Quiz Question
In Tani 2022 et al., on FCU tendon reconstruction, what diagnostic modality helped identify FCU involvement preoperatively?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fascia lata autograft reconstruction of the FCU tendon successfully treated carpal hyperextension in both dogs.
- Primary repair was not possible in one dog due to complete rupture; a fascia lata graft bridged the tendon gap.
- In the second case, elongated tendon was corrected and reinforced with fascia lata to prevent recurrence.
- Type I external skeletal fixation was used for 6 weeks to support tendon healing in both dogs.
- Postoperative gait and range of motion returned to normal, with no recurrence at 36-month follow-up.
- Ultrasonography aided diagnosis, revealing thinning and echogenic changes in the FCU tendon.
- Histologic findings showed mild, nonspecific muscle changes, suggesting injury rather than a systemic disease.
- No complications occurred, and fascia lata showed potential for biological integration and remodeling into tendon-like structure.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Reconstruction of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon with a fascia lata autograft in two dogs with carpal hyperextension
2022-8-VS-tani-3
In Espinel Rupérez 2023 et al., on hip toggle stabilization, which structure was consistently avoided during toggle placement?
🔍 Key Findings
- Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization (AA-HTS) was successfully completed in all 14 feline cadaver joints.
- Femoral and acetabular tunnel creation was feasible in all cases, though femoral tunnel placement had a higher rate of deviations.
- Intraoperative complications occurred in 5/14 joints, mostly related to femoral tunnel creation and toggle lodging.
- Minor articular cartilage injury (<10% total cartilage area) occurred in 10/14 joints, but no injury to neurovascular or intrapelvic structures.
- Thirteen surgical technique deviations (8 major, 5 minor) were identified in 7 joints, all involving the femoral tunnel.
- Toggle passage through the femoral tunnel was the most challenging step, being mildly difficult in 6 joints.
- Postoperative CT and gross dissection confirmed all toggles and buttons were in correct position, without damage to major surrounding structures.
- No deviations, complications, or cartilage injuries occurred in the last 4 joints, suggesting a learning curve effect.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats: An ex vivo feasibility study
2023-6-VS-espinel-4-c8b72
In Miller 2024 et al., on surgical comparison of staphylectomy vs. FFP, which airway abnormality was more common in FFP dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- FFP resulted in longer median surgery (75 min) and anesthesia (111 min) durations than S (51 min and 80 min, respectively).
- No significant difference in anesthetic complications, regurgitation, aspiration pneumonia, or hospitalization time between S and FFP.
- Major complications were rare (4%) and equally distributed between procedures; included tracheostomy and euthanasia due to severe airway disease.
- Postoperative oxygen use was common (52% of dogs) but not significantly different between procedures.
- FFP dogs more often had laryngeal collapse (especially Grade 1: 68% vs. 32% in S dogs).
- Most dogs (85%) had concurrent nares surgery, with caudal wedge resection more frequent in FFP dogs.
- Few dogs needed revision soft palate surgery (7/124 total); similar between groups.
- Postoperative clinical signs improved across both procedures; regurgitation was the most persistent sign post-op.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Complications and outcome following staphylectomy and folded flap palatoplasty in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
2024-8-VS-miller-5
In Thibault 2023 et al., on DPO for THR luxation, what angle of lateral opening (ALO) is associated with an increased risk of craniodorsal luxation in total hip replacements?
2023-8-VS-thibault-2
In Mullins 2023 et al., on thoracolumbar pin placement, which of the following best explains the design advantage of 3DPGs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Both free-hand probing (FHP) and 3D-printed guides (3DPG) enabled accurate spinal pin placement, with 87.5% vs 96.4% of pins graded as optimal (Grade I).
- 3DPGs had fewer intraoperative deviations (0/56 pins) compared to 6/56 with the FHP technique.
- No pins using either method fully breached the medial vertebral canal (Grade IIb) — a critical safety outcome.
- Pins placed using 3DPGs required less time overall (mean 2.6 min) than FHP (mean 4.5 min).
- FHP required specific experience and has a learning curve, whereas 3DPG use requires CAD software and 3D printing access.
- FHP had more lateral canal violations (Grade IIIa: 4/56 vs 0/56 for 3DPG), suggesting slightly less precision.
- Both techniques were safe, and all deviations were recognized and corrected intraoperatively.
- 3DPGs may offer practical advantages in clinical settings lacking surgical expertise, while FHP allows immediate intervention without 3D printing delay.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
Accuracy of pin placement in the canine thoracolumbar spine using a free-hand probing technique versus 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides: An ex-vivo study
2023-5-VS-mullins-5
In Latifi 2024 et al., on fascial mapping in the canine hindlimb, which major nerve was highlighted as at risk during dissection in the medial thigh region?
🔍 Key Findings
- This anatomical study mapped fascial planes of the canine hindlimb and pelvis to aid superficial tumor resection.
- Type I fascia (discrete sheets) was suitable for deep margins in fascia lata, lateral crus, and gluteal regions.
- Areas with poor or absent fascia included the ischiorectal fossa, femoral triangle, stifle extensor mechanism, and pes.
- Type IV fascia associated with periosteum (e.g., patella, tibial tuberosity) required partial ostectomy for inclusion in surgical margins.
- Nerves at risk during deep dissection included obturator, superficial peroneal, and tibial nerves, particularly in regions with weak fascia.
- In males, bulbospongiosus muscle could act as a fascial plane but dissection was challenging and potentially hemorrhagic.
- In females, constrictor vulvae/vestibulae muscles were tightly associated with mucosa, limiting clean resection options.
- Distal hindlimb resections often lacked a usable fascial plane, suggesting that amputation or adjuvant therapy may be more appropriate.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Fascial plane mapping for superficial tumor resection in dogs: Part III – Hindlimb and pelvis
2024-3-VS-latifi-3
In Giansetto 2022 et al., on preputial urethrostomy, why was the urethra passed through the linea alba during surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified preputial urethrostomy without penile amputation was successfully performed in 4 male dogs with urethral stenosis or trauma.
- The technique involved anastomosis of the pelvic urethra to the preputial mucosa via caudal celiotomy, avoiding perineal urethrostomy complications.
- No cases of skin scalding or stoma stenosis were reported during short- and long-term follow-up.
- Two dogs developed mild urinary incontinence, particularly when excited; one improved with phenylpropanolamine.
- The approach preserved local anatomy, avoiding penile amputation, osteotomies, and preputial dissection.
- Postoperative urinary catheterization was used to protect the anastomosis, although optimal duration remains debated.
- Surgical access via the linea alba minimized tension at the anastomosis site and avoided complications from paramedian approaches.
- This technique may serve as a viable alternative to prepubic urethrostomy, reducing urine-related skin complications and improving cosmetic outcome.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Preputial urethrostomy with preservation of the local anatomy in 4 dogs
2022-8-VS-giansetto-4
In Takagi 2022 et al., on hepatic venous anatomy, what major advantage does computed tomography angiography (CTA) offer compared to plastination or cadaveric methods?
🔍 Key Findings
- Hepatic venous drainage patterns vary widely across all lobes, especially the left lateral lobe.
- Right lateral lobe had a median of 2 vessels draining directly into the caudal vena cava (CVC); range: 1–4.
- Caudate process of caudate lobe had the most variability: 1–5 vessels draining into the CVC; 2 vessels was most common (54.5%).
- Left lateral lobe drained via 2–8 veins into the left hepatic vein (LHV), with 3 veins most common (31.2%).
- Left medial lobe typically had 1 vein draining into the LHV (61% of dogs).
- Papillary process drained into the LHV in 93.5% of cases; 6.5% drained directly to the CVC.
- Quadrate lobe always had 1 vessel draining either directly to the CVC or via the LHV.
- CTA revealed more variations than previously described in plastinated or cadaveric studies, highlighting its superior value in surgical planning.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Computed angiographic variations in hepatic venous vasculature in dogs
2022-4-VS-takagi-5
In Quitzan 2022 et al., on staple line configuration, what was concluded about the vertical staple line?
🔍 Key Findings
- All FEESA configurations leaked at lower pressures than intact segments, confirming reduced integrity vs. native tissue.
- FEESA with 3-row transverse staples (3V/3T or 2V/3T) had significantly higher leak pressures than 2-row configurations.
- 3V/3T configuration had the highest ILP (69.88 ± 21.23 mmHg) among all groups, significantly greater than 2V/2T and 3V/2T (P < .001).
- Leakage consistently occurred at the transverse staple line (not vertical), regardless of configuration.
- No significant difference in maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP) between FEESA groups.
- All FEESA constructs withstood intraluminal pressures >25 mmHg, exceeding normal physiological jejunal pressure in dogs.
- No leaks occurred from the vertical staple line, highlighting it as a more robust closure site.
- Third staple row in transverse line may be a viable alternative to suture oversew, pending further clinical evaluation.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Influence of staple line number and configuration on the leakage of small intestinal functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis: An ex vivo study
2022-5-VS-quitzan-5
In Raleigh 2022 et al., on pericardiectomy complications, what preoperative finding may serve as a warning sign for intraoperative VF?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred in 3% of pericardiectomy cases across reporting institutions.
- 14 of 16 dogs (88%) that developed intraoperative VF died, indicating high mortality.
- Electrosurgical devices were used in 15/16 dogs; VF onset coincided with their use in 8 dogs, suggesting a potential but unproven association.
- Preoperative arrhythmias were seen in 7 dogs (e.g., VPCs, VT, bradycardia), possibly serving as early warning signs.
- Thoracoscopic approach was used in 75% of cases; however, conversion to open surgery was required in 9/13 thoracoscopic procedures after VF onset.
- Defibrillation was attempted in 13 dogs, but only 3 converted to sinus rhythm, and only 2 survived postoperatively.
- VF may result from stray current or cardiac manipulation; bipolar energy devices were implicated despite lower theoretical risk.
- Preventative strategies include judicious electrosurgery use, close ECG monitoring, rapid CPR preparedness, and preop cardiac risk assessment.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
The development of ventricular fibrillation as a complication of pericardiectomy in 16 dogs
2022-4-VS-raleigh-4
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings