🔍 Key Findings

• Frontal sinus mucoceles occurred in young dogs, often linked to prior skull trauma by 10 months of age.
• All dogs presented with expansile, fluid-filled lesions causing facial swelling; CT showed multicentric bone erosion, including the frontal bone and cribriform plate.
• Surgical options included frontal sinusotomy with either sinus lining ablation or re-establishment of nasofrontal drainage, with or without stenting.
• Nasofrontal stenting led to long-term resolution in most dogs, although recurrence occurred in 4/8 dogs, requiring revision surgery in 3.
• Complications were minor and included swelling or nasal discharge; no intraoperative complications were reported.
• Histology confirmed sterile mucoceles with neutrophilic inflammation and mucin, and cultures were negative in all cases.
• Guaifenesin was used postoperatively in several cases to reduce mucus viscosity; its benefit is unproven in dogs but may support drainage.

🔍 Key Findings

• Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts (TPP) were diagnosed in 11 patients (9 dogs, 2 cats) using CT after blunt trauma.
• TPPs were identified on radiographs in 64% of cases that were CT-confirmed, highlighting the superior sensitivity of CT.
• Most cases (7/10) were managed conservatively, with complete recovery and no TPP-related mortality.
• Thoracic surgery (lung lobectomy) was performed in 3 dogs, due to persistent pneumothorax or large TPP with perceived risk of complications.
• All pneumothorax cases were managed with thoracostomy tubes, and chest drains were used in 73% of cases.
• Pneumothorax was present in 100% of patients, often bilateral, and pulmonary contusions were reported in 73%.
• One cat was euthanized due to unrelated maxillofacial trauma; no deaths were attributed to TPP itself.
• Long-term follow-up (median 768 days) revealed only 1 case with possible TPP-related pneumonia; others had no complications.

🔍 Key Findings

• Proximal Tibia Metatarsal Angle (PTMTA) was significantly increased in dogs with grade 3 and 4 MPL, making it a useful marker for severity.
• PTMTA strongly correlated with Tibial Torsion Angle (TTA) (r = 0.733) and Crural Rotation Angle (CRA) (r = 0.643), integrating multiple morphological deformities.
• Grade 4 MPL cases showed significant internal tibial torsion, increased mMPTA, and decreased MDTT/PTW—indicating both rotation and medial displacement.
• DTMTA was significantly more negative in grade 4, indicating a consistent pattern of internal foot rotation with disease severity.
• PTMTA can be visually assessed during palpation, offering preoperative utility without CT.
• Among toy poodles, PTMTA showed significant differences even between grades 3 and normal, suggesting breed-specific severity patterns.
• Corrective osteotomy may need to address tibial as well as femoral deformities in severe MPL cases with high PTMTA.
• Younger dogs with grade 4 MPL had more severe deformities, possibly due to early onset or developmental progression.

🔍 Key Findings

• Cats with linear (LFBO) and discrete (DFBO) small intestinal obstructions had similar survival (98.2% vs. 97%, p = 1.0).
• Postoperative complications were not significantly different between LFBO and DFBO cases (p = .1386).
• Intestinal dehiscence was rare (only 2 cats), both in DFBOs, with no statistical difference between groups.
• Red rubber catheter technique (RRCT) successfully removed LFBOs in 83% (20/24) of attempts.
• All failed RRCTs occurred in cats with perforations or tissue nonviability.
• Cats with failed RRCTs had longer clinical signs pre-surgery (median 6.5 vs. 2.0 days).
• Surgical time was longer in LFBO cats (median 77 min vs. 58 min, p = .0018).
• Preoperative septic peritonitis was rare (4/169 cats), but occurred only in linear or mixed FBO cases.

🔍 Key Findings

• This anatomical study mapped fascial planes of the canine hindlimb and pelvis to aid superficial tumor resection.
• Type I fascia (discrete sheets) was suitable for deep margins in fascia lata, lateral crus, and gluteal regions.
• Areas with poor or absent fascia included the ischiorectal fossa, femoral triangle, stifle extensor mechanism, and pes.
• Type IV fascia associated with periosteum (e.g., patella, tibial tuberosity) required partial ostectomy for inclusion in surgical margins.
• Nerves at risk during deep dissection included obturator, superficial peroneal, and tibial nerves, particularly in regions with weak fascia.
• In males, bulbospongiosus muscle could act as a fascial plane but dissection was challenging and potentially hemorrhagic.
• In females, constrictor vulvae/vestibulae muscles were tightly associated with mucosa, limiting clean resection options.
• Distal hindlimb resections often lacked a usable fascial plane, suggesting that amputation or adjuvant therapy may be more appropriate.

🔍 Key Findings

• Delayed union occurred in 13.9% of fractures; non-union in 4.6%; mal-union in 0.7%
• Major implant failure increased odds of delayed or non-union by 12.9×
• Surgical site infection increased risk 3.2×; bone grafting (any type) was also associated (OR 3.3)
• Comminuted fractures had 4.2× greater odds of delayed or non-union
• Older age increased risk, with odds increasing by 21% per year
• Radius and ulna fractures in toy breeds were not high risk, contrary to historical belief
• Most non-unions required revision surgery with rhBMP-2 or autograft to achieve union
• Ilium fractures showed 0% delayed/non-union — possibly due to robust muscle envelope

🔍 Key Findings

139 immature dogs with humeral condylar fractures (HCF) reviewed retrospectively.
Postoperative plan changed in 17% (23/139) of cases.
Key risk factors for plan change:

• Owner concerns (OR: 7.6)
• Analgesic use at follow-up (OR: 7.9)
• Lameness (OR: 5.9)
• Abnormal clinical exam (OR: 44.8)
• Radiographic abnormalities (OR: 51.9)

No plan changes were based solely on radiographs when clinical signs were absent.
Supracondylar K-wire migration noted in 3.5% of dogs without affecting the clinical plan.
Authors conclude that routine follow-up radiographs offer limited value without concurrent clinical indicators.

🔍 Key Findings

PL-30 group (partial, TA30-V3 wedge):

• 100% leaked
• Median leakage pressure: 10 cm H₂O
• Most failures from periphery of staple line

PL-60 group (partial, TA60-3.5):

• 100% leaked
• Median leakage pressure: 18 cm H₂O
• Better than PL-30 (p = .006)

TL-30 group (total, TA30-V3):

• Only 1 of 11 leaked (at 22 cm H₂O)
• All others resisted pressures >50–65 cm H₂O
• Significantly higher leakage pressure than both PL groups (p < .001)

Odds ratios (leakage vs TL-30):

• PL-30: OR 437 at both 20 and 30 cm H₂O (p = .003)
• PL-60: OR 437 at 20 cm H₂O and 133 at 30 cm H₂O (p = .003)

Recommendation: Prefer TL-30 when possible. If partial needed, PL-60 superior to PL-30, but all partials leaked at physiologic pressures.

🔍 Key Findings

• Aiming device provided comparable trajectory accuracy to fluoroscopy, especially in right limbs (1.9° vs. 3.4°, p = .0128).
• Eccentricity (deviation from condylar center) was lower with fluoroscopy (3.1 mm vs 4.2 mm, p = .0017), making fluoroscopy more precise.
• Odds of joint infringement were 8× higher with the aiming device, though not statistically significant (p = .0575).
• Residents had greater screw trajectory deviation than diplomates (p = .0366), highlighting impact of experience.
• Aiming device procedures took less time than fluoroscopy in some scenarios, particularly for right limbs with right-handed surgeons.
• Fluoroscopic procedures had more pin/drill attempts, increasing risk of glove puncture and potential aseptic breaks.
• Mean deviation angles in both groups (<3.5°) were within acceptable range to avoid intracondylar fracture gap.
• Cadaver model used large-breed, healthy adult dogs, not small-breed immature dogs, limiting generalizability.

🔍 Key Findings

• BLIS (bupivacaine liposome injectable solution) provided equivalent analgesia to fentanyl CRI based on CMPS-SF scores at all time points except 6h, where BLIS was superior
• Fewer adverse effects (nausea, vomiting, sedation) were noted in the BLIS group
• BLIS dogs ate sooner postoperatively (median 6h vs 9h in control)
• Sedation occurred in 2/20 dogs in BLIS group vs 10/20 in fentanyl group
• Vomiting occurred in 0/20 BLIS dogs vs 4/20 in fentanyl group
• Rescue analgesia rates were similar (5 BLIS vs 4 fentanyl group), confirming noninferiority
• Owner-reported VAS scores were lower for BLIS on day 1 a.m. and p.m. despite variability
• Results suggest BLIS could reduce opioid reliance post-amputation