Your Custom Quiz
In Moreira 2024 et al., on predictive equations for TPA correction, what was the purpose of the generated corrective equations?
🔍 Key Findings
- A linear relationship was observed between wedge angle and tibial plateau angle (TPA) correction across all four CCWO techniques.
- All techniques produced predictable TPA corrections using linear regression-derived equations, allowing wedge angle extrapolation to achieve a target postoperative TPA of 5°.
- TLA shift (tibial long axis) increased with wedge angle and influenced final TPA; greatest in Frederick & Cross method.
- Tibial shortening (mTL%) varied by technique, being most severe (up to 40.9%) in traditional Slocum & Devine CCWO and least in newer techniques (7.5–12%).
- The Oxley mCCWO technique showed lower TLA shift compared to the Frederick & Cross and Christ techniques, though similar to Slocum & Devine; tibial shortening was more pronounced than other modified techniques at wedge angles ≤40°.
- Techniques varied in craniocaudal translation and wedge apex positioning, influencing planning accuracy and mechanical axis alignment.
- The corrective wedge angle equations reliably predicted TPA within 4–6° across varied tibial conformations.
- The study supports equation-based planning over static TPA–5° subtraction to reduce risk of under- or over-correction.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Predicting tibial plateau angles following four different types of cranial closing wedge ostectomy
2024-8-VS-moreira-4
In Evers 2023 et al., on needle arthroscopy, which meniscal tear was missed by needle arthroscopy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Needle arthroscopy (NA) had 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting medial meniscal tears using standard arthroscopy (SA) as the reference.
- NA correctly identified meniscal status in 25/26 dogs, missing only one stable nondisplaced tear.
- NA took less time than SA: 8 ± 3 min vs. 15 ± 9 min (P = .0041).
- Visibility scores were significantly lower with NA than SA for all meniscal horns (medial and lateral) .
- Probing difficulty was greater with NA, especially for the lateral meniscus (P = .0017).
- NA caused no measurable morbidity: lameness scores were unchanged before and after the procedure (P = .25).
- NA was possible in sedated dogs, though 10/26 required additional anesthesia due to delays.
- NA missed 1 lateral tear, likely due to reduced access and lack of shaving compared to SA.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Accuracy of needle arthroscopy for the diagnosis of medial meniscal tears in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture
2023-7-VS-evers-4
In Parker 2023 et al., on Locoregional analgesia in TPLO, what percentage of respondents reported that peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) were effective 81–100% of the time?
🔍 Key Findings
- Peripheral nerve block (PNB) was preferred by 79% of anesthesiologists; lumbosacral epidural (LE) by 21%; PI <1%.
- Time since board-certification significantly influenced preference: PNB favored by newer diplomates, LE favored by more senior ones (p < .001).
- Employment sector mattered: PNB was preferred more in private practice, LE more in academia (p = .003).
- PNB perceived as more effective, with 78% reporting 81–100% effectiveness; compared to 55% for LE.
- PNB associated with fewer adverse effects (75%) than LE (4%) and PI (21%).
- PNB required less rescue analgesia intraoperatively (57%) and postoperatively (54%) than LE or PI.
- LE preferred for bilateral TPLOs and in smaller dogs; PNB for larger dogs, due to motor function preservation.
- Dexmedetomidine was the most common additive to PNB; bupivacaine-only was most used for PNB.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2023
Pelvic limb anesthesia and analgesia in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO): A survey of board-certified anesthesiologists
2023-4-VS-parker-4
In Brockman 2025 et al., on canine mitral valve repair outcomes, which factor was significantly associated with improved survival?
🔍 Key Findings
- Overall survival to discharge: 107 of 132 dogs (81%)
- Quartile improvement: Survival increased steadily from 67% in Q1 to 91% in Q4
- Q1: 22/33 survived
- Q2: 27/33
- Q3: 28/33
- Q4: 30/33
- Statistical significance: Higher operative rank significantly associated with improved survival (p < .05)
- Median cross clamp time (XCT): 73 min (range 40–165), but increased again in Q4
- Fatalities (n=25) were often due to:
- Failure to wean from CPB
- Intracranial vascular events (stroke)
- Intrathoracic hemorrhage
- Breed representation: CKCS (23.5%), Chihuahua (22%), Crossbreeds (21%)
- Stages of MMVD: Stage C (67%), Stage D (27%), Stage B2 (6%)
- Emphasis on deliberate multidisciplinary teamwork for outcome improvement
- Highlights importance of technical and non-technical team skills, procedural standardization, and consistent personnel
Veterinary Surgery
4
2025
Improvement in short‐term outcome over time, in a single center embarking on a canine mitral valve repair program using a structured multidisciplinary approach
2025-4-VS-brockman-3
In Kershaw 2025 et al., on PSG vs AD, which surgeon experience level was used to assess PSG utility?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed patient-specific guides (PSGs) significantly improved accuracy of drill hole entry (p < 0.001) and exit (p = 0.044) compared to commercial aiming devices (AD).
- Zero joint penetrations occurred with PSGs, whereas 3 of 7 AD-guided screws were predicted to penetrate the joint (p = 0.19).
- Variance in exit point and drill angle was significantly lower in PSG group, suggesting more consistent results.
- One PSG case failed due to improper guide seating, but this was corrected with improved soft tissue clearance.
- PSGs enabled safer trajectories despite use by novice surgeons, emphasizing their value in less experienced hands.
- Drill holes placed with ADs deviated more cranially and distally, increasing the risk of articular violation.
- Use of PSGs allowed for tighter clustering of drill trajectories, especially in the cranial–caudal axis.
- Subjective feedback favored PSGs for ease of use and ergonomic design, despite requiring slightly larger incisions.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
5
2025
Patient-specific Guides Improve the Accuracy and Safety of Transcondylar Screw Placement—A Cadaveric Study in the Canine Humerus
2025-5-VCOT-kershaw-5
In Gibson 2024 et al., on mediastinoscopy in dogs, which factor most likely contributed to **difficulty in lymph node identification**?
🔍 Key Findings
- Mediastinoscopy was technically feasible in large-breed canine cadavers using a SILS port and standard laparoscopic instruments.
- The left tracheobronchial lymph node (LTBLN) was successfully retrieved in all cadavers (7/7), while cranial mediastinal lymph nodes were retrieved in only 1/7.
- Postprocedural pleural gas was observed in 4/7 cadavers, likely due to CO₂ insufflation.
- Instrument limitations with a human-designed mediastinoscope led to preference for laparoscopic instruments and SILS port for improved access and visualization.
- Complication rates were low, with only two minor (Grade 1) adverse events (pleural tear and LN rupture).
- Obesity and mediastinal fat were cited as potential challenges to visualization and node retrieval.
- NASA-TLX workload scores were lowest for tracheobronchial nodes, indicating these were the easiest to access.
- The authors concluded this approach may facilitate minimally invasive biopsy or resection of cranial mediastinal masses in live dogs, but clinical trials are needed to validate safety and efficacy.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Evaluation of mediastinoscopy for cranial mediastinal and tracheobronchial lymphadenectomy in canine cadavers
2024-5-VS-gibson-5
In Sabol 2024 et al., what technique was recommended to reduce risk of implant misplacement?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Evaluated ideal dorsolateral implant trajectories in T1–T13 using CT in 30 dogs across five weight classes.
- Corridor widths were narrowest in the mid-thoracic vertebrae (as little as 1.8 mm) and increased cranially and caudally.
- Allowable deviation angles (ADA) were often very small (as little as 3°), indicating high risk for canal or thoracic structure breach.
- Distances to critical structures (lungs, aorta, subclavian artery, azygos vein) were often <1 mm, even in large dogs.
- Data suggest extreme caution and precision are needed for thoracic vertebral implant placement and support use of navigation or 3D-printed guides.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Implantation Corridors in Canine Thoracic Vertebrae: A Morphometric Study in Dogs of Varying Sizes
2024-2-VCOT-sabol-5
In Dickson 2024 et al., on VATS for feline chylothorax, what was the survival rate to hospital discharge?
🔍 Key Findings
- Objective: To evaluate outcomes and complications of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for idiopathic chylothorax in 15 cats.
- All 15 cats underwent thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation (TDL); 13 also had simultaneous pericardectomy, 2 had VATS TDL + laparoscopic cisterna chyli ablation (CCA), and 1 cat had an open CCA.
- Median surgical time was 152.5 minutes (range 60–255).
- Contrast was used intraoperatively in 13 cats; 11 received methylene blue, and 2 received indocyanine green (ICG).
- One intraoperative complication (6%) occurred — a minor intercostal artery laceration. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 3 cases (20%) due to visualization issues or bleeding.
- Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cats (53%), with persistent pleural effusion in 5 cats (33%) being the most common.
- Mortality was high: 4 cats (27%) died or were euthanized before discharge. Only 7 of 11 cats discharged had resolution of effusion, and recurrence occurred in 1.
- Authors concluded that while VATS is technically feasible in cats, it did not improve clinical outcomes compared to open surgery, and feline idiopathic chylothorax continues to have a high mortality rate.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Outcome of video-assisted thoracoscopic treatment of idiopathic chylothorax in 15 cats
2024-5-VS-dickson-3
In Knudsen 2024 et al., on CTA diagnosis, which imaging plane combination was used for multiplanar reconstruction of the canine stifle?
🔍 Key Findings
- Multidetector CTA had high sensitivity (up to 100%) and specificity (up to 96%) for detecting medial meniscal tears in dogs.
- Observer experience significantly influenced diagnostic accuracy, with more experienced observers showing higher agreement and better performance.
- Training effect was evident, as less experienced observers improved between first and second readings.
- Positive likelihood ratios ≥4.6 and negative likelihood ratios ≤0.08 were observed, suggesting CTA is clinically useful for confirming or ruling out meniscal injury.
- CTA allowed identification of full and partial thickness lesions, with good visualization in sagittal, transverse, and frontal reconstructions.
- Approximately 90% of menisci were correctly classified in second readings.
- No adverse reactions were noted from the contrast injection; sedation was used instead of general anesthesia.
- CTA was less invasive and potentially more cost-effective compared to arthroscopy, especially in settings without MRI access.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Diagnosis of medial meniscal lesions in the canine stifle using multidetector computed tomographic positive-contrast arthrography
2024-8-VS-knudsen-5
In Mullen 2024 et al., on NIRF for GDV, what best describes the NIRF findings in stapled partial gastrectomy sites?
🔍 Key Findings
- NIRF altered surgical strategy in 3 of 20 GDV dogs, identifying necrosis not appreciated subjectively.
- Fundic fluorescence <10% indicated histologically confirmed gastric necrosis.
- In 1 dog, NIRF revealed nonviability despite the surgeon’s impression of viability.
- Staple line fluorescence resembled viable tissue in the only stapled gastrectomy, suggesting preservation of perfusion.
- GDV dogs (even “viable”) showed lower fluorescence vs. healthy controls, indicating subclinical vascular compromise.
- Histology confirmed full-thickness necrosis in all 4 dogs with NIRF-defined nonviability.
- Pre-op lactate was significantly higher in nonviable GDV dogs (8.55 vs 4.89 mmol/L, p=0.03).
- No complications were reported from ICG use; imaging was safe and repeatable.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Use of real-time near-infrared fluorescence to assess gastric viability in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus: A case-control study
2024-4-VS-mullen-4
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings