In Radke 2022 et al., on outcome measure validation, which limitation applied to **all 6 OROMs** evaluated?
A. Lack of owner input during development
B. Low feasibility due to questionnaire length
C. No information on measurement error
D. None addressed content validity
E. Validation only in surgical populations
Answer: No information on measurement error
Explanation: No OROMs reported measurement error, limiting score interpretability.
In Radke 2022 et al., on outcome measure validation, which of the following instruments was noted to have **inconsistent factor analysis results** across validation studies?
A. Canine Orthopedic Index (COI)
B. Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI)
C. Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD)
D. Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI)
E. Bologna Healing Stifle Injury Index (BHSII)
Answer: Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI)
Explanation: CBPI’s factor analysis yielded inconsistent structures across studies, questioning construct stability.
In Radke 2022 et al., on outcome measure validation, what feature contributed to recommending CBPI, COI, and LOAD for clinical use?
A. Each tool demonstrated high criterion validity
B. Each tool had clearly defined ceiling and floor effects
C. Each showed sufficient content validity and (when applicable) internal consistency
D. All three were validated in surgical-only populations
E. They were endorsed by the AVMA
Answer: Each showed sufficient content validity and (when applicable) internal consistency
Explanation: These tools met COSMIN Category A criteria for recommendation based on their measurement properties.
In Radke 2022 et al., on outcome measure validation, which of the following OROMs demonstrated the **most rigorous development process** according to COSMIN criteria?
A. Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI)
B. Canine Orthopedic Index (COI)
C. Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD)
D. Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI)
E. Hudson Visual Analogue Scale (HVAS)
Answer: Canine Orthopedic Index (COI)
Explanation: COI was rated as “adequate” for overall development, the highest rating among the instruments evaluated.
In Radke 2022 et al., on outcome measure validation, what was the COSMIN justification for not assessing internal consistency in the LOAD instrument?
A. The sample size was too small for analysis
B. LOAD showed poor reliability metrics
C. LOAD is based on a formative model rather than a reflective one
D. LOAD lacked construct validity
E. There were discrepancies in scoring methods
Answer: LOAD is based on a formative model rather than a reflective one
Explanation: Formative models do not require internal consistency analysis since items are not necessarily correlated.
