🔍 Key Findings

• Double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) reduced angle of lateral opening (ALO) by a median of 11° (p ≤ .001).
• Despite ALO correction, THR reluxation occurred in 5/11 dogs, often within 7 days post-DPO.
• Post-DPO ALO remained elevated (median 56°), with only 2 dogs achieving the recommended 35–45° range.
• Explantation was required in 7/11 dogs (5 aseptic loosenings, 2 infections), suggesting poor long-term implant survival.
• Dogs with luxoid hips were more likely to fail, even with corrected ALO, emphasizing soft tissue instability as a risk factor.
• Compared to TPO (23° correction), DPO yielded a smaller ALO correction, possibly due to older dog population and less elastic pelvis.
• No ventral luxation occurred post-DPO, unlike in TPO studies, likely due to more conservative ALO reduction.
• Authors do not recommend routine DPO for THR luxation due to high complication and failure rates.

🔍 Key Findings

• External skeletal fixation (ESF) was successfully applied to a variety of pelvic fracture types in cats, including sacroiliac luxations and ilial body fractures.
• All fractures achieved radiographic union within 9 weeks, even in comminuted or complex configurations.
• No intraoperative or long-term complications were reported during the study period.
• Implant loosening was observed radiographically in 13% of cases, with 8% of pins found to be loose at frame removal.
• ESF enabled indirect fracture reduction using components as handles, with a limited open approach minimizing soft tissue disruption.
• No iatrogenic neurological deficits were observed, supporting safe pin placement near neurovascular structures, although some cats presented with pre-existing neurologic signs.
• No cases required revision surgery, and all cats underwent stabilization solely with ESF as per study inclusion criteria.
• Postoperative hospitalization ranged from 2 to 5 days, though no comparison to other fixation types was evaluated.

🔍 Key Findings

• Lateral approach to ALN extirpation was successful in 100% of cases (44 dogs, 48 ALNs) with consistent anatomical landmarks (costochondral junction of rib 1 and caudal scapular edge).
• Median time for ALN removal was 16.6 minutes, highlighting a fast and efficient dissection method.
• No intraoperative complications were recorded (e.g., hemorrhage or inability to find the lymph node).
• Postoperative complications occurred in 18% of cases, including seromas (n=2), wound dehiscence (n=4), lameness (n=1), and discomfort (n=1).
• Histopathology revealed 56% of ALNs had tumor-related pathology, including overt metastases, early metastasis (HN2), or premetastatic changes (HN1).
• Normal-sized ALNs (<2 cm) still harbored metastases in 22% of cases, emphasizing the unreliability of size as a staging criterion.
• False negatives in cytology occurred in 4 cases, underlining the limitations of cytologic evaluation for staging.
• The technique was reproducible without specialized tools, suggesting wide applicability in general and referral practice.

🔍 Key Findings

• Study population: 36 brachycephalic dogs (20 French bulldogs, 16 pugs).
• Objective: Compare intra- and interobserver reliability for fluoroscopic measurement of nasopharyngeal collapse using two methods:
  • Functional method
  • Anatomically adjusted method
• Key measurements: Minimum (LMin), maximum (LMax) dorsoventral height, and dynamic change ratio (ΔL).
• Outcomes:
  • Intraobserver agreement for ΔL was higher with the functional method (ICC 0.751 vs. 0.576).
  • Observer 1 (radiologist) showed excellent repeatability (>0.9 ICC).
  • Agreement for grading collapse was only moderate (κ ~0.49–0.53), worse than ΔL-based agreement.
  • ΔL ≥ 0.5 to <1 = partial collapse; ΔL = 1 = complete collapse.

🔍 Key Findings

Incidence of BFX lateral bolt stem breakage: 2.95% (13 dogs, 14 stems)

Implant factors:

• 13/14 were BFX lateral bolt stems (sizes #5–7)
• +9 necks used in 5/11 of 17 mm heads
• 10/14 stems undersized based on radiographs
• 10/13 dogs exceeded weight limits for implanted stem size

Malalignment:

• 10/14 had varus alignment (median 3.9°)
• 8/14 had insufficient proximodistal seating

Breakage site: Proximolateral shoulder in all cases

Revision outcomes:

• 11 revised (7 CFX, 3 larger BFX, 1 collared)
• 9/10 revised dogs regained full function
• Complications: 1 rebreakage, 1 periprosthetic fracture, 1 fixation failure

Histopathology:

• Electron microscopy showed fatigue striations and incomplete bead fusion

Conclusion: Avoid small BFX lateral bolt stems if undersized or if long necks required; use weight guidelines to prevent fatigue failure.

🔍 Key Findings

• 3D-printed drill guides (3D-GDT) significantly reduced craniocaudal and dorsoventral drilling angle deviation compared to free-hand drilling technique (FHDT), with statistical significance (p < .0001 and p = .01 respectively).
• No sacral corridor breaches occurred with 3D-GDT, whereas FHDT resulted in 20% drill exit incidences (3/15 cases).
• 3D-GDT had lower deviation from optimal drill trajectory at end points in all axes: craniocaudal (1.84 ± 1.6 mm vs. 4.18 ± 2.4 mm), dorsoventral (1.11 ± 1.0 mm vs. 2.4 ± 1.5 mm), and 3D linear (2.47 ± 1.4 mm vs. 5.35 ± 2.2 mm), all statistically significant.
• Strong correlation (r = 0.77) between CT and 3D software measurements validated method reliability.
• 3D guide trajectories showed consistent proximity to the optimal trajectory, especially at drill endpoints, indicating reduced variability in execution.
• 3D-GDT was developed using open-source software and inexpensive materials, supporting future clinical application.
• Major errors in FHDT occurred primarily at the drill endpoint, underscoring the challenge of maintaining optimal angulation during free-hand drilling.
• The sacral corridor was recharacterized as pyramidal (not quadrilateral), with implications for safer implant placement.

🔍 Key Findings

• Study Design: Retrospective case series of 15 dogs (19 tarsi) with talar OCD.
• Technique: Modified arthroscopic approach with both scope and instrument portals on the same side as the lesion.
• Outcomes:
  • Good to excellent mid-to-long-term outcomes in 11/14 dogs.
  • Statistically significant improvement in CBPI (p < .05) and VAS scores (p < .05).
  • Minor postoperative complications (synovial cysts) in 4/13 tarsi, all resolved spontaneously.
  • No major intraoperative complications; 1/19 required mini-arthrotomy due to fragment size.
• Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD): Progression noted in 10/14 cases, despite good functional outcomes.
• Fragment Characteristics: Multiple osteochondral fragments were present in most cases, with 17/19 lesions on the medial talar ridge.
• Technical Advantage: Lower conversion rate to arthrotomy (1/19) compared to previous studies (Gielen et al. and Miller & Beale).

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 86 elbows assessed: 32 Guide Dogs, 11 Border Collies
• Guide Dogs showed significantly higher HU values in:
  • MCP: min (p = 0.022), mean (p < 0.01), max (p < 0.01)
  • Humeral trochlea: mean (p < 0.01), max (p < 0.01)
• Results imply breed-associated HU variation, not necessarily pathologic sclerosis
• Relevance: Important to avoid false positives for elbow dysplasia during CT-based breeding screens
• Good interobserver agreement for mean HU values (ICC ~0.82–0.90)

🔍 Key Findings

• TPLO with the contoured saw guide achieved more accurate osteotomy angles for both inclination and torsion in bone models and cadaveric limbs (p < .05).
• Medial cortical damage was significantly lower with the contoured guide (247 vs. 1866 pixels in bone models; p < .001).
• No significant difference in eccentricity (distance between actual and intended osteotomy center) was found between groups.
• Postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) was similar between groups (6.4° vs. 7.6°; p = .15), though both were slightly higher than the target of 6°.
• Deviation in medial mechanical proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) showed no significant group difference; valgus deformity occurred in both.
• Osteotomy and device application times were similar between the contoured guide and jig-assisted TPLO.
• The contoured guide eliminated the need for proximal jig pin, potentially reducing intra-articular pin risk.
• The guide's multiple pin fixation system improved stability and alignment, supporting safer osteotomy on curved tibial surfaces.

🔍 Key Findings

• Combined transpatellar + suprapatellar TBW technique yielded higher yield, peak, and failure loads than either technique alone.
• Construct stiffness was significantly higher in the combined group (61.2 N/mm) vs transpatellar (46.8 N/mm) and suprapatellar (28.5 N/mm).
• Lower incidence of gap formation in the combined group: only 22% had 1 mm gap vs 61% (transpatellar) and 39% (suprapatellar).
• Load to 3 mm gap was significantly higher in the combined group (p = .036), suggesting superior early repair site stability.
• Failure modes varied: suprapatellar most often failed via wire unraveling (67%), transpatellar via suture pull-through (67%); combined group had lower incidence of both.
• Patella fractures were observed only in the combined group (11%), likely due to transosseous tunnel stress.
• Wire unraveling was a predominant failure mode in suprapatellar (67%) and combined (39%) groups, but core suture pull-through was more common in the transpatellar group (67%); failure occurred by unraveling, not cyclic breakage.
• Study supports TBW augmentation to reduce load on primary repair and improve biomechanical durability of patellar tendon repairs.