🔍 Key Findings

• Augmenting FEESA with two simple interrupted crotch sutures (TCS) or simple continuous crotch suture (SCCS) significantly increased initial leakage pressure (ILP) compared to no suture or a single suture (NCS, SICS).
• SCCS had the highest ILP (47.6 mm Hg), followed by TCS (37.8 mm Hg), SICS (33.0 mm Hg), and NCS (27.1 mm Hg).
• All crotch suture types increased maximal leakage pressure (MLP) compared to no crotch suture.
• Leakage from the crotch occurred most commonly in NCS (67%) and SICS (50%), but only 8% with TCS and 0% with SCCS.
• SCCS was the only technique where leakage never occurred at the crotch site.
• SCCS had the highest MLP (100.6 mm Hg), supporting its use in clinical settings with high-risk patients.
• Intraluminal pressures during leakage in NCS constructs were sometimes below normal physiologic pressures, emphasizing risk of leakage without crotch suture.
• The transverse staple line never leaked in any group, indicating the crotch is the primary weak point.

🔍 Key Findings

• Overall closure-related complication rate was 14.1%, lower than previously reported (17–78%).
• No clinically meaningful difference in complication rate between orthopedic wire (17.4%) and suture (11.5%) closure methods.
• Dog size (≥20 kg) was the only significant risk factor associated with increased closure-related complications (p = .01).
• Type of closure (wire vs. suture) did not affect risk, even in larger dogs.
• Suture closure showed a non-significant trend toward fewer complications (mean reduction 2.3%, 95% CI: –9.1% to +4.5%).
• Most complications were mild (62%), with only 10 severe cases requiring surgical revision.
• Infection rate was low (2.7%), and not significantly different between wire and suture.
• Suture closure is a valid alternative to wire, including in large dogs, based on this large, multi-institutional study.

🔍 Key Findings

Case 1: Chest wall lift improved oxygenation (PaO₂ increased from 179.4 to 306.3 mmHg) and enabled thoracoscopic-assisted lobectomy in a cat with pleural effusion and pulmonary carcinoma.
Case 2: Chest wall lift using a Steinmann pin allowed 3-port thoracoscopic lobectomy for a bronchial foreign body; no complications observed.
Both cats: Lift increased working space and eliminated need for thoracotomy; no device-related complications.
Pretied ligating loops (PLL) were effective for hilar vessel ligation—preferred over staplers or self-locking ligatures in feline thorax.
Conclusion: Thoracic lift is a novel, minimally invasive method enhancing thoracoscopic procedures in small patients, particularly cats.

🔍 Key Findings

• Fluoroscopically guided normograde metabone pinning (FGNMP) was used to treat 17 animals (15 dogs and 2 cats) with 57 metabone fractures, including various fracture configurations (short-oblique body, physeal, and comminuted).
• All 57 fractures were stabilized using intramedullary pins via FGNMP. The study exclusively focused on pin fixation and did not include screws or combined fixation techniques.
• Median surgical time was 54 minutes (range 26–99 min), indicating efficient procedural execution.
• Radiographic bone union was achieved in all fractures, with a median time to union of 6 weeks (range 4–12 weeks). Union was confirmed in all initially non-united fractures on follow-up.
• No major complications were reported. A single pressure sore at the olecranon resolved uneventfully, and no pin migration or osteomyelitis was observed.
• Pin extensions were noted radiographically (e.g., 42% distal subchondral overextension), but were not associated with clinical problems.
• Fluoroscopic guidance improved implant accuracy and preserved soft tissue, enabling effective fracture alignment and stabilization using this minimally invasive osteosynthesis (MIO) approach.
• The authors concluded that FGNMP is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive method for a variety of metabone fracture types, yielding quick recovery, fast healing, and good to excellent long-term functional outcomes in all 17 cases.

🔍 Key Findings

• Fascia lata autograft reconstruction of the FCU tendon successfully treated carpal hyperextension in both dogs.
• Primary repair was not possible in one dog due to complete rupture; a fascia lata graft bridged the tendon gap.
• In the second case, elongated tendon was corrected and reinforced with fascia lata to prevent recurrence.
• Type I external skeletal fixation was used for 6 weeks to support tendon healing in both dogs.
• Postoperative gait and range of motion returned to normal, with no recurrence at 36-month follow-up.
• Ultrasonography aided diagnosis, revealing thinning and echogenic changes in the FCU tendon.
• Histologic findings showed mild, nonspecific muscle changes, suggesting injury rather than a systemic disease.
• No complications occurred, and fascia lata showed potential for biological integration and remodeling into tendon-like structure.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Prevalence of contralateral CCLR in dogs ≥8 years and ≥15kg was 19.1%, notably lower than previous studies (33–50%).
• Median time to contralateral CCLR was 12.9 months.
• Older age reduced risk — 2% decrease per month of age (p=0.003).
• Golden Retrievers and Labradors had significantly lower risk (p=0.028 and p=0.007, respectively).
• No effect found from TPA, meniscal injury, or comorbidities (e.g., hip dysplasia, hypothyroidism).

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Sample: 51 elbows from 35 spaniel dogs
• Healing Rate: Subjective healing (complete or partial) in 80.3% of elbows; complete in 54.9%
• Objective HU analysis: Mean HU increased from 640 (pre-op) to 835 (follow-up) (p = .001)
• Age Effect: Dogs <14 months showed the greatest HU increase (+384 HU) and had wider fissures with less sclerosis
• Complications:
  • Major: 5 dogs (6 limbs); 4 related to fissure healing (7.8%), 2 related to PUO healing (3.9%)
  • Minor: 3 cases (5.8%) due to IM pin migration
• Sclerosis: Older dogs had more humeral condyle sclerosis, possibly limiting healing
• PUO Effectiveness: Confirmed cranio-proximal displacement of anconeal process; aimed to relieve humero-anconeal incongruity
• Control Comparison: Avoids complications associated with transcondylar screw (infection, breakage)

🔍 Key Findings

• GTO enabled successful cementless THR in dogs with severe medialization of the greater trochanter or chronic craniodorsal hip luxation.
• All 5 hips had acceptable long-term outcomes (median follow-up: 48 months) with full function and no persistent complications.
• Only one major complication occurred—a luxation unrelated to the GTO and successfully corrected with cup revision.
• GTO facilitated femoral canal access and gluteal preservation, reducing risk of iatrogenic injury during broaching.
• All GTOs healed radiographically (4 by 6 weeks, 1 by 12 weeks), with no cases of nonunion or implant migration.
• No complications related to GTO or PTBW fixation (pins + tension band) were observed in any dog.
• Surgical planning included templating both THR and GTO to ensure ideal alignment and reduce fracture risk.
• GTO may be especially valuable in luxoid hip dysplasia phenotypes or chronically fixed luxations.

🔍 Key Findings

• Combined transpatellar + suprapatellar TBW technique yielded higher yield, peak, and failure loads than either technique alone.
• Construct stiffness was significantly higher in the combined group (61.2 N/mm) vs transpatellar (46.8 N/mm) and suprapatellar (28.5 N/mm).
• Lower incidence of gap formation in the combined group: only 22% had 1 mm gap vs 61% (transpatellar) and 39% (suprapatellar).
• Load to 3 mm gap was significantly higher in the combined group (p = .036), suggesting superior early repair site stability.
• Failure modes varied: suprapatellar most often failed via wire unraveling (67%), transpatellar via suture pull-through (67%); combined group had lower incidence of both.
• Patella fractures were observed only in the combined group (11%), likely due to transosseous tunnel stress.
• Wire unraveling was a predominant failure mode in suprapatellar (67%) and combined (39%) groups, but core suture pull-through was more common in the transpatellar group (67%); failure occurred by unraveling, not cyclic breakage.
• Study supports TBW augmentation to reduce load on primary repair and improve biomechanical durability of patellar tendon repairs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Combined CBLO-TTT did not reduce load to failure compared to CBLO or TTT alone (P = .81 and P = .12, respectively).
• CBLO-TTT maintains construct strength without significant compromise compared to individual procedures.
• Most common failure mode in CBLO-TTT was displacement of the tibial crest segment with k-wire pullout and tension band untwisting.
• No fulcrum effect was seen in CBLO-TTT, unlike TPLO-TTT combinations, likely due to preservation of buttress effect.
• Patellar ligament avulsion occurred in both CBLO and CBLO-TTT, but not as a clinical concern — possibly artifact from cadaver model.
• Load-to-failure testing was static and unidirectional, not accounting for cyclic fatigue or in vivo healing.
• Plate size and saw blade variation were based on clinical realism, introducing potential variability but not affecting outcomes.
• Study suggests feasibility of simultaneous surgical correction of CCL rupture and MPL using CBLO-TTT in dogs.