Your Custom Quiz
In Sullivan 2025 et al., on TTT stabilization methods, which stabilization method showed significantly different failure force or stiffness?
🔍 Key Findings
- Spacer pin fixation showed no difference in failure force or stiffness compared to tension band wire (TBW) or 2-pin techniques.
- All constructs failed under loads >1000 N, exceeding estimated peak quadriceps force in dogs during walking (~240 N).
- Patellar ligament failure was the most common mode of failure across all groups (5–8 samples per group).
- Distal tibial crest fractures were seen only in 2-pin and spacer pin groups, not in TBW group, suggesting TBW may protect against crest failure.
- No failures occurred at pin tracts, possibly due to pin placement within patellar ligament footprint.
- Spacer pin technique avoids placing pins through the tuberosity, potentially reducing risks of soft tissue complications like tendinopathy or irritation.
- Use of partial osteotomy with robust distal crest may substitute for TBW without compromising initial mechanical strength.
- Further in vivo or cyclic loading studies are required, as this cadaveric study tested only acute tensile failure.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Biomechanical Comparison of Spacer Pin Fixation to Two Established Methods of Tibial Tuberosity Transposition Stabilization in Dogs
2025-3-VCOT-sullivan-1
In García 2025 et al., on TIAS shunt confirmation, what confirmed complete shunt occlusion?
🔍 Key Findings
- 40 dogs with congenital EHPSS were surgically treated using intraoperative transsplenic injection of agitated saline (TIAS) to assess full temporary occlusion.
- TIAS was successful in 38/40 dogs; the remaining 2 had additional shunting vessels not originally seen and required further identification/ligation.
- No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred.
- TIAS allowed real-time confirmation of attenuation success using ultrasound-visible microbubbles.
- Median postoperative bile acids were 5 μmol/L (preprandial) and 25 μmol/L (postprandial).
- Long-term outcomes: 29/39 dogs had excellent, 10/39 had good outcomes; 3 dogs died unrelated to EHPSS.
- Technique is presented as a safe, quick, low-cost, accessible intraoperative assessment alternative to IOMP or SP.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2025
Use of intraoperative transsplenic injection of agitated saline to confirm temporary full attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs
2025-2-VS-garcia-1
In Paulick 2022 et al., on feline ilial plating, which of the following statements best describes the failure mode observed in **locking plate constructs**?
🔍 Key Findings
- Locking plates (except ALPS-5) withstood significantly more cycles before failure than nonlocking DCP constructs.
- ALPS-6.5, LCP, and FIXIN plates endured higher loads and resisted displacement better than DCP and ALPS-5.
- ALPS-5 plates showed lower bending stiffness than all other constructs (P < .05).
- DCP constructs failed due to screw loosening, seen in all specimens.
- Locking constructs failed by bone slicing, affecting 100% of specimens.
- Catastrophic implant failure (fracture or plastic deformation) occurred only in ALPS-5 group.
- Plate size and screw-plate interface both influence resistance to cyclic loading in feline ilial fracture repair.
- Locking plates are preferable for reducing screw pullout, but plate strength (e.g., cross-section) must match loading forces.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Ex vivo comparison of lateral plate repairs of experimental oblique ilial fractures in cats
2022-1-VS-paulick-4
In Jeon 2025 et al., on distal femoral shortening, what was the **median femoral shortening ratio** required to achieve prosthesis reduction?
🔍 Key Findings
- Distal femoral shortening osteotomy (DFSO) enabled prosthesis reduction in all 4 dogs with irreducible luxoid hips undergoing total hip replacement.
- Median femoral shortening ratio was 13.8% (range: 10.7–15.3%) based on intraoperative tension needed for prosthesis reduction.
- Bone union was achieved in all cases post-DFSO, indicating good healing potential.
- Two major complications occurred: one prosthetic luxation and one aseptic stem loosening requiring explantation.
- One intraoperative fracture of the greater trochanter occurred during trial reduction before DFSO.
- DFSO did not result in neurovascular injury, even in cases with significant femoral head displacement (>4 cm).
- Radiographic planning with FHD index and intraoperative assessment were crucial for determining DFSO necessity.
- DFSO avoids complications linked to subtrochanteric osteotomy by preserving proximal femoral anatomy and allowing secure distal fixation.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Distal femoral shortening osteotomy for managing irreducible hips during total hip replacement in four dogs with severe luxoid hips
2025-6-VS-jeon-2
In Eiger 2024 et al., on NIRFA-ICG in axial flaps, which flap had the highest visibility score (VFP 4) across all surgeons?
🔍 Key Findings
- Caudal superficial epigastric (CSE) flaps were most visible with NIRFA, scoring 4/4 VFP in 97% of evaluations.
- CSE flap margins were altered in 65% of observations after NIRFA, showing the strongest influence on surgical planning.
- Thoracodorsal (THO) and omocervical (OMO) flaps had lower visualization scores, with 60–81% of images scoring below 2.
- Surgeons were 17–25 times more likely to adjust margins for CSE flaps versus OMO or THO based on fluorescence imaging.
- Poor inter-rater agreement was found for OMO (ICC 0.49) and THO (ICC 0.35); CSE had near-perfect agreement, but ICC was low due to uniform high scoring.
- Visualization was affected by flap depth and panniculus, making deeper vessels (OMO, THO) harder to see.
- Surgeons often shortened flap length and reduced flap area when modifying based on NIRFA results.
- Real-time angiosome visualization via NIRFA-ICG may reduce necrosis risk and improve patient-specific APF design.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Use of near‐infrared fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green to evaluate direct cutaneous arteries used for canine axial pattern flaps
2024-6-VS-eiger-1
In Hawker 2024 et al., on checklist attitudes, what proportion of ACVS diplomates reported using a surgical safety checklist (SSC)?
🔍 Key Findings
- 67.9% of respondents reported using SSCs, with most indicating frequent use (64% used in every surgery).
- 78.7% agreed SSCs reduce complications, and 89.6% believed SSCs improve communication.
- Respondents not using SSCs were more likely to view them as a waste of time (p < .001).
- Forgetfulness (39.6%) and time constraints (36.5%) were leading reasons for checklist noncompletion.
- Only 23.3% had SSC training during surgical residency, with newer diplomates more likely to have had exposure (p < .001).
- Key strategies to improve uptake included: staff feedback modifications (67.9%), formal designation of initiator (48.6%), and training (52.2%).
- Surgeons and OR staff were most commonly identified as noncompliant team members.
- SSC use was more frequent in small animal practices, and mandating SSCs by management was favored but not always effective alone.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Attitudes towards surgical safety checklists among American College of Veterinary Surgeons diplomates
2024-5-VS-hawker-1
In Power 2022 et al., on liposomal bupivacaine use, what proportion of incisional complications required only topical treatment or no treatment?
🔍 Key Findings
- Overall complication rate was 19.7% (43/218), with most being mild (CSS 1).
- Soft tissue procedures had higher complication rates (26%) than orthopedic procedures (11.6%) (P < 0.01).
- No difference in complication rates between clean, clean-contaminated, and contaminated wounds (P = 0.55).
- No difference in complication rates between labeled use (CCL surgery) and off-label orthopedic procedures (P = 0.21).
- Majority of complications (63%) were mild, resolving without intervention or with topical therapy.
- Severe complications requiring revision surgery were rare (2.3%) and occurred mainly in soft-tissue surgeries.
- Most common complications included SSI (25.6%), dehiscence (16.3%), and seroma (14%).
- Liposomal bupivacaine appears safe for use in broader orthopedic procedures beyond current labeling.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Incidence and severity of short‐term incisional complications after intraoperative local infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine in dogs
2022-4-VS-power-4
In Longo 2023 et al., on CT trochlear measurements, what FTGA threshold was proposed for recommending trochleoplasty in small breed dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Dogs with MPL had significantly shallower femoral trochlear grooves compared to controls, based on CT-measured femoral trochlear groove angle (FTGA).
- FTGA >134° in small breeds (SB) and >128° in medium/large breeds (MLB) were associated with MPL and can serve as surgical thresholds for considering trochleoplasty.
- FTA and FTRIA measurements were less reliable, showing lower sensitivity/specificity than FTGA.
- Inter-rater reliability for FTGA was excellent (ICC > 0.9), supporting its use in clinical decision-making.
- FTGA differed significantly between SB and MLB dogs, suggesting anatomical variation influences MPL predisposition.
- Dogs with MPL but with FTGA below threshold may not benefit from trochleoplasty, supporting individualized surgical planning.
- CT provides more precise and reproducible evaluation of trochlear morphology than radiography or ultrasound.
- The study introduces a CT protocol using P25 and P50 reference points for consistent FTGA measurement.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2023
Computed tomographic measurements of the femoral trochlea in dogs with and without medial patellar luxation
2023-3-VS-longo-2
In Brincin 2023 et al., on radiographic follow-up post-MPL surgery, which clinical sign most commonly led to a change in postoperative management?
🔍 Key Findings
- Routine follow-up radiographs after MPL surgery influenced management in only 3% of asymptomatic cases.
- Isolated radiographic abnormalities were rare (3.3%) and even less likely to alter treatment unless accompanied by clinical concerns.
- Dogs with both radiographic changes and clinical/owner concerns had 32× higher odds of a management change (OR 32.16, P < .001).
- Lameness, NSAID use, or prior unplanned visits significantly increased the odds of altered post-op plans.
- Owner-reported concerns alone led to a change in only 1.6% of cases without corroborating clinical findings.
- Radiographic follow-up was deemed unnecessary in dogs without owner concerns or abnormal physical findings.
- Hands-on clinical exam remains critical, though video-based rechecks may aid triage in uncomplicated cases.
- The study supports selective radiographic follow-up, reducing unnecessary imaging, stress, and clinician workload.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2023
The value of routine radiographic follow up in the postoperative management of canine medial patellar luxation
2023-3-VS-brincin-5
In Kwok 2023 et al., on BFX lateral bolt THR in dogs, what percentage returned to normal function?
🔍 Key Findings
- 97.4% of dogs returned to normal function after total hip replacement using the BFX lateral bolt.
- Mean femoral stem subsidence was 1.22 mm, with most occurring in the first month and minimal thereafter.
- Postoperative complication rate was 13.6%, with 9.2% major and 4.4% minor complications.
- Femoral fractures (3.6%) and coxofemoral luxations (3.6%) were the most common major complications.
- Increased age and higher stem size were risk factors for postoperative femoral fractures; CFI >2.0 was also associated.
- Medial calcar fractures were avoided, and fractures occurred distal to stem ingrowth zone, simplifying repairs.
- Three cases underwent prophylactic plating, all with excellent outcomes and no complications.
- Explant rate was 2.6% (5/195), with most failures involving acetabular cup rather than femoral stem.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Clinical outcomes of canine total hip replacement utilizing a BFX lateral bolt femoral stem: 195 consecutive cases (2013–2019)
2023-1-VS-kwok-1
Quiz Results
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Key Findings