Your Custom Quiz
In Chen 2024 et al., on pressure-measurement tools, what was the largest mean error observed among the tested devices?
🔍 Key Findings
- WMg (water manometer with gauge) was the most accurate and precise pressure measurement device.
- APT (arterial pressure transducer) was less accurate than WMg but still precise; it differed significantly from the gold standard (WMr).
- CCT (Compass CT) was the least accurate and precise and differed significantly from the set pressure.
- Mean differences from set pressure were smallest for WMg (−0.020 cm H2O), moderate for APT (−0.390 cm H2O), and largest for CCT (−1.267 cm H2O).
- All devices showed excellent interobserver (ICC = 1.000) and intraobserver agreement (ICC range 0.985–0.998).
- Even though the CCT performed least well, all devices had mean errors ≤1.3 cm H2O, indicating potential clinical utility.
- WMg or WMr should be preferred in surgical settings due to superior accuracy and precision.
- Measurement precision is more critical than accuracy during PSS surgery, as a 1 mm Hg (~1.3 cm H2O) increase in portal pressure raises odds of poor outcomes by 9%.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Accuracy, precision, and interobserver and intraobserver agreements related to pressure-measurement devices
2024-4-VS-chen-2
In Miller 2024 et al., on staple vs. hand-sewn feline GI techniques, which enterotomy method showed significantly lower intraluminal pressure resistance?
🔍 Key Findings
- Skin staple anastomosis (SSA) had comparable leak pressures to hand-sewn anastomosis (HSA) but required half the time to complete.
- Skin staple enterotomy (SSE) had significantly lower leak pressures than hand-sewn enterotomy (HSE) and failed in 12/20 constructs during pressure testing.
- HSE constructs took 8× longer to complete than SSE, but had much higher intraluminal pressure tolerance.
- All SSE constructs leaked from the center, with 35% leaking immediately and 60% showing catastrophic failure.
- SSA leakage occurred at the center in 40% of constructs, likely due to a learning curve in early samples.
- All constructs had higher pressures than normal physiologic intestinal pressure (4.0 mmHg ±2.0), except some SSEs with immediate leaks.
- Authors recommend SSA as a viable alternative with appropriate training but do not recommend SSE using the tested technique in live cats.
- Staple size and placement technique are key factors; smaller or more precisely placed staples may reduce leak risk.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Performance time and leak pressure of hand-sewn and skin staple intestinal anastomoses and enterotomies in cadaveric cats
2024-4-VS-miller-1
In Hoenecke 2025 et al., on radiographic opacity in patella luxation, which variable was found to significantly increase the likelihood of radiographic soft tissue opacity in the stifle?
🔍 Key Findings
- 65% of stifles with patella luxation and intact CCLs had increased radiographic soft tissue opacity
- Weight and radiographic OA were significantly associated with increased opacity (p = .0029 and p = .0143)
- Each 1 kg increase in weight increased the odds of opacity by 10%
- Grade of patella luxation, age, and muscle atrophy were not significantly associated with increased opacity
- 19% of dogs with long-term follow-up developed a CCL rupture post-patella surgery, 50% of those had opacity at initial presentation
- Radiographic opacity alone should not be interpreted as CCL disease in dogs with patella luxation
- Radiographic findings likely represent effusion or synovial hyperplasia, not CCL pathology
- Arthrotomy was used to confirm CCL integrity at surgery, but arthroscopy could provide better sensitivity
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Increased radiographic stifle soft tissue opacity in dogs with patella luxation
2025-7-VS-hoenecke-1
In Smith 2024 et al., on ergonomics and preferences in veterinary laparoscopy, which grip type was preferred by surgeons for suturing and knot tying?
🔍 Key Findings
- Surgeons with smaller glove sizes experienced more difficulty using laparoscopic instruments, especially endoscopic staplers, cup biopsy forceps, and vessel sealing devices.
- Endoscopic stapler was rated the most difficult instrument, with a median difficulty score of 4/10 and 25% usage difficulty.
- Female surgeons reported significantly more difficulty with several instruments due to smaller glove size.
- Reusable instruments were preferred over disposable ones for all tasks.
- Pistol grips were preferred for grasping/retracting and fine dissection, while axial grips were preferred for suturing/knot tying.
- Articulating handles were consistently associated with increased reported difficulty, especially with scissors and cup biopsy forceps.
- Left-handed surgeons had more difficulty operating endoscopic staplers, suggesting limited design inclusivity.
- Surgeons in academic settings reported more difficulty with laparoscopic maneuvers than those in private practice.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Variables affecting surgeons’ use of, and preferences for, instrumentation in veterinary laparoscopy
2024-3-VS-smith-2
In McCarthy 2022 et al., on 3D drill guide accuracy, what was the primary proposed benefit of using a 3D-printed guide?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed drill guides (3D-GDT) significantly reduced craniocaudal and dorsoventral drilling angle deviation compared to free-hand drilling technique (FHDT), with statistical significance (p < .0001 and p = .01 respectively).
- No sacral corridor breaches occurred with 3D-GDT, whereas FHDT resulted in 20% drill exit incidences (3/15 cases).
- 3D-GDT had lower deviation from optimal drill trajectory at end points in all axes: craniocaudal (1.84 ± 1.6 mm vs. 4.18 ± 2.4 mm), dorsoventral (1.11 ± 1.0 mm vs. 2.4 ± 1.5 mm), and 3D linear (2.47 ± 1.4 mm vs. 5.35 ± 2.2 mm), all statistically significant.
- Strong correlation (r = 0.77) between CT and 3D software measurements validated method reliability.
- 3D guide trajectories showed consistent proximity to the optimal trajectory, especially at drill endpoints, indicating reduced variability in execution.
- 3D-GDT was developed using open-source software and inexpensive materials, supporting future clinical application.
- Major errors in FHDT occurred primarily at the drill endpoint, underscoring the challenge of maintaining optimal angulation during free-hand drilling.
- The sacral corridor was recharacterized as pyramidal (not quadrilateral), with implications for safer implant placement.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Accuracy of a drilling with a custom 3D printed guide or free‐hand technique in canine experimental sacroiliac luxations
2022-1-VS-mccarthy-5
In Larose 2024 et al., on fluorescence cholangiography, what timing of fluorescence onset was typical after ICG administration?
🔍 Key Findings
- Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography (NIRFC) was feasible and safe in all healthy dogs studied, with no major adverse effects noted.
- Low-dose ICG (0.05 mg/kg) at 3 h pre-op achieved the highest target-to-background (cystic duct-to-liver) contrast ratio, reaching nearly 4:1 at 280 minutes.
- Early imaging (time 0) favored low-dose ICG for optimal cystic duct visualization; high-dose ICG led to excessive liver fluorescence and reduced contrast.
- Visualization of biliary tree occurred within 10–20 min post-injection regardless of dose, but longer delays improved background clearance and contrast.
- No significant cardiovascular or histamine-related side effects were observed with either dose of ICG.
- Repeated ICG injections showed minimal residual fluorescence when using a >72 h washout period; shorter intervals caused mild carryover in high-dose groups.
- Surgeon scoring matched contrast ratios, confirming clinical relevance of imaging outcomes.
- Recommended dose for laparoscopic imaging: 0.05 mg/kg ICG given 3–5 h before surgery, or at premedication for urgent cases.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography in dogs: A pilot study
2024-4-VS-larose2-3
In Wood 2024 et al., on knot security and locking throws, which knot had the poorest performance, especially without a locking throw?
🔍 Key Findings
- Adding a single locking throw significantly increased holding security for specific knots, including the surgeon's throw (p = .0001) and square throw (p = .0002).
- For the Miller's throw (p = .166) and strangle throw (p = .808), no significant improvement was observed with a locking throw.
- After locking throw addition, all five knots leaked at similar pressures (p = .5233), and these pressures exceeded physiologic arterial pressures.
- Surgeon's throw without a locking throw had the lowest leak pressure (62.5 ± 46.2 mm Hg), below physiologic arterial values.
- The square throw without locking also leaked below physiologic pressures (148.7 ± 109.4 mm Hg), though it outperformed the surgeon's throw.
- Miller’s and strangle throws performed significantly better than square or surgeon’s throws without locking, achieving leak pressures >200 mm Hg.
- All knots used 2-0 polyglyconate monofilament (Maxon); no comparisons across suture types or sizes were performed.
- Authors concluded that correct tensioning and locking throw addition are key to safe vascular ligation. Miller’s, strangle, or slip knots are preferred for challenging surgical fields.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Influence of a single locking throw on the in vitro holding security of five friction knots using two monofilament suture materials in a canine model
2024-4-VS-wood-5
In Buote 2023 et al., on laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in cats, what technique helped avoid staple line misplacement near the lesser curvature?
🔍 Key Findings
- LVSG was feasible in 9/10 feline cadavers and both live cats, with no intra- or postoperative complications in live cases.
- Two cadavers developed suspected stenosis due to staple lines too close to the lesser curvature; avoided with orogastric tube placement in later cases.
- No evidence of gastric leakage in any cadavers (8/10 tested) or live patients after methylene blue leak tests.
- Mean surgical time was ~110 min cadavers / 115 min live, and 27.6% of stomach mass was resected.
- Both live cats recovered uneventfully, lost 21–24% body weight over 3 months, and had no GI complications at 6-month follow-up.
- Orogastric tube and tension on the greater curvature were critical to avoid staple line misplacement or stenosis.
- No oversew of the staple line was needed, and unreinforced staples showed no leakage in live patients.
- Future studies needed to assess metabolic outcomes and ideal staple sizing and closure techniques.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy in felines: A cadaveric feasibility study and experimental case series in two cats
2023-6-VS-buote2-4
In Heald 2022 et al., on PED wound therapy, what antimicrobial mechanism is attributed to the electroceutical dressing?
🔍 Key Findings
- Electroceutical dressing (PED) promoted complete healing of chronic wounds in both a dog and a cat previously unresponsive to standard therapies.
- Infection clearance occurred in both animals by the end of PED therapy, as shown by negative culture results.
- In the dog, wound area reduced by ~4.2× over 10 days; healing completed by day 67 with no further antibiotic therapy.
- In the cat, wound area reduced by ~2.5× over 17 days; healing completed by day 47 without systemic antibiotics.
- PEDs function via direct current (DC) stimulation, believed to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) with antibacterial properties.
- No side effects or adverse tissue reactions were observed in either case, supporting biocompatibility.
- Multidrug-resistant organisms (e.g., S. pseudintermedius, S. canis, S. epidermidis) were eradicated by PED treatment.
- PED therapy may reduce reliance on antibiotics and surgery, offering a novel adjunct for chronic, infected wounds.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Electroceutical treatment of infected chronic wounds in a dog and a cat
2022-3-VS-heald-1
In Veytsman 2023 et al., on feline insulinoma outcomes, what percentage of cats survived to hospital discharge?
🔍 Key Findings
- Surgical excision of insulinomas resulted in euglycemia or hyperglycemia in 90% of cats immediately post-op.
- 18/20 cats (90%) survived to hospital discharge, with a median survival time of 863 days.
- Younger age, metastasis at surgery, tumor invasion, and lower glucose levels were negative prognostic factors.
- Two cats had stage III disease with metastasis; one lived 413 days post-op, suggesting some benefit to surgery even in advanced disease.
- Postoperative hypoglycemia and seizure activity were associated with poorer outcomes; one cat euthanized due to seizures despite euglycemia.
- Median disease-free interval (DFI) was 1052 days; for cats with metastasis, DFI dropped to 93 days.
- Partial pancreatectomy was performed in 11 cats, nodulectomy in 10, and enucleation in 1; method of resection not linked to outcome.
- Postoperative complications occurred in 25% of cats; most were manageable with supportive care.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Retrospective study of 20 cats surgically treated for insulinoma
2023-1-VS-veytsman-4
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings