Your Custom Quiz
In Sullivan 2025 et al., on TTT stabilization methods, what theoretical advantage does the spacer pin technique offer?
🔍 Key Findings
- Spacer pin fixation showed no difference in failure force or stiffness compared to tension band wire (TBW) or 2-pin techniques.
- All constructs failed under loads >1000 N, exceeding estimated peak quadriceps force in dogs during walking (~240 N).
- Patellar ligament failure was the most common mode of failure across all groups (5–8 samples per group).
- Distal tibial crest fractures were seen only in 2-pin and spacer pin groups, not in TBW group, suggesting TBW may protect against crest failure.
- No failures occurred at pin tracts, possibly due to pin placement within patellar ligament footprint.
- Spacer pin technique avoids placing pins through the tuberosity, potentially reducing risks of soft tissue complications like tendinopathy or irritation.
- Use of partial osteotomy with robust distal crest may substitute for TBW without compromising initial mechanical strength.
- Further in vivo or cyclic loading studies are required, as this cadaveric study tested only acute tensile failure.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Biomechanical Comparison of Spacer Pin Fixation to Two Established Methods of Tibial Tuberosity Transposition Stabilization in Dogs
2025-3-VCOT-sullivan-4
In Ferreira 2025 et al., on heated pneumoperitoneum in dogs, what was the primary finding comparing heated to nonheated CO₂?
🔍 Key Findings
- Heated CO₂ insufflation reduced perioperative hypothermia during laparoscopic ovariectomy compared to nonheated CO₂.
- Final body temperature was significantly higher in the heated group (36.03°C) than in the nonheated group (34.93°C).
- Temperature reduction correlated with surgical duration only in the nonheated group (p < .05).
- Heated CO₂ delayed temperature drop, occurring after 20 minutes vs. 5 minutes in nonheated cases.
- No significant differences between groups in anesthetic, surgical, or insufflation times.
- All dogs recovered uneventfully and were discharged the same day.
- Heated CO₂ may offer greater benefit in longer procedures or in small-sized dogs prone to hypothermia.
- No adverse effects were attributed to heated gas use in this clinical trial.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Effect of heated pneumoperitoneum on body temperature in dogs undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy—A randomized controlled trial
2025-5-VS-ferreira-1
In Wylie 2025 et al., on femoral implant accuracy, which implant type had the highest placement accuracy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Accurate femoral isometric placement was achieved in 63% of cases, significantly more with SwiveLock (78.6%) than FASTak (38.9%).
- Inaccurate placement was associated with increased internal tibial rotation at follow-up (p = .009), suggesting potential implant failure.
- Pivot shift grade improved in 90.9% of stifles postoperatively, regardless of implant positioning accuracy.
- SwiveLock implants had a faster learning curve and higher placement accuracy than FASTak.
- Higher patient weight was linked to more accurate implant placement (p = .012), likely due to easier anatomical landmark identification.
- No correlation found between implant type or positioning accuracy and final pivot shift grade at 6 weeks.
- Minor and major complications were low and not significantly different between implant types.
- A simplified 2-grade pivot shift system was proposed for clinical use (Grade 1: glide, Grade 2: clunk), aiding intraoperative decision-making.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Evaluation of femoral isometric placement accuracy of internal brace implants and its impact on stifle stability in the management of pivot shift phenomenon following TPLO
2025-7-VS-wylie-2
In Ferreira 2025 et al., on heated pneumoperitoneum in dogs, what was the mean final temperature in the heated group?
🔍 Key Findings
- Heated CO₂ insufflation reduced perioperative hypothermia during laparoscopic ovariectomy compared to nonheated CO₂.
- Final body temperature was significantly higher in the heated group (36.03°C) than in the nonheated group (34.93°C).
- Temperature reduction correlated with surgical duration only in the nonheated group (p < .05).
- Heated CO₂ delayed temperature drop, occurring after 20 minutes vs. 5 minutes in nonheated cases.
- No significant differences between groups in anesthetic, surgical, or insufflation times.
- All dogs recovered uneventfully and were discharged the same day.
- Heated CO₂ may offer greater benefit in longer procedures or in small-sized dogs prone to hypothermia.
- No adverse effects were attributed to heated gas use in this clinical trial.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Effect of heated pneumoperitoneum on body temperature in dogs undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy—A randomized controlled trial
2025-5-VS-ferreira-3
In Gant 2025 et al., on skin prep and SSI, which two combinations were compared for their impact on SSI?
🔍 Key Findings
- No statistically significant difference in overall SSI rates: 9.2% (chlorhexidine) vs. 7.38% (iodophor) (p = .25).
- Significant drape lift occurred in 13.2% of cases; those with lift had 2.72× increased risk of SSI (p = .026).
- Increased body weight was a statistically significant risk factor for SSI (p = .008): each 1 kg increased SSI risk by 3%.
- Use of glutaraldehyde was associated with a 2.38× increased risk of SSI (p = .055, approaching significance).
- No difference in SSI rates based on surgeon training level or surgical classification (clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated).
Veterinary Surgery
3
2025
Influence of skin preparation on surgical site infection and lift of adhesive surgical drapes
2025-3-VS-gant-2
In Burton 2025 et al., on antebrachial conformation, which group comparison showed a significant difference in both PRUDA and UCORA?
🔍 Key Findings
- PRUDA (proximal radio-ulnar divergence angle) and UCORA (ulnar center of rotation of angulation) were significantly greater in Cocker Spaniels with HIF vs those without.
- PRUDA (p < .001): Group 1 (HIF) vs Group 2 & 3.
- UCORA (p = .036): Group 1 vs Group 3.
- Other angles (MPRA, LDRA, PCRA, DCRA, torsion) showed no significant differences.
- Increased PRUDA and UCORA may lead to divergent load vectors across the humeral condyle, potentially predisposing to stress fracture (HIF).
- Measurement techniques using CT-based 3D reconstructions were reliable (intraobserver ICC > 0.84).
Veterinary Surgery
4
2025
Antebrachial conformation in Cocker Spaniels with and without humeral intracondylar fissure
2025-4-VS-burton-4
In Miller 2024 et al., on leak testing in cooled feline intestine, what was the finding regarding initial leak pressure (ILP) between fresh and cooled enterotomy constructs?
🔍 Key Findings
- No difference in initial leak pressure (ILP) or maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP) between cooled (17–29 h) and fresh enterotomy constructs.
- Wall thickness of duodenum and jejunum did not differ between fresh and cooled samples.
- Leak locations (suture holes vs clamp sites) were similar between groups; not statistically different.
- Volume of infusion did not influence ILP or MIP outcomes.
- Mean ILP values: Control = 600 mmHg (maxed), Fresh = 200 mmHg, Cooled = 131 mmHg; CE vs FE difference was not significant.
- Intraluminal diameter was largest in the ileum, followed by jejunum and duodenum.
- Cadaveric intestine cooled ≤29h may be reliably used in ex vivo feline leak pressure studies.
- First report of gross small intestinal lengths by region in cats—useful for resection planning.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Cooled feline intestine and fresh intestine did not differ in enterotomy leak pressure testing or in gross wall thickness measurement
2024-5-VS-miller-1
In Glenn 2024 et al., on client-based SSI surveillance, what proportion of SSIs were identified *only* via active surveillance?
🔍 Key Findings
- Algorithm 3 had the highest overall accuracy (95.5%) in diagnosing SSIs from client questionnaires.
- Active surveillance identified 19.4% more SSIs compared to passive surveillance alone.
- SSI rate was 8.22% across 754 surgeries; 33.9% of SSIs required revision surgery.
- Client-based responses were 37.9% more frequent than those from referring veterinarians.
- Deep/implant SSIs could be missed if not associated with visible wound healing problems.
- Two late SSIs (after 90 days) occurred, both linked to implant surgeries.
- Algorithm 1 was the most sensitive (87.1%) but less specific; useful for screening.
- Algorithm 2 had the highest specificity (97.9%); useful as a “rule-in” diagnostic method.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Evaluation of a client questionnaire at diagnosing surgical site infections in an active surveillance system
2024-8-VS-glenn-2
In Holman 2024 et al., on lateral arthroscopy of the canine shoulder, what percentage of the medial glenohumeral ligament’s cranial border was visible?
🔍 Key Findings
- 48% of the intra-articular biceps tendon was visible at a standing angle; this increased to 63% in flexion (p = 0.0003).
- 58% of the medial glenohumeral ligament's cranial border was within view.
- 20% of the subscapularis tendon was visualized via the standard lateral arthroscopic approach.
- Visibility was assessed using tattoo ink markers and confirmed via dissection in cadavers.
- Limitations of standard lateral portals may lead to underdiagnosis of deeper or distal pathology in these structures.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Quantification of the Field of View for Standard Lateral Arthroscopy of the Canine Shoulder
2024-1-VCOT-holman-3
In Schneider 2025 et al., on axillary LN extirpation, which statement best reflects the accuracy of cytology for staging ALNs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lateral approach to ALN extirpation was successful in 100% of cases (44 dogs, 48 ALNs) with consistent anatomical landmarks (costochondral junction of rib 1 and caudal scapular edge).
- Median time for ALN removal was 16.6 minutes, highlighting a fast and efficient dissection method.
- No intraoperative complications were recorded (e.g., hemorrhage or inability to find the lymph node).
- Postoperative complications occurred in 18% of cases, including seromas (n=2), wound dehiscence (n=4), lameness (n=1), and discomfort (n=1).
- Histopathology revealed 56% of ALNs had tumor-related pathology, including overt metastases, early metastasis (HN2), or premetastatic changes (HN1).
- Normal-sized ALNs (<2 cm) still harbored metastases in 22% of cases, emphasizing the unreliability of size as a staging criterion.
- False negatives in cytology occurred in 4 cases, underlining the limitations of cytologic evaluation for staging.
- The technique was reproducible without specialized tools, suggesting wide applicability in general and referral practice.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Axillary lymph node removal for staging cancer; description of a lateral approach and application in 44 tumor-bearing dogs
2025-6-VS-schneider-5
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