Your Custom Quiz
In Schneider 2025 et al., on axillary LN extirpation, what was the reported median dissection time for ALN removal alone?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lateral approach to ALN extirpation was successful in 100% of cases (44 dogs, 48 ALNs) with consistent anatomical landmarks (costochondral junction of rib 1 and caudal scapular edge).
- Median time for ALN removal was 16.6 minutes, highlighting a fast and efficient dissection method.
- No intraoperative complications were recorded (e.g., hemorrhage or inability to find the lymph node).
- Postoperative complications occurred in 18% of cases, including seromas (n=2), wound dehiscence (n=4), lameness (n=1), and discomfort (n=1).
- Histopathology revealed 56% of ALNs had tumor-related pathology, including overt metastases, early metastasis (HN2), or premetastatic changes (HN1).
- Normal-sized ALNs (<2 cm) still harbored metastases in 22% of cases, emphasizing the unreliability of size as a staging criterion.
- False negatives in cytology occurred in 4 cases, underlining the limitations of cytologic evaluation for staging.
- The technique was reproducible without specialized tools, suggesting wide applicability in general and referral practice.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Axillary lymph node removal for staging cancer; description of a lateral approach and application in 44 tumor-bearing dogs
2025-6-VS-schneider-3
In Stoneburner 2024 et al., on MIS survey results, what proportion of responding surgeons had performed basic laparoscopy in the previous year?
🔍 Key Findings
- The survey included 111 practicing surgeons and 28 residents from ACVS, ECVS, and ANZCVS. 98.2% had performed soft tissue minimally invasive surgery (MIS).
- In the past year, surgeons reported a median caseload of 90% basic laparoscopy, 0% advanced laparoscopy, and 10% thoracoscopy; for residents: 100% basic laparoscopy, 0% advanced, 0% thoracoscopy.
- Laparoscopic ovariectomy and OHE were the most commonly performed MIS procedures, with most respondents proficient in basic laparoscopy, but few performing advanced laparoscopy or thoracoscopy.
- Top barriers to MIS adoption were: lack of consistent caseload, lack of training, difficult learning curve, equipment limitations, and cost.
- 76.6% of surgeons and 92.9% of residents received MIS training during residency. Those trained had completed residency median 6 years ago, compared to 22 years ago for those without MIS training (p < .001). Perceived adequate training correlated with higher proficiency.
- MIS was recognized as having a steep learning curve, but patient benefits (mean score 4.0/5) were the top motivation — less pain, faster recovery, improved visualization.
- The authors conclude basic laparoscopy is widely adopted, but advanced and thoracoscopic MIS remain underutilized. Training and access are key to future growth.
- Expanded training and improved access to equipment are necessary to promote broader integration of MIS into veterinary soft-tissue surgery.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Laparoscopy and thoracoscopy in small animal surgery: A 2020 survey of small animal surgical diplomates and residents
2024-5-VS-stoneburner-1
In Petazzoni 2022 et al., on DPO in older dogs, what was the selection criterion for minimal osteoarthritis?
🔍 Key Findings
- DPO improved joint congruity and clinical signs in dogs ≥10 months old with minimal osteoarthritis.
- Median Norberg angle increased by 21.8% 1 year postoperatively (from 87° to 106°; p < .01).
- Femoral head coverage increased significantly, with PC rising 66.7% and LHC by 162.5% at 1 year (p < .01).
- No significant change in pelvic canal width postoperatively, suggesting pelvic conformation was preserved.
- All ilial osteotomies healed with complete osseous bridging by 8 weeks; 7/11 pubic osteotomies achieved full healing.
- No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported, including implant failure.
- Locking plates and additional ventral plating were used in select cases and may have contributed to implant stability.
- DPO may be extended to older dogs with suitable hip morphology and minimal OA, expanding traditional age criteria.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Clinical outcomes of double pelvic osteotomies in eight dogs with hip dysplasia aged 10–28 months
2022-2-VS-petazzoni-4
In Nash 2024 et al., on GER frequency, what was the upper reference limit for distal GER events per hour?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Population: 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing orthopedic procedures (TPLO)
- Study design: Prospective observational using transnasal Digitrapper dual-sensor pH probe after short TIVA
- Upper reference limits:
- Distal GER events per hour: 2.4
- Proximal GER events per hour: 0.4
- Cumulative distal acid exposure: 2.3%
- Cumulative proximal acid exposure: 0%
- Median values (normal):
- Distal GER events per hour: 0.3
- Proximal GER events per hour: 0
- Proximal GER observed in 12/31 dogs
- No regurgitation observed in any dog
- No major adverse events with probe use
- Clinical implication: These parameters provide a reference for assessing excessive GER in future canine surgical cases
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
Esophageal pH‐monitoring in nonbrachycephalic dogs; a reference
2024-1-VS-nash-1
In Curuci 2024 et al., which of the following statements best describes the complication rate?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 16 dogs (18 stifles) with CrCL rupture and TPA >34° were treated using the DCTPLO
- Mean TPA correction: from 39.4° to 6.3°
- Bone union at 60 days in 17/18 stifles; remaining healed by 90 days
- Minor complications (e.g., small wedge gaps) in 2/18 stifles — no major complications
- Patellar ligament thickening seen in 16/18 stifles but no clinical signs noted
- The technique enabled safer reduction with less risk of tibial crest fracture vs. conventional TPLO
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
6
2024
Double-Cut Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy for the Management of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency in Dogs with an Excessive Plateau Angle: Early Clinical Results in 16 Dogs
2024-6-VCOT-curuci-5
In Williams 2024 et al., on adrenaline use in maxillary nerve blocks, what was the standard volume of local anesthetic injected per side during the block?
🔍 Key Findings
- The addition of adrenaline (0.00198%) to bilateral maxillary nerve blocks significantly reduced intraoperative hemorrhage in dogs undergoing sharp staphylectomy (median reduction: 77.1%).
- Normalized hemorrhage (g/kg) and total hemorrhage (g) were significantly lower in the adrenaline group (p = .021 and p = .013, respectively).
- Surgeon-assessed hemorrhage scores were also significantly lower in the adrenaline group (median 2 vs. 3; p = .029), indicating improved surgical visibility.
- No adverse effects (e.g. tachycardia, arrhythmia, or hypertension) were observed with adrenaline administration.
- A standardized intraoral approach to the maxillary nerve block was used with 0.5 mL per side regardless of dog size.
- Breed effect observed: English Bulldogs had higher normalized hemorrhage, possibly due to anatomical variation or underdosing relative to size.
- Adrenaline may also prolong local anesthetic action and reduce blood aspiration risks, though this was not directly measured.
- The study supports the routine inclusion of adrenaline in maxillary nerve blocks for staphylectomy in BOAS patients to improve surgical field and reduce bleeding.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Evaluation of the addition of adrenaline in a bilateral maxillary nerve block to reduce hemorrhage in dogs undergoing sharp staphylectomy for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. A prospective, randomized study
2024-8-VS-williams-2
In Miller 2024 et al., which postoperative complication occurred at a similar frequency between groups?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Sample: 124 dogs (64 S, 60 FFP); French Bulldogs most common (54/124)
- Pre-op clinical signs: Exercise intolerance (34/124), stertor (22), regurgitation (7), vomiting (12)
- Operative time (no concurrent procedure): Longer in FFP (75 vs 51 min, p = .02)
- Anesthetic time: Longer in FFP (111 vs 80 min, p = .02)
- Anesthetic complications: Similar rates (FFP 50, S 49; p = .30)
- Post-op regurgitation: 27/124 (S: 17, FFP: 10; p = .18)
- Post-op aspiration pneumonia: Rare (S: 4, FFP: 5)
- Major complications: Rare (5/124); 2 dogs euthanized post-op (1 per group)
- Revision surgery: Needed in 7/124 (3 S, 4 FFP)
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
Complications and outcome following staphylectomy and folded flap palatoplasty in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
2024-1-VS-miller-3
In Cola 2024 et al., on laparotomy-assisted endoscopy, what was the overall success rate of LAER in avoiding full conversion to enterotomy or gastrotomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- LAER was effective (partial or complete) in 35/40 cases, regardless of FB location or type.
- Intestinal wall damage significantly increased the likelihood of conversion to enterotomy (p = .043).
- LAER led to significantly shorter hospitalization (median 48 h vs 72 h; p = .006).
- Patients in the LAER group required less postoperative analgesia (median 36 h vs 48 h; p < .001).
- Faster return to spontaneous feeding was seen in LAER group (median 24 h vs 36 h; p = .012).
- No significant difference in complication rate or postoperative ileus between LAER and enterotomy groups.
- Sharp, linear, or multiple FBs did not significantly affect LAER effectiveness.
- Conversion to surgery was required in 5/40 LAER attempts, mostly due to immovable FBs or intestinal damage.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Laparotomy‐assisted endoscopic removal of gastrointestinal foreign bodies: Evaluation of this technique and postoperative recovery in dogs and cats
2024-7-VS-cola-4
In Gollnick 2024 et al., on TCTF risk with Arthrex STS in TPLO, what was the TCTF rate for STS screws placed distal to the osteotomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- 42% of dogs (33/78) treated with Arthrex 3.5 mm STS during TPLO developed radiographic TCTF
- TCTFs occurred exclusively distal to the osteotomy
- 14% of screws (36/250) distal to the osteotomy were associated with TCTFs
- 6% of dogs with TCTFs developed major complications (e.g., complete tibial fracture requiring surgical revision)
- Angulation of cortical STS screws, especially in the distal plate holes, was a key contributor to complications
- Locking screws were also involved, but cortical screws angled improperly were overrepresented in serious outcomes
- Revision recommendations included preemptive fixation for large TCTFs or angulated screw placements
- Use of non-self-tapping screws (NSTS) previously showed a <1% TCTF rate, supporting higher risk with STS
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Tibial fracture associated with use of Arthrex self‐tapping screws during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs and development of transcortical tibial fracture
2024-6-VS-gollnick-4
In Longo 2025 et al., on MITA, which complication category occurred in 26% of dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- 15 dogs underwent minimally invasive tarsal arthrodesis (MITA); 10 partial, 5 pantarsal.
- Mean time to radiographic union: 1.8 ± 0.5 months.
- Mean time to clinical union: 3.7 ± 0.8 months.
- Complete osseous union: 46%; the rest achieved ≥50% with functional weightbearing.
- Complication rate: 26% major (mostly implant-related); no catastrophic complications or plantar necrosis.
- Functional outcomes: 6 full, 8 acceptable, 1 unacceptable (not due to MITA).
- MITA may lower soft tissue complications vs open approaches and enable faster healing.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
Minimally invasive tarsal arthrodesis in 15 dogs
2025-1-VS-longo-3
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings