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Farrugia et al: Bi-oblique dynamic proximal ulna osteotomy: Effect of location on change in angle of the proximal ulna segment
Veterinary Surgery 6, 2025

🔍 Key Findings

  • Proximal BODPUOs (closer to 26–28% of ulna length) resulted in greater increases in proximal ulna tilt postoperatively (up to 18°).
  • Distal osteotomies (closer to 48–49%) yielded minimal change in ulna angle.
  • Strong linear relationship between osteotomy location and change in angle; correlation coefficient = 0.73.
  • Initial proximal ulna angle (IPUA) influences results—angles closer to 90° yielded greater changes.
  • Craniocaudal osteotomy angle had minimal impact on tilt change after adjusting for location.
  • Osteotomy length had no significant effect on change in angle.
  • Prediction intervals showed wide individual variation in outcomes, especially with more proximal osteotomies.
  • No increase in complications was associated with more proximal osteotomies, contrary to past assumptions.

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← Articles

Farrugia et al: Bi-oblique dynamic proximal ulna osteotomy: Effect of location on change in angle of the proximal ulna segment
Veterinary Surgery 6, 2025

🔍 Key Findings

  • Proximal BODPUOs (closer to 26–28% of ulna length) resulted in greater increases in proximal ulna tilt postoperatively (up to 18°).
  • Distal osteotomies (closer to 48–49%) yielded minimal change in ulna angle.
  • Strong linear relationship between osteotomy location and change in angle; correlation coefficient = 0.73.
  • Initial proximal ulna angle (IPUA) influences results—angles closer to 90° yielded greater changes.
  • Craniocaudal osteotomy angle had minimal impact on tilt change after adjusting for location.
  • Osteotomy length had no significant effect on change in angle.
  • Prediction intervals showed wide individual variation in outcomes, especially with more proximal osteotomies.
  • No increase in complications was associated with more proximal osteotomies, contrary to past assumptions.

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Farrugia 2025 et al., on BODPUO location effects, what complication pattern was observed with more proximal osteotomies?

A. Increased non-union
B. Increased luxation
C. No increase in complication rate
D. Higher synostosis rate
E. More radial fractures

Answer: No increase in complication rate

Explanation: Despite assumptions, more proximal BODPUOs were not linked to increased complications.
In Farrugia 2025 et al., on BODPUO location effects, which variable most significantly predicted the postoperative change in proximal ulna angle?

A. Dog weight
B. Surgeon experience
C. Location of ulna osteotomy
D. Osteotomy length
E. Bandage duration

Answer: Location of ulna osteotomy

Explanation: Regression modeling showed a strong linear relationship between osteotomy location and ulna tilt change (r = 0.73).
In Farrugia 2025 et al., on BODPUO location effects, what was the observed outcome when the osteotomy was placed at 26% of ulna length?

A. No change in proximal ulna angle
B. Mild decrease in ulna tilt (~2°)
C. Greatest change in ulna tilt (~18°)
D. Increased risk of complications
E. Decrease in joint congruity

Answer: Greatest change in ulna tilt (~18°)

Explanation: More proximal osteotomies (26%) achieved the greatest postoperative change in proximal ulna tilt.
In Farrugia 2025 et al., on BODPUO location effects, what impact did initial proximal ulna angle (IPUA) have on surgical outcome?

A. No impact on outcome
B. Lower IPUA led to greater ulna tilt
C. Higher IPUA (near 90°) led to greater ulna tilt
D. Only affects complication rate
E. Affected radial growth only

Answer: Higher IPUA (near 90°) led to greater ulna tilt

Explanation: Patients with initial ulna angles near 90° had greater triceps force influence and more ulna tilt change.
In Farrugia 2025 et al., on BODPUO location effects, which of the following had **no significant association** with change in ulna angle?

A. Osteotomy length
B. Proximity of osteotomy
C. IPUA
D. Relative point on ulna
E. Proximal segment tilt

Answer: Osteotomy length

Explanation: Osteotomy length did not influence postoperative change in ulna angle after adjusting for osteotomy location.

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