the device has adequate immediate biomechanical strength for clinical use, though long-term in vivo studies are needed.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
4
2025
Biomechanical Evaluation of a Femoral Implant for Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty in Dogs: An Ex Vivo Study
2025-4-VCOT-perezneto-3
In Viitanen 2023 et al., on zygomatic sialoadenectomy, which dog conformation was associated with higher difficulty in complete gland removal using IOA?
🔍 Key Findings
- Intraoral approach (IOA) reduced surgical time compared to lateral orbitotomy (median: 42.0 vs 65.7 minutes, p = .005)
- Ease of closure (Stage III) was better with IOA (p < .001), though gland removal (Stage II) was easier with LOA (p = .039)
- Complete gland removal was achieved in 8/10 IOA vs 10/10 LOA cases in cadaveric study
- All 3 clinical cases had uneventful recoveries post-IOA, including one carcinoma, with no intra- or short-term postoperative complications
- LOA had superior surgical exposure, but was more invasive and time-consuming
- IOA posed greater difficulty in complete gland removal in brachycephalic dogs, with remnant tissue noted in 2/10 cadavers
- IOA avoids osteotomy, reducing potential complications like delayed union and postoperative pain
- Cosmetic outcomes and healing were better with IOA, and no E-collar was required postoperatively
Veterinary Surgery
2
2023
Intraoral approach for zygomatic sialoadenectomy in dogs: An anatomical study and three clinical cases
2023-2-VS-viitanen-4
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings