🔍 Key Findings

• Study Type: Cadaveric study using 36 paired canine shoulders (n = 18 per group: Subacromial [SA] and Supratubercular [ST])
• Survey Results: 75% of clinicians preferred SA technique; 25% used ST

• Complete accuracy: 50% (SA), 44% (ST) — no significant difference (p = .8)
• Partial accuracy: 39% (SA), 50% (ST)
• Complete miss: 11% (SA), 5.6% (ST)

• Incidence of IACI:
  • SA: 50% (9/18 shoulders)
  • ST: 11% (2/18 shoulders) → statistically significant (p = .007)
• Lesion depth: All ST lesions were partial-thickness; SA group had one full-thickness lesion (p = .027)
• Location: Lesions found on glenoid and humeral head with even distribution in SA; only one each in ST

• Landmark-guided injections were ≤50% completely accurate, even by an experienced operator.
• ST technique is safer with lower risk of cartilage damage, despite similar accuracy.
• Findings support considering image-guided techniques to improve both safety and accuracy in clinical settings.

🔍 Key Findings

• In an ex vivo study of 20 canine femur pairs, implantation of a novel hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) prosthesis reduced maximum load (ML) by 22% and load at collapse (LC) by 27% vs. intact controls (p ≤ 0.05).
• Displacement at maximum load (DML), displacement at collapse (DC), and stiffness (k) were not significantly different between prosthesis and control groups.
• Both groups showed similar failure patterns, with 92% failing at the femoral neck.
• All prosthetic femurs still withstood ~6.2× body weight — exceeding estimated in vivo peak loads (~1.64× BW).
• Prosthesis positioning (neutral vs valgus) had no significant effect on biomechanical outcomes.
• Implant design preserved more metaphyseal bone stock than total hip replacement, possibly explaining the smaller load reduction compared to other short-stem prostheses.
• The press-fit cobalt–chromium design with conical stem allowed full contact and stress distribution over the femoral head/neck.
• Authors conclude the device has adequate immediate biomechanical strength for clinical use, though long-term in vivo studies are needed.

🔍 Key Findings

• Delayed union occurred in 13.9% of fractures; non-union in 4.6%; mal-union in 0.7%
• Major implant failure increased odds of delayed or non-union by 12.9×
• Surgical site infection increased risk 3.2×; bone grafting (any type) was also associated (OR 3.3)
• Comminuted fractures had 4.2× greater odds of delayed or non-union
• Older age increased risk, with odds increasing by 21% per year
• Radius and ulna fractures in toy breeds were not high risk, contrary to historical belief
• Most non-unions required revision surgery with rhBMP-2 or autograft to achieve union
• Ilium fractures showed 0% delayed/non-union — possibly due to robust muscle envelope

🔍 Key Findings

• Resident involvement significantly increased TPLO surgery duration compared to cases performed by faculty surgeons (FS)-only. Residents required 54% more surgery time (GLSM, 153 min) than FS-only cases (GLSM, 99 min), representing a 1.54-fold increase.
• The study did not report on short-term complication rates. No conclusions can be drawn from this source regarding complications between resident and faculty groups.
• Bone plate contouring was not evaluated. The source does not provide data regarding contouring frequency or its comparison between groups.
• Surgery duration significantly decreased after the first year of residency, but remained stable between second- and third-year residents. This was largely due to shorter tibial osteotomy durations, while arthroscopy times remained unchanged across residency years.
• Meniscal treatment was performed in 80% of cases, and it was associated with increased surgical duration, but the study did not compare the frequency of medial meniscal release between resident and faculty cases.
• The study did not evaluate osteotomy healing or revision surgery. Cases requiring immediate reoperation were excluded.
• Bone union outcomes were not assessed at 8 weeks or any other time point.
• The study concludes that resident participation significantly prolongs surgical time, but no data are provided regarding the effect on short-term clinical outcomes.

🔍 Key Findings

• Liver lobectomy was the most common treatment (27/36 dogs), with multiple lobes removed in ~1/3 of cases.
• Septic peritonitis was present in 21/23 sampled dogs, making it a frequent complication.
• Perioperative complications occurred in 21/36 dogs, including aspiration pneumonia, pancreatitis, and acute kidney injury.
• Intraoperative hypotension was common (32/36), often requiring vasopressors or colloids.
• Mortality prior to discharge was 21% (8/38), with deaths related to sepsis, aspiration pneumonia, and multi-organ dysfunction.
• Median survival time was 638 days in dogs surviving to discharge.
• No recurrence of hepatic abscessation was observed in the surviving population.
• E. coli and Clostridium spp. were the most commonly cultured organisms, often as single-agent infections.

🔍 Key Findings

• TPLO with the contoured saw guide achieved more accurate osteotomy angles for both inclination and torsion in bone models and cadaveric limbs (p < .05).
• Medial cortical damage was significantly lower with the contoured guide (247 vs. 1866 pixels in bone models; p < .001).
• No significant difference in eccentricity (distance between actual and intended osteotomy center) was found between groups.
• Postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) was similar between groups (6.4° vs. 7.6°; p = .15), though both were slightly higher than the target of 6°.
• Deviation in medial mechanical proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) showed no significant group difference; valgus deformity occurred in both.
• Osteotomy and device application times were similar between the contoured guide and jig-assisted TPLO.
• The contoured guide eliminated the need for proximal jig pin, potentially reducing intra-articular pin risk.
• The guide's multiple pin fixation system improved stability and alignment, supporting safer osteotomy on curved tibial surfaces.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Used VMBDmD to quantify hip laxity under increasing force in cadaveric dogs (n=34).
• 90% of hips reached ≥90% of LImax at 95.32 N, defining this force as sufficient for subluxation.
• LImax was not significantly influenced by osteoarthritis, weight, sex, or limb side.
• Position of device (lever length) influenced rate of laxity acquisition, not final LImax.
• LI curves were repeatable across 5 sessions, indicating elastic—not plastic—deformation.

🔍 Key Findings

• Cook system had good reliability across all cases (ICC = 0.848), even when complications, sequelae, and failure-to-cure were included.
• aCD system had excellent reliability when excluding sequelae/failure-to-cure cases (ICC = 0.975) but only moderate reliability when including them (ICC = 0.620).
• Majority of complications (60–63%) were graded as Grade 3 in the aCD system, corresponding to surgical or anesthetic intervention.
• Cook system classified most cases (78–81%) as major complications.
• Assessors had difficulty distinguishing sequelae from Grade 1 complications, and failure-to-cure from Grades 1–2, reducing aCD reliability.
• The aCD system offers more resolution (5 grades vs. 3) and less subjectivity through objective definitions.
• Novel terminology (e.g., sequelae, failure to cure) in the aCD system may hinder its uptake without proper training.
• Reclassifying expected events (e.g., swelling, bruising) as sequelae could significantly reduce reported complication rates in other studies.

🔍 Key Findings

• Bilateral radial head OCD lesions were identified in a 6-month-old English Bulldog with elbow lameness.
• Medial arthroscopic portals allowed only partial visualization of radial head lesions, insufficient for treatment.
• Lateral arthroscopy portals provided excellent access for fragment removal and abrasion arthroplasty.
• Histopathology confirmed OCD, showing cartilage degeneration and retained cartilaginous cores.
• Dog showed complete resolution of lameness and no elbow pain at 5 months post-op.
• Lesions were caudolateral on the radial head, with discoid elevation of cartilage and clefts.
• Lateral approach avoids major neurovascular structures, reducing iatrogenic risk.
• The authors suggest lateral elbow arthroscopy may have broader indications, including for medial compartment disease or synovial biopsies.

🔍 Key Findings

• Case: 9-year-old Labrador with a right caudal pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
• Technique: Peritumoral injection of indocyanine green (ICG) under VATS guidance, followed by near-infrared (NIR) imaging.
• SLN identified: Right tracheobronchial lymph node fluoresced and was safely extirpated.
• Histology: Grade 1 adenocarcinoma, pneumonia, reactive node.
• Outcome: Patient deteriorated and died on postoperative day 3 due to systemic complications (not linked to surgical technique).
• Clinical relevance: First clinical application of SLN mapping for canine pulmonary neoplasia; method feasible with open or minimally invasive approaches.