🔍 Key Findings

• Extreme brachycephalic breeds (EBBs) presented more acutely and at younger ages, most often with neurological signs compared to other breeds.
• Preoperative signs such as facial nerve paresis, vestibular syndrome, and Horner’s syndrome were significantly more common in EBBs.
• EBBs showed more severe imaging findings, including higher rates of otitis interna (46.3% vs. 8.5%) and brainstem changes (17.5% vs. 3%).
• Intraoperative complications were more frequent in EBBs (11.1% vs. 5.3%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = .078).
• Perioperative complication rates did not differ significantly between EBBs and other breeds (23.5% vs. 29.3%).
• Surgical time was significantly longer in EBBs (median 115 vs. 95 minutes; p = .011).
• MRI or combined CT/MRI were more frequently used in EBBs, likely due to the higher prevalence of neurological signs.
• Despite anatomical challenges, complication rates in EBBs were comparable, supporting TECA-LBO safety in these breeds.

🔍 Key Findings

Sample: 21 cats (10 control, 11 affected); 14 normal limbs vs 18 with MPL (MPL II: 7, MPL III: 11).

Significantly different CT measurements in MPL vs control:

• aLDFA: MPL II > control and MPL III (p = 0.014)
• FTW: MPL III > control (p = 0.021)
• FTD: control > MPL II and III (p < 0.001)
• TTA: MPL II and III had increased external tibial torsion vs control (p < 0.001)
• fPL and PV: MPL III cats had longer and more voluminous patellae

No significant differences in AA, mMPTA, TTD, fPW, aPH.
Patella width exceeded trochlear width in all groups.
Authors suggest femoral and tibial angular correction may not be indicated in most feline MPL II–III cases.
Soft tissue techniques and trochleoplasty warrant further investigation.
CT method: Intraobserver ICC good in 64%, interobserver poor in 36% of metrics.

🔍 Key Findings

• GTO enabled successful cementless THR in dogs with severe medialization of the greater trochanter or chronic craniodorsal hip luxation.
• All 5 hips had acceptable long-term outcomes (median follow-up: 48 months) with full function and no persistent complications.
• Only one major complication occurred—a luxation unrelated to the GTO and successfully corrected with cup revision.
• GTO facilitated femoral canal access and gluteal preservation, reducing risk of iatrogenic injury during broaching.
• All GTOs healed radiographically (4 by 6 weeks, 1 by 12 weeks), with no cases of nonunion or implant migration.
• No complications related to GTO or PTBW fixation (pins + tension band) were observed in any dog.
• Surgical planning included templating both THR and GTO to ensure ideal alignment and reduce fracture risk.
• GTO may be especially valuable in luxoid hip dysplasia phenotypes or chronically fixed luxations.

🔍 Key Findings

Population: 9 dogs underwent revision of osteointegrated acetabular cups after total hip arthroplasty (THA)

Revision Indications:

• 7 luxations (5 ventral, 2 craniodorsal)
• 1 femoral stem fracture
• 1 aseptic stem loosening

Implants:

• 8 BFX cups, 1 Helica; all revised to BFX
• 7/9 required a larger cup than original

Cup removal: Required sectioning with a high-speed burr and modular osteotome; removal fragments extracted

Complications:

• 1 recurrent luxation
• 1 low-grade infection with possible metallic debris-associated osteolysis
• 2 femoral fissures managed intraoperatively

Outcomes:

• Good to excellent function in 6/6 dogs available at median 621 days
• Minimal complications with success in re-osteointegration of new cup

Clinical takeaway: Revision of stable, ingrown cups is feasible and offers an alternative to pelvic osteotomies; typically requires upsizing

🔍 Key Findings

• Partial cuneiformectomy (PC) did not increase complication rates compared to multilevel surgery alone (overall complications: PC = 16.3%, non-PC = 19.4%; p = .758).
• Major complication rates were not significantly different (PC = 11.6%, non-PC = 7.4%; p = .482).
• Significant improvement in BOAS grade was observed in dogs undergoing PC (p < .0001).
• BOAS index improved significantly in both groups, with greater median reduction in the PC group (28.5%) than non-PC (20.7%) (p < .0001).
• Low body condition score (BCS <4) was significantly associated with higher complication rates (odds ratio = 0.452; p = .004).
• Hospitalization duration did not differ between groups (median = 1 day; p = .743).
• Mortality was low (3.5%) in the PC group despite more severe airway disease, suggesting the technique is safe even in advanced collapse.
• The technique widened the rima glottidis without damaging surrounding structures, reducing airflow resistance and preserving laryngeal function.

🔍 Key Findings

• Adding Locking Head Inserts (LHI) to a 3.5-mm LCP had no effect on plate strain, stiffness, or deformation in an open fracture gap model.
• Peak strain consistently occurred at the Combi-hole over the fracture gap, with values up to ~1837 µε.
• No significant difference in strain was found across configurations with 0, 3, or 9 LHI (p = 0.847).
• Construct stiffness and compressive displacement also remained unchanged regardless of LHI count (p = 0.311 and 0.069 respectively).
• Study contradicted the hypothesis that LHI would reduce strain and increase stiffness under biologic loading.
• Combi-hole design may limit the efficacy of LHI, as LHI only fill the locking portion, not the compression side where strain peaks.
• Implant fatigue risk remains highest over unfilled screw holes, especially over fracture sites—confirming previous failure patterns.
• Surgeons should consider alternative methods to reduce strain when facing high implant load scenarios.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Study Design: Retrospective study of 100 radiographs using in silico and clinical data
• Mean preoperative TPA: 28.6°, higher in small dogs than large (p = .02)
• Mean planned TPA (in silico): 7.6°, not achieving 5° target (p < .01)
• Median postoperative TPA: 5.5° overall; higher in small dogs (7°) vs large (4.5°) (p = .06)
• Postoperative ostectomy position: More distal than recommended; average = 8.6 mm
• Increased distalization → greater under-correction of TPA (p = .01)
• Most accurate correction occurred when ostectomy was ≤7.5 mm from patellar tendon
• Wedge angle categories (TPA-Pre minus 5–2°) were used based on pre-op TPA

🔍 Key Findings

• 83% of dogs survived to discharge after adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma.
• Median survival time post-discharge was 1169 days (3.2 years).
• Preoperative alpha-blocker therapy (e.g., phenoxybenzamine) was not associated with improved survival.
• Dogs receiving alpha-blockers had higher intraoperative systolic BP, with median values 170 mmHg vs. 142 mmHg in non-treated dogs (P = .01).
• Intraoperative arrhythmias occurred in 30% of cases, with no difference between dogs receiving alpha-blockers and those not.
• Histologic vascular invasion occurred in ~70% of tumors.
• Tumor recurrence was suspected in 3 dogs, and metastasis in 8 dogs, though not histologically confirmed in most cases.
• Postoperative complications included refractory hypotension, acute kidney injury, and hypertension persisting >48 hours in 10 dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• No difference in initial leak pressure (ILP) or maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP) between cooled (17–29 h) and fresh enterotomy constructs.
• Wall thickness of duodenum and jejunum did not differ between fresh and cooled samples.
• Leak locations (suture holes vs clamp sites) were similar between groups; not statistically different.
• Volume of infusion did not influence ILP or MIP outcomes.
• Mean ILP values: Control = 600 mmHg (maxed), Fresh = 200 mmHg, Cooled = 131 mmHg; CE vs FE difference was not significant.
• Intraluminal diameter was largest in the ileum, followed by jejunum and duodenum.
• Cadaveric intestine cooled ≤29h may be reliably used in ex vivo feline leak pressure studies.
• First report of gross small intestinal lengths by region in cats—useful for resection planning.

🔍 Key Findings

• Arthroscopically assisted stabilization with an IAD was feasible in cadaveric canine shoulders using both bone anchor and suture-toggle techniques.
• Suture-toggle repair was successfully performed in all specimens, while bone anchors could not be deployed in 3/10 shoulders, indicating lower feasibility.
• Median surgical time was shorter for the suture-toggle group (25.5 min) compared to the anchor group (37.3 min).
• Postoperative abduction angles returned to baseline in the anchor group, while the suture-toggle group had slightly reduced angles, suggesting possible overtightening.
• Violation of the articular surface occurred in 2 anchor specimens and 1 suture-toggle specimen, but none were considered likely to be clinically significant.
• Overall targeting accuracy using the IAD was 88%, supporting its utility in guiding tunnel/anchor placement.
• CT measurements showed acceptable bone stock and insertion angles, but anchor insertion angles were lower than optimal for mechanical pullout strength.
• Suture-toggle technique was considered simpler and more consistent, with fewer complications and faster execution than anchor placement.