Quiz Question
In Bergen 2024 et al., on biliary stent use, what was the most common cause of EHBO in dogs?
š Key Findings Summary
- Subjects: 11 animals (8 dogs, 3 cats)
- Technique: Uncovered balloon-expandable metallic biliary stents (BEMBS)
- Indications: Cholelithiasis, strictures, neoplasia, cholangiohepatitis, etc.
- Success: Patency achieved in all animals surviving to discharge
- Complications:
- Short-term mortality: 2/11 (1 euthanized for SIRS, 1 unknown)
- Long-term issues: cholangiohepatitis, choledocholithiasis, stent occlusion (in cats only)
- Long-term patency:
- Dogs: median 650.5 days
- Cats: median 446 days
- Stent removal possible even after >600 days in some cats
- Clinical outcome: Viable alternative to plastic stents or cholecystoenterostomy
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Clinical use of uncovered balloonāexpandable metallic biliary stents for treatment of extrahepatic biliary tract obstructions in cats and dogs: 11 cases (2012ā2022)
2024-2-VS-bergen-1
In Ciammaichella 2025 et al., on lymphadenectomy complications, what was the significance of using methylene blue during surgery?
š Key Findings
- Ilio-sacral lymphadenectomy had the highest complication rates: intraoperative (7%) and postoperative (41%)
- Axillary lymphadenectomy showed the lowest complication rates: intraoperative (1%) and postoperative (16%)
- Enlarged or metastatic lymph nodes were significantly associated with intraoperative complications (p = .030)
- Postoperative complications were mostly minor (Grade 1) and self-limiting (seromas, edema)
- Medial retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy had intermediate complication rates: postoperative complications in 26%
- No significant predictors retained significance in multivariate analysis
- Use of methylene blue was associated with fewer complications, although not statistically significant
- Complication rates did not result in mortality, and all were manageable; MST was 374 days
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Complications of medial retropharyngeal, axillary, and ilio-sacral lymphadenectomy in 127 dogs with malignant tumors
2025-7-VS-ciammaichella-5
In Giansetto 2022 et al., on preputial urethrostomy, what was the primary indication for performing the novel technique in all 4 dogs?
š Key Findings
- Modified preputial urethrostomy without penile amputation was successfully performed in 4 male dogs with urethral stenosis or trauma.
- The technique involved anastomosis of the pelvic urethra to the preputial mucosa via caudal celiotomy, avoiding perineal urethrostomy complications.
- No cases of skin scalding or stoma stenosis were reported during short- and long-term follow-up.
- Two dogs developed mild urinary incontinence, particularly when excited; one improved with phenylpropanolamine.
- The approach preserved local anatomy, avoiding penile amputation, osteotomies, and preputial dissection.
- Postoperative urinary catheterization was used to protect the anastomosis, although optimal duration remains debated.
- Surgical access via the linea alba minimized tension at the anastomosis site and avoided complications from paramedian approaches.
- This technique may serve as a viable alternative to prepubic urethrostomy, reducing urine-related skin complications and improving cosmetic outcome.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Preputial urethrostomy with preservation of the local anatomy in 4 dogs
2022-8-VS-giansetto-3
In Monti 2025 et al., on lymph node fluorescence imaging, which lymph node group was most frequently identified and removed using NIRF-guided laparoscopic surgery?
š Key Findings
- Laparoscopic ISLN removal using NIRF-ICG was feasible in 89% of dogs (16/18), demonstrating high procedural success with minimal invasiveness.
- Median laparoscopic dissection time was only 12 minutes, suggesting efficiency of the NIRF-guided approach.
- No postoperative complications were observed, and intraoperative complications occurred in only 2 dogs (11.1%), both requiring conversion to open surgery.
- Metastatic disease was confirmed in 48% of patients (12/25 nodes), including cases where LNs appeared normal in size, highlighting the value of histologic evaluation.
- NIRF-ICG enabled precise identification of small and mildly enlarged nodes, which are often missed during traditional imaging or palpation.
- Fluorescent dye leakage following LN capsule rupture limited visibility and required surgical conversion, indicating a key limitation of the technique.
- ICG signal was occasionally absent in metastatic LNs, likely due to lymphatic rerouting or obstruction, underscoring limitations in SLN identification.
- The lateral approach allowed consistent access to ipsilateral MILN, IILN, and sacral LNs, though contralateral nodes were inaccessible with this method.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Nearāinfrared fluorescenceāguided minimally invasive surgery for iliosacral lymph node removal in 18 dogs (2023ā2025)
2025-6-VS-monti-2
In McNamara 2022 et al., on transoral endoscopic arytenopexy, what was the estimated reduction in airway resistance based on the observed RGA increase?
š Key Findings
- TEA significantly increased the rima glottis area (RGA) from a mean of 0.52āÆcmĀ³ to 0.78āÆcmĀ³ (p < .0001)
- Mean RGA increased by 157%, equivalent to an 84% estimated decrease in airway resistance
- LEGS (laryngeal epiglottic-glottic seal) remained intact in all cadavers post-procedure, indicating maintained airway protection
- TEA was technically feasible in all 15 cadaveric dogs using a custom endoscopic gag port (EGP)
- TEA avoids cervical dissection, potentially reducing surgical trauma and risks compared to UAL (unilateral arytenoid lateralization)
- Compared to UAL, TEA showed slightly less RGA increase, but greater LEGS preservation, potentially reducing aspiration risk
- No cartilage was included in sutures; arytenopexy involved soft tissue fixation to pharyngeal wall across the piriform recess
- Cadaver model limitations include inability to assess functional outcomes like swallowing and respiratory motion impact
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Description and evaluation of a novel transoral endoscopic arytenopexy in canine cadavers
2022-7-VS-mcnamara-5
In Downey 2023 et al., on thoracoscopic lung lobectomy, what was the most common reason for conversion from thoracoscopic to open approach?
š Key Findings
- Thoracoscopic (TL) and thoracoscopic-assisted (TAL) lobectomy were performed in 12 dogs with non-neoplastic pulmonary consolidation.
- 44% (4/9) of TL cases required conversion, most often due to pleural adhesions or poor visualization ā a higher rate than for neoplastic lobectomies.
- Surgical mortality was 8.3% (1/12 dogs), with death attributed to unaddressed BOAS, not surgical complications.
- All 11 surviving dogs had no recurrence of clinical signs at a median 24-month follow-up.
- Perioperative complications occurred in 58% (7/12): pneumothorax (2), hemorrhage (3), wound dehiscence (1), progressive pneumonia (1).
- One-lung ventilation (OLV) was successful in 78% of TL dogs but may be harder to achieve in brachycephalic breeds.
- Most dogs had infectious pneumonia (10/12), with bacterial causes identified in 8; fungal and viral etiologies were less common.
- Hospitalization was short, with median stays of 3ā4 days depending on approach and conversion status.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Evaluation of longāterm outcome after lung lobectomy for canine nonāneoplastic pulmonary consolidation via thoracoscopic or thoracoscopicāassisted surgery in 12 dogs
2023-6-VS-downey-1-4cbde
In Hawker 2024 et al., on checklist attitudes, which implementation strategy was most commonly associated with SSC success?
š Key Findings
- 67.9% of respondents reported using SSCs, with most indicating frequent use (64% used in every surgery).
- 78.7% agreed SSCs reduce complications, and 89.6% believed SSCs improve communication.
- Respondents not using SSCs were more likely to view them as a waste of time (p < .001).
- Forgetfulness (39.6%) and time constraints (36.5%) were leading reasons for checklist noncompletion.
- Only 23.3% had SSC training during surgical residency, with newer diplomates more likely to have had exposure (p < .001).
- Key strategies to improve uptake included: staff feedback modifications (67.9%), formal designation of initiator (48.6%), and training (52.2%).
- Surgeons and OR staff were most commonly identified as noncompliant team members.
- SSC use was more frequent in small animal practices, and mandating SSCs by management was favored but not always effective alone.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Attitudes towards surgical safety checklists among American College of Veterinary Surgeons diplomates
2024-5-VS-hawker-3
In Cruciani 2025 et al., on portal placement, what was the primary reason for modifying the arthroscopic portal?
š Key Findings
- Study Design: Retrospective case series of 15 dogs (19 tarsi) with talar OCD.
- Technique: Modified arthroscopic approach with both scope and instrument portals on the same side as the lesion.
- Outcomes:
- Good to excellent mid-to-long-term outcomes in 11/14 dogs.
- Statistically significant improvement in CBPI (p < .05) and VAS scores (p < .05).
- Minor postoperative complications (synovial cysts) in 4/13 tarsi, all resolved spontaneously.
- No major intraoperative complications; 1/19 required mini-arthrotomy due to fragment size.
- Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD): Progression noted in 10/14 cases, despite good functional outcomes.
- Fragment Characteristics: Multiple osteochondral fragments were present in most cases, with 17/19 lesions on the medial talar ridge.
- Technical Advantage: Lower conversion rate to arthrotomy (1/19) compared to previous studies (Gielen et al. and Miller & Beale).
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
A modified approach to portal placement for arthroscopic management of osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the tarsocrural joint in 15 dogs (19 tarsi)
2025-1-VS-cruciani-3
In Downey 2023 et al., on lung lobectomy for pulmonary consolidation, what was the most common perioperative complication in dogs undergoing lung lobectomy?
š Key Findings
- Thoracoscopic (TL) and thoracoscopic-assisted (TAL) lobectomy were performed in 12 dogs with non-neoplastic pulmonary consolidation.
- 44% (4/9) of TL cases required conversion, most often due to pleural adhesions or poor visualization ā a higher rate than for neoplastic lobectomies.
- Surgical mortality was 8.3% (1/12 dogs), with death attributed to unaddressed BOAS, not surgical complications.
- All 11 surviving dogs had no recurrence of clinical signs at a median 24-month follow-up.
- Perioperative complications occurred in 58% (7/12): pneumothorax (2), hemorrhage (3), wound dehiscence (1), progressive pneumonia (1).
- One-lung ventilation (OLV) was successful in 78% of TL dogs but may be harder to achieve in brachycephalic breeds.
- Most dogs had infectious pneumonia (10/12), with bacterial causes identified in 8; fungal and viral etiologies were less common.
- Hospitalization was short, with median stays of 3ā4 days depending on approach and conversion status.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Evaluation of longāterm outcome after lung lobectomy for canine nonāneoplastic pulmonary consolidation via thoracoscopic or thoracoscopicāassisted surgery in 12 dogs
2023-6-VS-downey-5
In Kikuchi 2025 et al., on arthroscopic MMI in toy breeds, what was the overall incidence of medial meniscus injury (MMI) in dogs with CrCLR?
š Key Findings
- Medial meniscus injury (MMI) occurred in 36.3% of stifles with CrCLR in toy breed dogs (<5 kg)
- Complete CrCLR was significantly associated with MMI (15.3% of complete vs. 3.4% of partial)
- Severe lameness (grade 3) increased the likelihood of MMI compared to mild lameness (grade 1)
- Higher body weight, even within the toy breed range, was positively associated with MMI
- Yorkshire Terriers had the highest MMI incidence (55.6%), but this was not a significant independent factor due to multicollinearity
- Arthroscopy identified more meniscal damage (including small radial tears and bucket-handle lesions) than gross examination might detect
- MMI was classified as mild (radial tear) or severe (bucket-handle or flap) with implications for partial meniscectomy
- Arthroscopy was used in all cases, underscoring its utility in small-breed stifle assessment
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
5
2025
Incidence of Medial Meniscus Injury Detected by Arthroscopy in Toy Breed Dogs
2025-5-VCOT-kikuchi-1
Quiz Results
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Key Findings