🔍 Key Findings

• Needle arthroscopy (NA) had 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for diagnosing medial meniscal tears in dogs with CCLR.
• NA missed 1 medial and 1 lateral meniscal tear, both nondisplaced and stable.
• Visibility of all meniscal horns was significantly lower with NA compared to standard arthroscopy (SA) (P < .005 for all horns).
• Probing the caudal horn of the lateral meniscus was significantly more difficult with NA (P = .0017), though medial horn probing was similar.
• Mean NA procedure time was 8 ± 3 minutes, significantly shorter than SA (15 ± 9 min, P = .0041).
• No increase in lameness observed after NA, indicating minimal procedural morbidity.
• NA was performed under sedation in most dogs, though 10/26 required additional chemical restraint or short anesthesia.
• NA was most accurate for displaced vertical longitudinal tears, with all 14 correctly identified; one stable tear and a lateral tear were missed.

🔍 Key Findings

• Nasopharyngeal collapse was significantly more severe in brachycephalic dogs (median 65%) than in nonbrachycephalic controls (median 10%) (p = .0001).
• Postoperative fluoroscopy showed no significant improvement in nasopharyngeal collapse (p = .0505), despite reported clinical improvement.
• 70% of brachycephalic dogs had ≥50% collapse; 26% had 100% collapse preoperatively.
• All owners of surgical cases reported clinical improvement, including reduced respiratory noise and improved exercise tolerance.
• Surgical techniques used included combinations of alaplasty, staphylectomy, sacculectomy, and tonsillectomy.
• Improvement in nasopharyngeal dimensions was variable, with some dogs improving ≥45%, some worsening, and one dog showing a 100% increase post-op.
• Pharyngeal collapse may not be solely anatomical; neuromuscular dysfunction (e.g., reduced pharyngeal dilator muscle function) may contribute.
• Current surgical techniques may not address functional airway abnormalities, suggesting a need for multimodal or targeted interventions.

🔍 Key Findings

Increased risk with gonadectomy:

• Pooled OR for CrCLD:
  • Females: 2.29 (95% CI: 1.77–2.95)
  • Males: 2.12 (95% CI: 1.67–2.69)

Early gonadectomy (≤1 year) further increased risk:

• OR vs >1 year:
  • Females: 3.39
  • Males: 3.13

Late gonadectomy (>1 year) had no significant difference vs intact dogs.

Breed-specific findings:

• Female Labradors: No increased CrCLD risk from gonadectomy (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.54–2.64)
• Male Labradors: Increased risk persisted (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.53–2.98)

Study type: Systematic review + meta-analysis of 24 observational studies (n = 1.85 million dogs)

🔍 Key Findings

50 dogs underwent bilateral anal sacculectomy using a modified closed technique.
Intraoperative anal sac perforation occurred in 5 dogs (10%), with no postoperative complications in those dogs.
Postoperative complications (43 dogs with follow-up):

• Grade 1 (e.g., scooting, inappropriate defecation): 14/43 (32%)
• Grade 2 (medical treatment needed): 2/43 (5%)
• Grade 3B (revision surgery): 2/43 (5%)

93% of grade 1 and 100% of grade 2–3B complications resolved by two weeks postop.
Technique highlights: direct duct tracking, no anal sac packing, minimal dissection.

🔍 Key Findings

• TEA significantly increased the rima glottis area (RGA) from a mean of 0.52 cm³ to 0.78 cm³ (p < .0001)
• Mean RGA increased by 157%, equivalent to an 84% estimated decrease in airway resistance
• LEGS (laryngeal epiglottic-glottic seal) remained intact in all cadavers post-procedure, indicating maintained airway protection
• TEA was technically feasible in all 15 cadaveric dogs using a custom endoscopic gag port (EGP)
• TEA avoids cervical dissection, potentially reducing surgical trauma and risks compared to UAL (unilateral arytenoid lateralization)
• Compared to UAL, TEA showed slightly less RGA increase, but greater LEGS preservation, potentially reducing aspiration risk
• No cartilage was included in sutures; arytenopexy involved soft tissue fixation to pharyngeal wall across the piriform recess
• Cadaver model limitations include inability to assess functional outcomes like swallowing and respiratory motion impact

🔍 Key Findings

• Liver lobectomy was the most common treatment (27/36 dogs), with multiple lobes removed in ~1/3 of cases.
• Septic peritonitis was present in 21/23 sampled dogs, making it a frequent complication.
• Perioperative complications occurred in 21/36 dogs, including aspiration pneumonia, pancreatitis, and acute kidney injury.
• Intraoperative hypotension was common (32/36), often requiring vasopressors or colloids.
• Mortality prior to discharge was 21% (8/38), with deaths related to sepsis, aspiration pneumonia, and multi-organ dysfunction.
• Median survival time was 638 days in dogs surviving to discharge.
• No recurrence of hepatic abscessation was observed in the surviving population.
• E. coli and Clostridium spp. were the most commonly cultured organisms, often as single-agent infections.

🔍 Key Findings

• Study population: 116 dogs underwent cementless THR; grouped by age:
  • Group A: ≤6 months (n = 27)
  • Group B: >6 to ≤12 months (n = 41)
  • Group C: >12 months (n = 48)
• Overall perioperative complication rate: 31.9% (37/116)
  • Group A: 22.2%
  • Group B: 26.8%
  • Group C: 41.7%
• No significant difference in total complication rate by age (p = .207), though older dogs (Group C) had numerically higher rates.
• Luxation was significantly more common in dogs >12 months:
  • Group C: 14.6% vs. Group A (0%) and Group B (2.4%) → p = .049
• Most common complications: luxation (9.5%) and intraoperative fissure or fracture (9.5%)
• Time under anesthesia and surgery duration were not associated with complication risk (p = .297 and p = .781)
• No infections or aseptic loosening observed during the 8-week follow-up.

🔍 Key Findings

• Short working length constructs had significantly higher stiffness and lower strain than long constructs in compression bending (p = 0.0172).
• In tension bending, short constructs also had higher precontact stiffness and lower strain, but this reversed after transcortical contact (~150 N).
• Transcortical contact increased stiffness only in long constructs, producing a bilinear load-displacement curve.
• Postcontact stiffness was higher in long constructs, but this may not reflect clinical benefit due to risks of high interfragmentary strain.
• Short working length reduced strain at multiple ROIs under both loading conditions, including over fracture gap (Tables 1–3).
• Increased working length promoted stress concentration and deformation, especially in compression bending.
• In vitro benefits of long constructs (via contact stability) may not translate to healing, as repetitive loading could increase plate strain and bone resorption.
• Plate strain was effectively mapped using 3D digital image correlation, confirming regional strain differences between configurations.

🔍 Key Findings

• This anatomical study mapped fascial planes of the canine hindlimb and pelvis to aid superficial tumor resection.
• Type I fascia (discrete sheets) was suitable for deep margins in fascia lata, lateral crus, and gluteal regions.
• Areas with poor or absent fascia included the ischiorectal fossa, femoral triangle, stifle extensor mechanism, and pes.
• Type IV fascia associated with periosteum (e.g., patella, tibial tuberosity) required partial ostectomy for inclusion in surgical margins.
• Nerves at risk during deep dissection included obturator, superficial peroneal, and tibial nerves, particularly in regions with weak fascia.
• In males, bulbospongiosus muscle could act as a fascial plane but dissection was challenging and potentially hemorrhagic.
• In females, constrictor vulvae/vestibulae muscles were tightly associated with mucosa, limiting clean resection options.
• Distal hindlimb resections often lacked a usable fascial plane, suggesting that amputation or adjuvant therapy may be more appropriate.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Evaluated ideal dorsolateral implant trajectories in T1–T13 using CT in 30 dogs across five weight classes.
• Corridor widths were narrowest in the mid-thoracic vertebrae (as little as 1.8 mm) and increased cranially and caudally.
• Allowable deviation angles (ADA) were often very small (as little as 3°), indicating high risk for canal or thoracic structure breach.
• Distances to critical structures (lungs, aorta, subclavian artery, azygos vein) were often <1 mm, even in large dogs.
• Data suggest extreme caution and precision are needed for thoracic vertebral implant placement and support use of navigation or 3D-printed guides.