Your Custom Quiz
In Latifi 2022 et al., on forelimb fascial mapping, which fascial type was most frequently observed in the antebrachium of dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fascia was present over most of the canine forelimb, but key areas like the elbow, carpus, and manus lacked robust fascial planes for wide resection.
- Type I fascia (discrete sheet) was primarily found in the antebrachium, with type IV (periosteal) fascia located at the olecranon, scapular spine, and accessory carpal bone.
- Distal antebrachial fascia was thin and adherent, often blending with carpal structures and lacking reliable surgical planes.
- Partial tenectomy or joint capsule resection was often required for wide excision in the distal limb, especially over the triceps tendon and carpus.
- Nerve transections (e.g., superficial radial or ulnar branches) were commonly needed to maintain fascial margins, though often with minimal functional loss due to overlapping innervation.
- Digital and metacarpal pads lacked clear deep fascial borders, making digit amputation necessary for oncologic margins in distal tumors.
- Dissections revealed fascial junctions as either Type A (easily separable) or Type B (risk of disruption), guiding resection plane selection.
- Findings provide a surgical map to guide preoperative planning for superficial tumor excision on the forelimb.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Fascial plane mapping for superficial tumor resection in dogs. Part II: Forelimb
2022-1-VS-latifi-1
In Kennedy 2024 et al., which muscle group was most frequently damaged by the caudal portal?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 20 shoulders from 11 medium-to-large breed dogs evaluated
- Lateral portals used: middle arthroscopic, caudal instrument, cranial egress
- Musculotendinous lesions unavoidable, but small (18G needle); seen in deltoideus (90%), infraspinatus, teres minor, etc.
- Neurovascular safety:
- Caudal portal was closest to axillary artery/nerve branches (as close as 7 mm)
- Only 2/20 shoulders (10%) had omobrachial vein penetrated
- Cartilage injuries (IACI) occurred in 65%, primarily minor linear defects; use of guarded cannulas and distractors suggested for minimization
- Supports overall safety of lateral shoulder arthroscopy with portal placement awareness
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Evaluation of Canine Shoulder Arthroscopy for Anatomical and Safety Considerations
2024-4-VCOT-kennedy-4
In García 2025 et al., on TIAS shunt confirmation, what was the outcome in dogs with microbubbles still visible after initial occlusion?
🔍 Key Findings
- 40 dogs with congenital EHPSS were surgically treated using intraoperative transsplenic injection of agitated saline (TIAS) to assess full temporary occlusion.
- TIAS was successful in 38/40 dogs; the remaining 2 had additional shunting vessels not originally seen and required further identification/ligation.
- No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred.
- TIAS allowed real-time confirmation of attenuation success using ultrasound-visible microbubbles.
- Median postoperative bile acids were 5 μmol/L (preprandial) and 25 μmol/L (postprandial).
- Long-term outcomes: 29/39 dogs had excellent, 10/39 had good outcomes; 3 dogs died unrelated to EHPSS.
- Technique is presented as a safe, quick, low-cost, accessible intraoperative assessment alternative to IOMP or SP.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2025
Use of intraoperative transsplenic injection of agitated saline to confirm temporary full attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs
2025-2-VS-garcia-2
In Monti 2025 et al., on lymph node fluorescence imaging, what was the median dissection time during laparoscopic removal of iliosacral lymph nodes using NIRF-ICG?
🔍 Key Findings
- Laparoscopic ISLN removal using NIRF-ICG was feasible in 89% of dogs (16/18), demonstrating high procedural success with minimal invasiveness.
- Median laparoscopic dissection time was only 12 minutes, suggesting efficiency of the NIRF-guided approach.
- No postoperative complications were observed, and intraoperative complications occurred in only 2 dogs (11.1%), both requiring conversion to open surgery.
- Metastatic disease was confirmed in 48% of patients (12/25 nodes), including cases where LNs appeared normal in size, highlighting the value of histologic evaluation.
- NIRF-ICG enabled precise identification of small and mildly enlarged nodes, which are often missed during traditional imaging or palpation.
- Fluorescent dye leakage following LN capsule rupture limited visibility and required surgical conversion, indicating a key limitation of the technique.
- ICG signal was occasionally absent in metastatic LNs, likely due to lymphatic rerouting or obstruction, underscoring limitations in SLN identification.
- The lateral approach allowed consistent access to ipsilateral MILN, IILN, and sacral LNs, though contralateral nodes were inaccessible with this method.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Near‐infrared fluorescence‐guided minimally invasive surgery for iliosacral lymph node removal in 18 dogs (2023–2025)
2025-6-VS-monti-4
In Oramas 2025 et al., on laparoscopic liver lobectomy, what factor was strongly correlated with increased lobectomy time?
🔍 Key Findings
- 13 cadaver dogs underwent laparoscopic right lateral liver lobectomy in sternal recumbency using a transdiaphragmatic intrathoracic trocar (ITT).
- All lobectomies were successful, regardless of dog size.
- Median total surgical time: 35.5 min; median lobectomy time: 18.5 min.
- ITT port enhanced visualization and access to hilus.
- No correlation between body weight and hilus access (p = .78).
- Stronger correlation between liver lobe weight and lobectomy time (r = .73, p = .004).
- Complication in 3/13 cases: Loss of insufflation due to balloon-tip port failure and pneumothorax.
- Recommendation: Use a new balloon trocar per case in clinical applications to prevent failure.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2025
Evaluation of sternal recumbency for laparoscopic right lateral liver lobectomy through a transdiaphragmatic port in a canine cadaveric population
2025-4-VS-oramas-2
In Adams 2022 et al., on C-section survival rates, which factor was most strongly associated with improved neonatal survival?
🔍 Key Findings
- Neonatal survival to discharge was 93.1% overall, with no significant difference between brachycephalic (94.8%) and nonbrachycephalic (91.8%) breeds.
- Elective C-section significantly improved neonatal survival (99.2%) compared to emergency C-section (87.1%) (p < .001).
- Larger C-section litter size was positively associated with survival (p = .004; OR 1.57), whereas total litter size had no effect.
- Maternal heart rate and stage of labor were associated with neonatal mortality in univariable analysis, but not multivariable.
- Brachycephalism alone was not a risk factor for neonatal mortality (p = .221) in multivariable analysis.
- Emergency C-section was the strongest predictor of neonatal mortality (OR 4.75), regardless of breed.
- Multidisciplinary team approach likely contributed to high survival rates, emphasizing importance of coordinated care.
- Historical factors such as primiparity and maternal age were not associated with mortality in this cohort.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Risk factors for neonatal mortality prior to hospital discharge in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing cesarean section
2022-7-VS-adams-2
In Walker 2022 et al., on TPLO mRUST scoring, which minimum score was associated with a 99% likelihood of subjective union?
🔍 Key Findings
- TPLO mRUST scoring showed improved inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.56) compared to subjective evaluation (Kappa = 0.33).
- Intra-rater reliability was similar for both methods (TPLO mRUST: 0.73, subjective: 0.72).
- TPLO mRUST scores ≥10/12 strongly correlated with radiographic union, as subjectively assessed (99% agreement).
- No significant difference in healing between first and second TPLO sides (P = .09), countering assumptions about load-bearing impact.
- Higher initial lameness scores and younger age were associated with higher TPLO mRUST scores, suggesting more robust healing in those groups.
- Postoperative complications were linked to lower TPLO mRUST scores, indicating impaired healing.
- Medial cortex was excluded from scoring due to plate obstruction, validating use of only 3 cortices for scoring.
- The TPLO mRUST system may standardize healing assessment, reducing subjective bias across specialties.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Evaluation of a modified radiographic union scale for tibial fractures scoring system in staged bilateral tibial plateau leveling osteotomy procedures and comparison of first and second side radiographic bone healing
2022-8-VS-walker-2
In Viitanen 2023 et al., on zygomatic sialoadenectomy, which approach required zygomatic arch osteotomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Intraoral approach (IOA) reduced surgical time compared to lateral orbitotomy (median: 42.0 vs 65.7 minutes, p = .005)
- Ease of closure (Stage III) was better with IOA (p < .001), though gland removal (Stage II) was easier with LOA (p = .039)
- Complete gland removal was achieved in 8/10 IOA vs 10/10 LOA cases in cadaveric study
- All 3 clinical cases had uneventful recoveries post-IOA, including one carcinoma, with no intra- or short-term postoperative complications
- LOA had superior surgical exposure, but was more invasive and time-consuming
- IOA posed greater difficulty in complete gland removal in brachycephalic dogs, with remnant tissue noted in 2/10 cadavers
- IOA avoids osteotomy, reducing potential complications like delayed union and postoperative pain
- Cosmetic outcomes and healing were better with IOA, and no E-collar was required postoperatively
Veterinary Surgery
2
2023
Intraoral approach for zygomatic sialoadenectomy in dogs: An anatomical study and three clinical cases
2023-2-VS-viitanen-1
In Welsh 2025 et al., on orthogonal plating, what change was consistently noted in all 3.5 mm plates?
🔍 Key Findings
- Compared unilateral plating (UP) vs orthogonal plating (OP) with 2.0, 2.4, and 3.0 mm plates (OP2.0, OP2.4, OP3.0).
- Model: acetal homopolymer (Delrin) rod with 29 mm fixed fracture gap, loaded axially (4–196 N, 90,000 cycles).
- OP constructs had 2.5–4.1x higher strength and 3.0–4.2x higher stiffness than UP constructs (p < .0002).
- UP had 3.5–4.1x higher gap strain than OP groups (p < .0075).
- All OP groups exceeded 1000 N max load before failure (vs 424 N for UP).
- Greater implant size in OP groups further increased performance.
- All constructs survived fatigue loading; 3.5 mm plates showed deformation, especially UP; OP plates remained intact.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2025
Biomechanical analysis of orthogonal and unilateral locking plate constructs in a fracture gap model
2025-4-VS-welsh-5
In Bilmont 2025 et al., on cup version comparison, what was the typical degree of underestimation when using truncated face version to infer open face version?
🔍 Key Findings
- Open face version was significantly greater than truncated face version by 14°–22° (p <.001).
- Open face version increased linearly with inclination and pelvic extension, while truncated face version remained largely stable.
- Truncated face version is an unreliable surrogate for open face version.
- Accurate interpretation of cup version should include both truncated face version and inclination.
- Canine 3D pelvic model and CT-based simulation used for all measurements.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
Assessment of BFX cup version in a three-dimensional model simulating the ventrodorsal radiographic view
2025-1-VS-bilmont-1
Quiz Results
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Key Findings