🔍 Key Findings

Study size: 105 dogs (73 ORPS; 32 MIPO)

MIPO vs ORPS differences:

• Surgical time: MIPO median 130 min vs ORPS 85 min (p < .001)
• Explant rate: MIPO 25% vs ORPS 4.1% (p = .003)
• Time to clinical union: MIPO 85 days vs ORPS 57 days (p = .010)
• Frontal alignment deviation: MIPO 3.5° vs ORPS 2.0° (p = .047)
• Comminution more frequent in MIPO (41% vs 16%; p = .012)

Significant predictors for MIPO use: More proximal fracture margin (p = .004), surgeon identity (p < .001)

No significant difference: Sagittal alignment, radial length, union rate, or complication rate by surgeon

Implant preference: Fixin plates used in 84% of MIPO; locking plates more common in ORPS

🔍 Key Findings

• 42% of dogs (33/78) treated with Arthrex 3.5 mm STS during TPLO developed radiographic TCTF
• TCTFs occurred exclusively distal to the osteotomy
• 14% of screws (36/250) distal to the osteotomy were associated with TCTFs
• 6% of dogs with TCTFs developed major complications (e.g., complete tibial fracture requiring surgical revision)
• Angulation of cortical STS screws, especially in the distal plate holes, was a key contributor to complications
• Locking screws were also involved, but cortical screws angled improperly were overrepresented in serious outcomes
• Revision recommendations included preemptive fixation for large TCTFs or angulated screw placements
• Use of non-self-tapping screws (NSTS) previously showed a <1% TCTF rate, supporting higher risk with STS

🔍 Key Findings

• Precontoured plates using 3D-printed femoral models achieved near-anatomic alignment in all cadaver limbs.
• Fracture reduction system (FRS) required significantly fewer fluoroscopy images than intramedullary pin (IMP) methods (7 vs 26, P = .001).
• Despite longer surgical time (43 vs 29 minutes, P = .011), FRS showed equally accurate or better alignment compared to IMP.
• Femoral length, frontal, sagittal, and axial alignment were all within near-anatomic thresholds (<10 mm or <5° deviation) in both groups.
• FRS was associated with more consistent length maintenance, with IMP showing a median shortening of 2.3 mm (P = .03).
• Axial plane deviation was statistically different in the FRS group (P = .04), but still clinically acceptable.
• Study highlights potential for custom 3D-printed guides to reduce radiation exposure and improve precision in MIPO procedures.
• Authors caution that FRS was time-consuming and cumbersome, suggesting design refinements needed for clinical use.

🔍 Key Findings

• TCF risk increased significantly with 10° insertion angle at both 650 rpm (12.5%) and 1350 rpm (17.5%), compared to 0% in the control group (0° at 650 rpm).
• Hand insertion at 10° angle resulted in only 3.75% TCF rate, suggesting lower insertion speed reduces risk.
• No TCFs occurred when screws were inserted coaxially (0°) at either 650 or 1350 rpm, indicating angle is a critical factor.
• Screw speed alone did not increase TCF risk unless combined with off-axis insertion.
• Radiographically detectable TCFs were only considered; actual rates may be higher with direct bone inspection.
• Cutting flutes engaging undrilled bone during off-axis insertion likely contribute to TCF formation.
• Clinical implication: Ensure screws are inserted coaxially and at lower speeds to reduce TCF risk during procedures like TPLO.
• Statistically significant differences were found between control and high-angle insertion groups: Group C (p = .001), Group E (p < .001).

🔍 Key Findings

Internal fixation (IF) group (n=59):

• Complication rate: 20.3%
• Major complications: 15.3%
• Longer time to discharge if complications occurred (median: 12.5 weeks)

External skeletal fixation (ESF) group (n=36):

• Complication rate: 55.6% (p < .001 vs IF)
• Major complications: 52.8%
• Most common issue: pin tract morbidity

Multivariable analysis:

• Use of IF significantly reduced odds of complications (OR 0.23, p = .004)
• Use of post-op antibiotics associated with increased odds of complications (OR 3.53, p = .028)

Fixation choice influenced by age:

• Older puppies more likely to receive IF (OR 1.25 per week increase in age, p < .001)

Breed & fracture distribution:

• Common breeds: Labrador, Border Collie, Whippet
• Common fracture sites: middle and proximal third of tibia

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 3 dogs developed permanent fibular nerve dysfunction following TPLO
• Common findings:
  • Drill hole or screw in caudal tibial cortex just distal to osteotomy
  • Caudal malpositioning of TPLO plate (esp. right limb of case 3)
  • Post-op signs: cranial tibial atrophy, knuckling, exaggerated gait, no hock flexion
• One case had confirmed deep/superficial fibular neuropathy via electrodiagnostics
• Recommended prevention: avoid overly caudal drill paths; careful gait assessment at follow-up is key

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Study of 24 stifles in 22 dogs with concurrent CCLR and grade III–IV MPL treated via TPLO-TTT
• Major complications: 4/24 (3 surgical site infections, 1 MPL reluxation); minor complications: 5/24
• Long-term follow-up (median 27 months): 21/22 dogs sound, 23/24 stifles resolved
• Patellar ligament thickening observed post-op in 4 cases, resolved with rehab
• The only case of MPL reluxation involved untreated tibial torsion, suggesting case selection is critical

🔍 Key Findings

• CBLO reduced tibial plateau angle (TPA) from a mean of 28.1° to 9.7°, aligning with its goal of flattening the tibial slope.
• CBLO eliminated cranial tibial translation (CTT) following CCL transection and meniscal release at all angles except 140° without hamstring load.
• Hamstring loading (20% quadriceps load) significantly reduced or delayed the onset of CTT, improving stifle stability.
• Medial meniscus was confirmed as a secondary stabilizer; its release (MMR) caused more CTT than CCLx alone.
• PTA (patellar tendon angle) increased with joint extension; CBLO shifted the PTA curve lower and parallel to intact values, suggesting effective flexion of the joint.
• Combined CBLO and hamstring loading resulted in the most stable joints, especially from 50° to 135° joint angles.
• Residual CTT occurred in CBLO-only limbs at higher extension angles (e.g., 140°), but hamstring load mitigated this.
• Stifle stability post-CBLO is multifactorial, depending on joint angle, meniscal integrity, and hamstring activation.

🔍 Key Findings

• Case series of 6 shoulders in 5 working/sporting dogs. Conditions treated: 3 partial biceps ruptures, 3 luxations with fraying.
• All treated with biceps tenodesis using a bioabsorbable anchor (Weldix 2.3 mm).
• All dogs returned to function (some to high-level sports); lameness resolved within 1–5 weeks.
• No implant-related complications with anchor-only cases. One dog had seroma and later infection but recovered.
• Tendon clamp (used in 2 cases) caused irritation in one dog → resolved after removal.
• CT follow-up confirmed integrity; drill holes filled with bone.
• Median LOAD score: 12; higher in older dogs or with concurrent conditions.
• Authors suggest tenodesis offers more stability and faster return to function than tenotomy in working dogs.
• Larger, controlled studies are recommended.

🔍 Key Findings

• Ex vivo study using 24 canine cadaver pelves to test screw thread direction in SI luxation.
• Four groups: RhRSI, RhLSI, LhRSI, LhLSI.
• Right-handed screws on right side (RhRSI) had 313% higher torque and 274% higher load vs left side (p < .01).
• Left-handed screws on left side (LhLSI) had 198% higher torque and 195% higher load vs right side (p < .03).
• All failures occurred due to rotation, with no screw breakage or fractures.
• Body weight and moment arm were similar across groups.
• Clinical implication: Use of screw matching handedness to luxation side improves stability.