🔍 Key Findings

• Barbed sutures showed comparable leakage pressure to traditional sutures and stapling devices (p = .36).
• No bronchial leaks occurred at physiological pressure (<20 cmH₂O) in any group.
• Leakage at supraphysiologic pressure (20–80 cmH₂O) occurred in 90% of stapler, 80% of traditional, and 60% of barbed suture closures.
• Barbed sutures reduced ligation time significantly compared to traditional sutures (10.7 vs. 14.1 minutes, p < .01).
• Staplers remained fastest, with mean ligation time of 2.4 minutes.
• No knot failure or suture breakage was observed in barbed or traditional suture groups.
• Leakage in barbed sutures occurred mostly at the loop effector zone, but remained within acceptable limits.
• Barbed sutures may offer an effective alternative when staplers are unavailable, impractical, or cost-prohibitive.

🔍 Key Findings

• Cranial drawer (CD), tibial compression (TCT), and tibial pivot compression test (TPCT) showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in differentiating intact from CCL-deficient stifles in this ex vivo model.
• TPCT elicited the highest cranial tibial translation (CTT) and internal tibial rotation, though differences in rotation did not reach statistical significance.
• Inter- and intraobserver agreement for CTT was excellent across all tests (ICC >0.9).
• Rotation and force application had greater variability, particularly with less experienced observers and during CD.
• Forces applied during CD were significantly higher in intact limbs and correlated with observer experience.
• Subjective CTT estimates strongly correlated with objective kinematic measurements (r = 0.895), with a median absolute error of 1.31 mm.
• TPCT may be particularly useful for assessing rotational instability, mimicking the pivot-shift test used in human ACL exams.
• Study supports development of a grading system for manual laxity testing, especially in acute CCLR cases.

🔍 Key Findings

• Only 2 of 10 PET implants were fully intact and functional at 6 months post-op.
• Owner-reported function (LOAD scores) improved by 51.7% (p = .008) over 6 months.
• Gait asymmetry improved by 86% (p = .002) postoperatively.
• Implant failure occurred in the midbody of the PET device, suggesting fatigue as a failure mechanism.
• One dog (10%) developed implant infection, necessitating implant removal.
• Implant fixation method (screws + washers + interference screw) was mechanically adequate and technically simple.
• Partially intact implants (4/10) still showed improved clinical outcomes, despite structural compromise.
• Midbody tearing and lack of long-term integrity prohibit continued use of this PET implant in CCL repair.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Prevalence of contralateral CCLR in dogs ≥8 years and ≥15kg was 19.1%, notably lower than previous studies (33–50%).
• Median time to contralateral CCLR was 12.9 months.
• Older age reduced risk — 2% decrease per month of age (p=0.003).
• Golden Retrievers and Labradors had significantly lower risk (p=0.028 and p=0.007, respectively).
• No effect found from TPA, meniscal injury, or comorbidities (e.g., hip dysplasia, hypothyroidism).

🔍 Key Findings

• Adding Locking Head Inserts (LHI) to a 3.5-mm LCP had no effect on plate strain, stiffness, or deformation in an open fracture gap model.
• Peak strain consistently occurred at the Combi-hole over the fracture gap, with values up to ~1837 µε.
• No significant difference in strain was found across configurations with 0, 3, or 9 LHI (p = 0.847).
• Construct stiffness and compressive displacement also remained unchanged regardless of LHI count (p = 0.311 and 0.069 respectively).
• Study contradicted the hypothesis that LHI would reduce strain and increase stiffness under biologic loading.
• Combi-hole design may limit the efficacy of LHI, as LHI only fill the locking portion, not the compression side where strain peaks.
• Implant fatigue risk remains highest over unfilled screw holes, especially over fracture sites—confirming previous failure patterns.
• Surgeons should consider alternative methods to reduce strain when facing high implant load scenarios.

🔍 Key Findings

• No difference in initial leak pressure (ILP) or maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP) between cooled (17–29 h) and fresh enterotomy constructs.
• Wall thickness of duodenum and jejunum did not differ between fresh and cooled samples.
• Leak locations (suture holes vs clamp sites) were similar between groups; not statistically different.
• Volume of infusion did not influence ILP or MIP outcomes.
• Mean ILP values: Control = 600 mmHg (maxed), Fresh = 200 mmHg, Cooled = 131 mmHg; CE vs FE difference was not significant.
• Intraluminal diameter was largest in the ileum, followed by jejunum and duodenum.
• Cadaveric intestine cooled ≤29h may be reliably used in ex vivo feline leak pressure studies.
• First report of gross small intestinal lengths by region in cats—useful for resection planning.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Prevalence of contralateral CCLR in dogs ≥8 years and ≥15kg was 19.1%, notably lower than previous studies (33–50%).
• Median time to contralateral CCLR was 12.9 months.
• Older age reduced risk — 2% decrease per month of age (p=0.003).
• Golden Retrievers and Labradors had significantly lower risk (p=0.028 and p=0.007, respectively).
• No effect found from TPA, meniscal injury, or comorbidities (e.g., hip dysplasia, hypothyroidism).

🔍 Key Findings

• Simulated quadriceps and gastrocnemius forces increased proportionally with axial load in all three femoral fixation models.
• Model 2 (rigid fixation) resulted in subphysiologic quadriceps forces and abnormally high gastrocnemius forces, reducing model fidelity.
• Models 1 and 3 (with hip mobility) produced more physiologic quadriceps and force ratios, especially under 30–40% bodyweight loads.
• Force ratios were significantly lower in rigid fixation (Model 2) compared to hip-mobile models (p = .007), suggesting model design affects simulated muscle coordination.
• Joint angles (stifle and hock) remained within acceptable limits, though slight flexion occurred with increasing load.
• Relative foot position differed by ~3.9 mm between models 2 and 3, with model 2 showing a more caudal position.
• Model 3 preserved benefits of hip mobility while allowing radiographic documentation, making it a preferred setup for future studies.
• The study suggests that models used in feline stifle stabilization research may underestimate physiologic forces, especially with rigid fixation designs.

🔍 Key Findings

Design: In vitro study on cadaveric femurs (n=21) with basilar femoral neck fractures stabilized using 2 vs 3 titanium cannulated screws.

Stiffness: Control > 3-screw > 2-screw (674 > 120 > 90 N/mm).

Yield Load: 3-screw (586 N) > 2-screw (303 N); both < intact femur (2692 N).

Displacement: No difference across groups.

Complication: 3-screw technique more demanding; higher risk of cortical perforation, especially with narrow femoral necks.

Failure Mode: Dislodgement of femoral head + screw shaft bending.

Conclusion: 3 screws = stronger construct than 2 screws. Clinical implications need further study.

🔍 Key Findings

Study population: 12 dogs with medial or lateral tarsocrural joint instability (TCI), including 5 working farm dogs.
Procedure: Temporary immobilization using a calcaneotibial screw (CTS) combined with external coaptation (EC).
Stabilization techniques:

• 3 dogs = primary ligamentous repair
• 8 dogs = synthetic ligament reconstruction
• 2 dogs = malleolar fracture repair

Follow-up: Median 31 months (range 4–66); 10 owners completed outcome survey.
Outcomes:

• All 10 dogs had improved or resolved lameness.
• All 5 farm dogs returned to work (most at full or substantial capacity).
• Complication rate: 4 distinct events in 3 dogs (1 major = CTS breakage; 3 minor = bandage-related soft tissue injuries).

Conclusion: CTS + EC provided effective immobilization with low complication rate, and functional outcomes were favorable even in active dogs.