Your Custom Quiz
In Kuvaldina 2023 et al., in Minimally invasive axillary lymphadenectomy in dogs, what was the most common reason for conversion from endoscopic to open axillary lymph node excision?
🔍 Key Findings
- A minimally invasive endoscopic technique was successfully developed for excisional biopsy of axillary lymph nodes in dogs.
- The procedure was performed on 4 cadavers (6 limbs) and 3 clinical patients, with no major complications reported.
- Mean cadaveric time: accessory axillary node 5.1 min; axillary node 33 min. One limb had a double axillary node.
- In clinical cases, 2/3 were completed endoscopically; one required conversion to open due to node elevation difficulty.
- Surgical times in clinical cases ranged from 35 to 58 minutes, depending on node accessibility and number.
- Postoperative morbidity was minimal: no lymphedema, minor seroma or lameness resolved quickly.
- The SILS port approach enabled effective access, though precise placement was critical to visualization.
- This is the first reported veterinary endoscopic technique for axillary lymphadenectomy; potential for improved staging and reduced morbidity.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Development of a minimally invasive endoscopic technique for excisional biopsy of the axillary lymph nodes in dogs
2023-7-VS-kuvaldina-1
In Tani 2022 et al., on FCU tendon reconstruction, what was the long-term outcome for both dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fascia lata autograft reconstruction of the FCU tendon successfully treated carpal hyperextension in both dogs.
- Primary repair was not possible in one dog due to complete rupture; a fascia lata graft bridged the tendon gap.
- In the second case, elongated tendon was corrected and reinforced with fascia lata to prevent recurrence.
- Type I external skeletal fixation was used for 6 weeks to support tendon healing in both dogs.
- Postoperative gait and range of motion returned to normal, with no recurrence at 36-month follow-up.
- Ultrasonography aided diagnosis, revealing thinning and echogenic changes in the FCU tendon.
- Histologic findings showed mild, nonspecific muscle changes, suggesting injury rather than a systemic disease.
- No complications occurred, and fascia lata showed potential for biological integration and remodeling into tendon-like structure.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Reconstruction of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon with a fascia lata autograft in two dogs with carpal hyperextension
2022-8-VS-tani-4
In Young 2023 et al., on minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, what percentage of dogs developed permanent hypocalcemia requiring lifelong calcitriol?
🔍 Key Findings
- Short-term resolution of hypercalcemia occurred in 97.8% (44/45) of dogs.
- Long-term cure rate was 93.3%, comparable to traditional bilateral neck exploration.
- Postoperative hypocalcemia was observed in only 15.6%, which is lower than traditional approaches (36–63.8%).
- Permanent hypocalcemia occurred in 4.4%, requiring lifelong calcitriol supplementation.
- Minimally invasive approach had median surgical times of 26 min (unilateral) and 45.5 min (bilateral).
- Most lesions were adenomas (54.8%), followed by hyperplasia (27.4%) and carcinomas (3.2%).
- Ultrasound identified 98.4% (61/62) of abnormal glands, supporting it as the preferred imaging modality.
- One death due to non-compliance with calcitriol, emphasizing importance of postoperative management.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Surgical description and outcome of ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in 50 dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism
2023-1-VS-young-5
In Spies 2024 et al., on EHPSS in large dogs, what proportion of surviving surgically treated dogs were completely weaned off medical management?
🔍 Key Findings
- 63 dogs ≥15 kg with single EHPSS were reviewed.
- Most common breeds: Golden Retriever (28.6%), mixed breed (20.6%).
- Most common shunt types: splenocaval (25.4%) and portocaval (25.4%).
- 45 dogs received surgical attenuation; 18 were medically managed.
- 6.7% (3/45) of surgically treated dogs died due to shunt-related complications; 22.2% (4/18) of medically managed dogs died.
- Hypoplastic portal vein was noted in 52.9% of dogs where portal anatomy was described.
- 37.5% of surviving attenuated dogs were weaned off all medical management.
- Attenuated dogs had higher 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates (89%, 77%, 77%) than nonattenuated dogs (82%, 49%, 24%).
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Clinical presentation and short‐term outcomes of dogs ≥15 kg with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts
2024-2-VS-spies-4
In Nicolas 2024 et al., what spinal level was targeted using the lateral scapular osteotomy approach?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- The lateral approach via scapular osteotomy allowed safe access to the T1-2 foramen in a French Bulldog with foraminal disc extrusion.
- A mini-hemilaminectomy was performed, preserving articular facets.
- The dog had no neurologic deficits postoperatively, returned to ambulation within 24 hours, and was discharged in 3 days.
- At 10 months, CT confirmed excellent scapular healing and no recurrence.
- Double 2.4-mm locking plates provided stable fixation across the scapular spine.
- The technique avoided thoracic entry or dorsal spine dissection, suggesting a less invasive alternative for select T1-2 foraminal cases.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Scapular Osteotomy for Lateral Access to a T1-2 Foraminal Disc Extrusion, Treated by Mini-Hemilaminectomy in a Dog
2024-2-VCOT-nicolas-1
In Viitanen 2023 et al., on zygomatic sialoadenectomy, what was a cited benefit of intraoral approach in terms of postoperative management?
🔍 Key Findings
- Intraoral approach (IOA) reduced surgical time compared to lateral orbitotomy (median: 42.0 vs 65.7 minutes, p = .005)
- Ease of closure (Stage III) was better with IOA (p < .001), though gland removal (Stage II) was easier with LOA (p = .039)
- Complete gland removal was achieved in 8/10 IOA vs 10/10 LOA cases in cadaveric study
- All 3 clinical cases had uneventful recoveries post-IOA, including one carcinoma, with no intra- or short-term postoperative complications
- LOA had superior surgical exposure, but was more invasive and time-consuming
- IOA posed greater difficulty in complete gland removal in brachycephalic dogs, with remnant tissue noted in 2/10 cadavers
- IOA avoids osteotomy, reducing potential complications like delayed union and postoperative pain
- Cosmetic outcomes and healing were better with IOA, and no E-collar was required postoperatively
Veterinary Surgery
2
2023
Intraoral approach for zygomatic sialoadenectomy in dogs: An anatomical study and three clinical cases
2023-2-VS-viitanen-3
In McLean 2024 et al., why might ECA not have correlated with rock-back in this study?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 95 TPLO procedures reviewed retrospectively with follow-up radiographs
- Rock-back defined as increase in tibial plateau angle (TPA) ≥2° from immediate post-op to recheck
- 21% of stifles (20/95) experienced rock-back
- Mean ΔTPA among rock-back cases = 3.2° ± 2.6°
- No implant failures or tibial tuberosity fractures were reported in these cases
- Plate inclination and exit cut angle (ECA) were not associated with increased risk of rock-back (p = 0.4 and 0.2)
- Authors hypothesize that compression across osteotomy in vivo may mitigate torsional effects from ECA, unlike in gap-model studies
- Emphasizes that rock-back is relatively common, even with well-placed implants
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
6
2024
Effect of Plate Inclination and Osteotomy Positioning on Rock-back following Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy in Dogs
2024-6-VCOT-mclean-5
In Lin 2025 et al., on surgical approaches to the radius, what was the main neurovascular difference noted between CLA and CMA?
🔍 Key Findings
- Craniolateral approach (CLA) exposed significantly more radial surface area than craniomedial approach (CMA) (19.4 cm² vs. 13.8 cm²; p = 0.01).
- Proximal width of exposure was greater in CLA, especially at 12.5% length (P2 level, p = 0.016), aiding plate placement.
- No significant difference in exposed bone length between approaches.
- CLA avoided major neurovascular structures, making dissection cleaner and safer proximally.
- CMA consistently encountered median nerve/artery/vein, complicating proximal exposure.
- CLA allowed better access to proximal radius for locking plate application, which may benefit MIPO techniques.
- CLA also enables ulna fixation via the same incision, whereas CMA requires a separate skin incision.
- Anatomical tilt of the proximal cranial surface favored CLA, requiring less plate contouring than CMA for proper fit.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Does the Craniolateral Approach Provide Better Exposure to the Radius than the Craniomedial Approach for Internal Fracture Fixation in Dogs?
2025-3-VCOT-lin-2
In Galliano 2022 et al., on vascular access ports, which factor did **not** correlate with the development of complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- SVAPs placed in axillary (aSVAP) or femoral/external iliac veins (fSVAP) during limb amputation remained functional in 92.3% and 100% of cases, respectively.
- Complication rates were lower in aSVAP (23.1%) and fSVAP (0%) compared to jSVAP (47.4%), although not statistically significant (P = .12).
- No catastrophic complications occurred with aSVAP or fSVAP; 2 deaths occurred with jSVAP due to port-related issues.
- Infection-related port removal was needed in 1 aSVAP (7.7%) and 2 jSVAPs (10.5%) — no removals were required in fSVAPs.
- Tip placement of the catheter (e.g., right atrium vs. vena cava) did not correlate with complications (P = .66).
- Shorter surgical time likely with aSVAP/fSVAP as they use the same surgical field as the limb amputation.
- Survival time median was similar across groups (jSVAP: 177 days, aSVAP: 125 days, fSVAP: 122 days).
- SVAP implantation during limb amputation offers a practical and safe alternative to separate jugular placement.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Subcutaneous vascular access port implantation in the axillary or femoral/external iliac vein at the time of full limb amputation in dogs
2022-7-VS-galliano-4
In Kang 2022 et al., on 3D scaffold reconstruction, what was the primary diagnosis confirmed after tumor excision?
🔍 Key Findings
- Patient-specific 3D-printed PCL/β-TCP scaffold enabled successful zygomatic arch reconstruction in a dog.
- Complete surgical resection of a zygomatic parosteal osteosarcoma was achieved, with a 0.3 mm histologically clean margin.
- Post-op imaging showed progressive tissue ingrowth into the scaffold, with Hounsfield Units increasing from 20.4 to 97.8 over 10 months.
- No complications (e.g., infection, displacement) or tumor recurrence were noted at 16-month follow-up.
- Use of a patient-specific osteotomy guide improved anatomical fit and facilitated precise excision and implant placement.
- Facial symmetry and orbital stability were maintained throughout follow-up.
- The scaffold remained structurally stable despite limited bone regeneration, suggesting connective tissue filled the defect.
- Topical mitomycin C was applied intraoperatively for possible anti-neoplastic effect, but efficacy remains unclear.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Zygomatic arch reconstruction with a patient-specific polycaprolactone beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold after parosteal osteosarcoma resection in a dog
2022-8-VS-kang-2
Quiz Results
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Key Findings