In Zann 2023 et al., on proximal humeral OC, which diagnostic imaging modality measured greater lesion size compared to the other?
A. Radiographs
B. Fluoroscopy
C. MRI
D. CT
E. Arthroscopy
Answer: CT
Explanation: CT measured significantly greater lesion width and depth than radiography (P = .001 and P = .038, respectively).
In Zann 2023 et al., on proximal humeral OC, what was the most consistent arthroscopic finding post-surgery?
A. Complete fibrocartilage coverage of the lesion
B. Normal synovial membrane without hypertrophy
C. Persistent articular cartilage defects with partial infilling
D. Absent osteoarthritis in most shoulders
E. Full reossification of the humeral head lesion
Answer: Persistent articular cartilage defects with partial infilling
Explanation: Persistent, incomplete cartilage infilling was seen in all shoulders, with average infill of 37.4%.
In Zann 2023 et al., on proximal humeral OC, what was the median LOAD score reported by owners during follow-up?
A. 0
B. 3
C. 6
D. 12
E. 20
Answer: 6
Explanation: Median aggregate LOAD score was 6, indicating mild disability.
In Zann 2023 et al., on proximal humeral OC, what significant musculoskeletal changes were noted in the affected limb long-term?
A. Increased brachial circumference and shoulder extension
B. Reduced shoulder abduction only
C. Increased muscle mass and shoulder flexibility
D. Decreased brachial circumference and shoulder extension
E. Normal goniometric parameters
Answer: Decreased brachial circumference and shoulder extension
Explanation: Significant muscle atrophy and loss of shoulder ROM were observed on the affected side.
In Zann 2023 et al., on proximal humeral OC, what conclusion was drawn about the progression of osteoarthritis (OA)?
A. OA was absent in most joints postoperatively
B. OA decreased significantly over time
C. OA progression was consistent but not clinically relevant in most cases
D. OA only developed in dogs with bilateral lesions
E. OA was more severe when treated with arthrotomy
Answer: OA progression was consistent but not clinically relevant in most cases
Explanation: OA was present in all cases, but owner-reported outcomes were generally positive.
In Zann 2023 et al., on proximal humeral OC surgery, how did peak vertical force and vertical impulse compare between limbs?
A. Significantly increased in affected limb
B. Significantly decreased in affected limb
C. No significant difference between limbs
D. Significantly altered in bilaterally affected dogs only
E. Marked difference seen only on incline walking
Answer: No significant difference between limbs
Explanation: Despite asymmetric loading, there were no statistical differences in peak vertical force or impulse in unilaterally affected dogs.
In Zann 2023 et al., on proximal humeral OC surgery, which imaging modality showed significantly greater lesion size measurements?
A. Radiography
B. Computed tomography (CT)
C. MRI
D. Arthroscopy
E. Fluoroscopy
Answer: Computed tomography (CT)
Explanation: CT consistently showed wider and deeper lesion measurements than radiography (P = .001 width, P = .038 depth).
In Zann 2023 et al., on proximal humeral OC surgery, what was the average owner-reported LOAD score indicating?
A. Severe functional disability
B. Moderate disability with gait alterations
C. Mild disability with good perceived function
D. Complete resolution of lameness
E. No mobility concerns reported
Answer: Mild disability with good perceived function
Explanation: The median LOAD score was 6, which falls into the mild category despite measurable orthopedic and imaging abnormalities.
In Zann 2023 et al., on proximal humeral OC surgery, what difference was found in shoulder extension in unilaterally affected dogs?
A. No difference in extension compared to contralateral limb
B. Increased extension in affected limb
C. Decreased extension in affected limb
D. Extension unchanged but flexion reduced
E. Shoulder abduction was significantly limited
Answer: Decreased extension in affected limb
Explanation: Shoulder extension was significantly decreased (P = .013) in the affected limb compared to the contralateral limb.
In Zann 2023 et al., on proximal humeral OC surgery, what was the most common arthroscopic finding in previously treated shoulders?
A. Normal cartilage architecture with minimal changes
B. Complete fibrocartilage infilling of the lesion
C. Partial infilling with patchy cartilage tissue and synovitis
D. Grossly normal cartilage with focal eburnation
E. No residual cartilage defects were visible
Answer: Partial infilling with patchy cartilage tissue and synovitis
Explanation: All joints had incomplete cartilage infilling and moderate to severe synovitis on arthroscopic evaluation.
