Your Custom Quiz
In Kuvaldina 2023 et al., in Minimally invasive axillary lymphadenectomy in dogs, which of the following best describes postoperative morbidity in the 3 clinical patients?
🔍 Key Findings
- A minimally invasive endoscopic technique was successfully developed for excisional biopsy of axillary lymph nodes in dogs.
- The procedure was performed on 4 cadavers (6 limbs) and 3 clinical patients, with no major complications reported.
- Mean cadaveric time: accessory axillary node 5.1 min; axillary node 33 min. One limb had a double axillary node.
- In clinical cases, 2/3 were completed endoscopically; one required conversion to open due to node elevation difficulty.
- Surgical times in clinical cases ranged from 35 to 58 minutes, depending on node accessibility and number.
- Postoperative morbidity was minimal: no lymphedema, minor seroma or lameness resolved quickly.
- The SILS port approach enabled effective access, though precise placement was critical to visualization.
- This is the first reported veterinary endoscopic technique for axillary lymphadenectomy; potential for improved staging and reduced morbidity.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Development of a minimally invasive endoscopic technique for excisional biopsy of the axillary lymph nodes in dogs
2023-7-VS-kuvaldina-4
In Trefny 2025 et al., on plate length and stiffness, what was the measured effect of plate length on plate strain?
🔍 Key Findings
- 12-hole LCPs (80% plate–bone ratio) showed significantly higher construct stiffness than 6-, 8-, or 10-hole plates in both compression and tension bending.
- Strain on the plate was significantly lower in 12-hole vs 6-hole plates at all regions of interest (ROIs), especially around the fracture gap.
- No incremental increases in stiffness or decreases in strain were observed between 6-, 8-, and 10-hole plates—only when comparing to 12-hole plates.
- Bone model strain adjacent to the plate end was significantly lower for 10- and 12-hole plates vs 6-hole plates under both loading conditions.
- The threshold effect suggests biomechanical benefits only emerge beyond a plate–bone ratio of ~80%.
- Working length increased from 9.4 mm (6-hole) to 13 mm (others), potentially influencing strain/stiffness differences.
- Four-point bending was used, as it replicates the most biomechanically relevant force on plated long bones.
- Clinical implication: Longer plates may reduce plate strain and peri-implant bone strain, potentially lowering risk of fatigue failure or stress risers.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2025
Effect of Plate Length on Construct Stiffness and Strain in a Synthetic Short-Fragment Fracture Gap Model Stabilized with a 3.5-mm Locking Compression Plate
2025-2-VCOT-trefny-2
In Brincin 2023 et al., on radiographic follow-up post-MPL surgery, what percentage of asymptomatic dogs had isolated radiographic findings that altered management?
🔍 Key Findings
- Routine follow-up radiographs after MPL surgery influenced management in only 3% of asymptomatic cases.
- Isolated radiographic abnormalities were rare (3.3%) and even less likely to alter treatment unless accompanied by clinical concerns.
- Dogs with both radiographic changes and clinical/owner concerns had 32× higher odds of a management change (OR 32.16, P < .001).
- Lameness, NSAID use, or prior unplanned visits significantly increased the odds of altered post-op plans.
- Owner-reported concerns alone led to a change in only 1.6% of cases without corroborating clinical findings.
- Radiographic follow-up was deemed unnecessary in dogs without owner concerns or abnormal physical findings.
- Hands-on clinical exam remains critical, though video-based rechecks may aid triage in uncomplicated cases.
- The study supports selective radiographic follow-up, reducing unnecessary imaging, stress, and clinician workload.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2023
The value of routine radiographic follow up in the postoperative management of canine medial patellar luxation
2023-3-VS-brincin-1
In Murphy 2024 et al., what was the median time from first-side CCLR to contralateral rupture?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Prevalence of contralateral CCLR in dogs ≥8 years and ≥15kg was 19.1%, notably lower than previous studies (33–50%).
- Median time to contralateral CCLR was 12.9 months.
- Older age reduced risk — 2% decrease per month of age (p=0.003).
- Golden Retrievers and Labradors had significantly lower risk (p=0.028 and p=0.007, respectively).
- No effect found from TPA, meniscal injury, or comorbidities (e.g., hip dysplasia, hypothyroidism).
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Contralateral Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Medium-to-Large (≥15kg) Breed Dogs 8 Years of Age or Older
2024-1-VCOT-murphy-2
In Cortez 2024 et al., on feline ectopic ureters, what was the postoperative urinary continence outcome in this cohort?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ectopic ureters in cats are rare, but most are extramural and bilateral.
- Surgical techniques used included ureteroneocystostomy (UNC), neoureterostomy (NU), nephroureterectomy, and cystoscopic laser ablation (CLA).
- All cats showed improvement in urinary continence postoperatively, with 11/12 achieving complete resolution.
- Major complications were rare; one cat developed uroabdomen requiring revision surgery.
- Diagnostic imaging was effective, with abdominal ultrasound diagnosing 8/10 and CT 3/3 cases.
- Short- and long-term complications included urethral spasms, UTIs, stranguria, and rectal prolapse; all were manageable.
- CLA was successful in 2 cats and is noted as a first-time described technique in feline ectopic ureter cases.
- Median postoperative follow-up was 340 days, supporting good long-term outcomes.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of cats undergoing surgical treatment of ectopic ureters
2024-6-VS-cortez-5
In Kalmukov 2022 et al., on cell salvage efficacy, what was the main advantage of swab washing during intraoperative blood salvage?
🔍 Key Findings
- Direct suction salvaged more red blood cell mass (rbcM) than swab washing: 88.43% vs 84.74% (p = .015)
- Swab washing still achieved high recovery (84.74%), making it a viable adjunct when suction is not possible
- No significant difference in post-salvage PCV between methods (~34% for Su and ~33.9% for Sw)
- Total salvaged blood volume was significantly higher using direct suction (143 mL vs 139.8 mL; p < .001)
- Leukocytes are removed during salvage, potentially lowering risk of cytokine-mediated transfusion reactions
- Expired pRBCs were used, but device still achieved high RBC recovery, supporting clinical utility
- Swab washing via manual agitation may cause more RBC destruction than direct suction
- Cell salvage may avoid complications of allogeneic transfusions, like storage lesions and immunologic reactions
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Ex vivo evaluation of a novel cell salvage device to recover canine erythrocytes
2022-8-VS-kalmukov-4
In Brisimi 2022 et al., on tracheal anastomosis tension, what limitation of the annular ligament-cartilage technique was observed?
🔍 Key Findings
- Tracheal anastomoses in immature dogs failed at significantly lower distraction forces (44.91 ± 59.03 N) than in adults (149.31 ± 45.36 N; _P_ = .007).
- Immature tracheae tolerated significantly more elongation before failure (39.75 ± 5.45%) than adult tracheae (30.57 ± 7.19%; _P_ = .0012).
- All constructs failed by suture tearing through the annular ligament, primarily near the dorsal tracheal ring.
- Overlapping of tracheal ends was seen in 50% of specimens across both age groups, suggesting limitations in tissue apposition with the chosen technique.
- Simple continuous pattern using 2-0 polypropylene was used; this pattern provides superior tensile strength compared to simple interrupted, but apposition may be suboptimal.
- Tracheal elasticity in immature dogs may allow longer resections, but the lower tensile strength necessitates reinforcement.
- Annular ligament-cartilage technique with 4-mm suture spacing showed variable results; smaller bites and nylon suture may improve outcomes.
- Ex vivo setup using frozen-thawed tracheae is a limitation, but prior studies support comparability with fresh tissue.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Influence of age on resistance to distraction after tracheal anastomoses in dogs: An ex vivo study
2022-5-VS-brisimi-4
In Boullenger 2025 et al., on traumatic patellar luxation, what was a proposed strategy to improve FPS outcomes in large or active dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Patients: 16 (11 dogs, 5 cats); 6.1% of canine and 23.8% of feline PL cases were traumatic.
- Most common luxation direction: Medial (81.3%).
- Surgery: All had capsular imbrication; 75% had fabello-patellar suture (FPS).
- Short-term results (13/16 cases):
- 77% had no lameness by 2 months.
- 85% had no PL recurrence.
- 3 severe complications: capsulorrhaphy tear, FPS fabellar tear, septic arthritis.
- Long-term results (13/16 cases):
- 85% lameness-free.
- 77% full function; 23% acceptable.
- 0 reluxations reported by owners.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2025
Clinical Presentation, Surgical Treatment, and Outcome of Traumatic Patellar Luxation in 11 Dogs and 5 Cats: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study between 2011 and 2022
2025-1-VC-boullenger-5
In Carrera 2024 et al., which technique was used to correct high external tibial torsion in one patient?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 5 juvenile dogs (mean age 7.2 months) with grade III–IV MPL were treated surgically.
- Most had femoral varus + external tibial torsion; some had shallow trochlear grooves.
- Distal femoral osteotomy was performed in 4/5 dogs; Tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) in 3/5; Sulcoplasty in 2/5.
- Mean time to weight bearing: 9.8 ± 5.5 days; healing: 55 ± 24 days
- No reluxations, and final radiographic values for aLDFA and torsion were maintained at 1 year.
- One complication due to domestic trauma, not surgical failure.
- Early surgery appeared to preserve alignment and prevent deformity progression.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Early Surgical Management of Medial Patellar Luxation in Juvenile Dogs
2024-2-VCOT-carrera-2
In Marshall 2022 et al., on delayed and non-union risk, what was the **strongest predictor** of delayed or non-union in canine fractures?
🔍 Key Findings
- Delayed union occurred in 13.9% of fractures; non-union in 4.6%; mal-union in 0.7%
- Major implant failure increased odds of delayed or non-union by 12.9×
- Surgical site infection increased risk 3.2×; bone grafting (any type) was also associated (OR 3.3)
- Comminuted fractures had 4.2× greater odds of delayed or non-union
- Older age increased risk, with odds increasing by 21% per year
- Radius and ulna fractures in toy breeds were not high risk, contrary to historical belief
- Most non-unions required revision surgery with rhBMP-2 or autograft to achieve union
- Ilium fractures showed 0% delayed/non-union — possibly due to robust muscle envelope
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Delayed union, non-union and mal-union in 442 dogs
2022-7-VS-marshall-1
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings