Espinel Rupérez et al: Arthroscopic‐assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats: An ex vivo feasibility study
Veterinary Surgery 6, 2023

AA-HTS was feasible in all 14 feline cadaveric hip joints.
Median surgical time was 46.5 minutes (range 29–144); AA-HTS alone took 40 min (range 26–134).
Minor articular cartilage injury (<10% total surface) occurred in 10 of 14 joints.
Intraoperative complications occurred in 5 joints, including k-wire misplacement and toggle lodging.
Technique deviations (n = 13; 8 major, 5 minor) occurred in 7 joints, all involving the femoral bone tunnel.
Toggle passage through femoral tunnel was the most challenging step—mildly difficult in 6 joints.
No injury to neurovascular or intrapelvic structures was observed on dissection.
Final implant positioning (toggle/button) was ideal in all joints despite some tunnel trajectory deviations.

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AA-HTS was feasible in all 14 feline cadaveric hip joints.
Median surgical time was 46.5 minutes (range 29–144); AA-HTS alone took 40 min (range 26–134).
Minor articular cartilage injury (<10% total surface) occurred in 10 of 14 joints.
Intraoperative complications occurred in 5 joints, including k-wire misplacement and toggle lodging.
Technique deviations (n = 13; 8 major, 5 minor) occurred in 7 joints, all involving the femoral bone tunnel.
Toggle passage through femoral tunnel was the most challenging step—mildly difficult in 6 joints.
No injury to neurovascular or intrapelvic structures was observed on dissection.
Final implant positioning (toggle/button) was ideal in all joints despite some tunnel trajectory deviations.