🔍 Key Findings

• 97.4% of dogs returned to normal function after total hip replacement using the BFX lateral bolt.
• Mean femoral stem subsidence was 1.22 mm, with most occurring in the first month and minimal thereafter.
• Postoperative complication rate was 13.6%, with 9.2% major and 4.4% minor complications.
• Femoral fractures (3.6%) and coxofemoral luxations (3.6%) were the most common major complications.
• Increased age and higher stem size were risk factors for postoperative femoral fractures; CFI >2.0 was also associated.
• Medial calcar fractures were avoided, and fractures occurred distal to stem ingrowth zone, simplifying repairs.
• Three cases underwent prophylactic plating, all with excellent outcomes and no complications.
• Explant rate was 2.6% (5/195), with most failures involving acetabular cup rather than femoral stem.

🔍 Key Findings

• Hybrid THR in cats showed no major complications across 17 hips in 15 cats, including 2 bilateral cases.
• Postoperative radiographs confirmed stable implant positioning with no loosening, migration, or dislocation in follow-up imaging.
• Mean owner satisfaction was high, with a mean short-form feline musculoskeletal pain index (sf-FMPI) score of 2/36 at a mean follow-up of 438 days.
• SCFE (slipped capital femoral epiphysis) was the most common indication, seen in 13/17 hips.
• Partial tenotomy of rectus femoris origin resolved intraoperative medial patella luxation in 3 cases—no cats required surgical correction later.
• A micro BFX cup allowed for increased acetabular offset, possibly reducing luxation risk even when using a +0 femoral head offset.
• Hybrid THR was successfully used as a revision for failed CFX THR due to recurrent luxation—implants remained stable post-revision.
• Use of oversized cups (12 mm) with shallow seating or medial breach still resulted in stable outcomes, suggesting good implant fixation even with reduced bone stock.

🔍 Key Findings

80 toy breed dogs with surgically repaired transverse radius/ulna fractures were analyzed.
Fracture gap in the caudal cortex was present in 46% of cases.
Implant failure rate:

• 27% in cases with fracture gap
• 2% in cases without fracture gap

Fracture gap significantly associated with implant failure:

• OR = 23.0, 95% CI: 2.7–197.9, p = 0.004

Absence of external coaptation also associated with increased implant failure risk:

• OR = 10.1, 95% CI: 1.1–89.6, p = 0.04

Prolonged external coaptation (>1 week) linked to non-implant complications (skin wounds, osteopenia, osteomyelitis):

• OR = 5.4, p = 0.04

Plate thickness, type, open screw holes, and working length were not statistically significant predictors of implant failure after multivariable analysis.

🔍 Key Findings

• Hybrid implants were used in older, heavier dogs with lower canal flare index (CFI) compared to cementless types.
• CFI <1.8 was associated with higher risk of femoral fracture or stem subsidence with cementless implants.
• Total complication rate was 14%, with catastrophic complications in only 1.5%—lower than reported in other studies.
• No significant difference in complication rates across implant types (BFX, BFX-C, hybrid).
• Femur fractures were rare (2.9%), lower than in prior studies, and successfully managed with cerclage/plate fixation.
• Coxofemoral luxation was the most common complication (8 cases); all occurred within 62 days post-op, mostly resolved with revision.
• Collared BFX stems did not significantly reduce complications, though they may limit stem subsidence.
• An implant selection algorithm was proposed, using age ≥7 years, weight ≥45 kg, and CFI <1.8 to guide cemented vs. cementless stem use.

🔍 Key Findings

• 73 elbows (52 dogs) underwent randomized medial or lateral transcondylar screw placement for HIF.
• Lateral-to-medial placement resulted in a significantly higher rate of complications (62.2%) vs medial-to-lateral (19.4%) (p = .001).
• Odds ratio for complications: 6.11 (95% CI: 2.13–17.52).
• Most common complications: seromas (n = 13), surgical site infections (n = 16).
• Implants with lower AMI/bodyweight were significantly associated with major complications (p = .037).
• Only 4 procedures (5%) required revision surgery (major type I complications), with no difference by screw direction.
• NNT = 2.3 for medial placement to prevent one complication.

🔍 Key Findings

• Spinal stabilization with 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides (3D-PSGs) was safe, with no immediate perioperative complications reported.
• 84% of pedicle screws were optimally placed, and only 0.5% breached the spinal canal, reflecting high placement accuracy.
• 80% of dogs experienced no neurologic deterioration postoperatively, indicating reliable short-term safety.
• 3D-PSGs were accurate and reproducible, even across multiple institutions and surgeons.
• Mid-term outcomes were favorable: all dogs were ambulatory, and 90% had static or improved neurologic signs.
• 7 of 10 mid-term follow-ups showed abnormal gait, though owners rated lifestyle ≥3/5, suggesting acceptable function.
• 3D-printed guides enabled precise pedicle screw placement in deformed vertebrae, expanding options in small breeds.
• One dog suffered a T4 spinous process fracture due to overextension of PMMA cement, emphasizing the need for cement placement caution.

🔍 Key Findings

• Zurich mini-cementless THA was successful in 9/10 hips in dogs <4 kg, with no lameness at 52 weeks in completed cases.
• Helsinki Chronic Pain Index significantly improved from a mean of 19.8 to 2.3 at 52 weeks (p = 0.0141).
• Fluoroscopy improved implant positioning, especially in LCPD and HD cases, aiding in accurate reaming and alignment.
• Intraoperative complications occurred in 2/10 cases, including acetabular fractures; one case required discontinuation.
• Prophylactic bicortical screws and reinforcement plates were used in cases with rotational instability or cortical compromise and were effective in preventing loosening/fractures.
• Medial patellar luxation improved postoperatively in one dog, though recurrence was noted later without surgical correction.
• No stem or implant loosening or fracture occurred over a mean follow-up of 24.4 months.
• CT is recommended in preoperative planning, particularly in luxoid hip dysplasia cases with uncertain bone stock.

🔍 Key Findings

• Double-loop cerclage resisted the highest peak load (805 N) and maintained tension longer than twist (488 N) and single-loop (397 N) configurations.
• Double-loop cerclage sustained 500,000 cycles at 60–80% of peak load in some cases without loosening, outperforming other types.
• Twist knots loosened rapidly, often within 10 cycles even at low loads (100–390 N).
• Single-loop knots performed better than twist, with partial resistance up to 100,000 cycles at 160 N, but showed wide variability.
• All loosening occurred before wire breakage, indicating clinical failure would happen from slack, not fracture.
• Double-loop cerclage had highest initial tension (323 N) compared to single-loop (124 N) and twist (69 N).
• Fatigue limit was not identified for twist, since they all loosened early at even 20% of peak load.
• Clinical recommendation: double-loop cerclage is best for resisting repeated subfailure loading, ideal for fissure prevention or fragment stabilization.

🔍 Key Findings

• Distal femoral shortening osteotomy (DFSO) enabled prosthesis reduction in all 4 dogs with irreducible luxoid hips undergoing total hip replacement.
• Median femoral shortening ratio was 13.8% (range: 10.7–15.3%) based on intraoperative tension needed for prosthesis reduction.
• Bone union was achieved in all cases post-DFSO, indicating good healing potential.
• Two major complications occurred: one prosthetic luxation and one aseptic stem loosening requiring explantation.
• One intraoperative fracture of the greater trochanter occurred during trial reduction before DFSO.
• DFSO did not result in neurovascular injury, even in cases with significant femoral head displacement (>4 cm).
• Radiographic planning with FHD index and intraoperative assessment were crucial for determining DFSO necessity.
• DFSO avoids complications linked to subtrochanteric osteotomy by preserving proximal femoral anatomy and allowing secure distal fixation.

🔍 Key Findings

• 12-hole LCPs (80% plate–bone ratio) showed significantly higher construct stiffness than 6-, 8-, or 10-hole plates in both compression and tension bending.
• Strain on the plate was significantly lower in 12-hole vs 6-hole plates at all regions of interest (ROIs), especially around the fracture gap.
• No incremental increases in stiffness or decreases in strain were observed between 6-, 8-, and 10-hole plates—only when comparing to 12-hole plates.
• Bone model strain adjacent to the plate end was significantly lower for 10- and 12-hole plates vs 6-hole plates under both loading conditions.
• The threshold effect suggests biomechanical benefits only emerge beyond a plate–bone ratio of ~80%.
• Working length increased from 9.4 mm (6-hole) to 13 mm (others), potentially influencing strain/stiffness differences.
• Four-point bending was used, as it replicates the most biomechanically relevant force on plated long bones.
• Clinical implication: Longer plates may reduce plate strain and peri-implant bone strain, potentially lowering risk of fatigue failure or stress risers.