Your Custom Quiz
In Miller 2025 et al., on spinal drill guide accuracy, what software was used to segment canine spines for guide creation?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed, SOP plate-specific guides enabled safe screw placement from T12–L5 in canine cadavers and models.
- All 140 screw trajectories were classified as Zdichavski Grade 1, indicating optimal placement without vertebral canal breach.
- Screw angles (cranial-caudal and transverse) matched preoperative planning, with no significant deviation.
- Entry/exit point deviations were <1 mm on average, deemed clinically negligible.
- Drill guides were quick to place (<30 sec per vertebra) and improved ease of surgery.
- Plates acted as effective reduction tools, guiding alignment during screw placement in mobile spines.
- Minor technical challenges arose from cadaveric spine mobility, mitigated by sequential screw insertion.
- Technique may enable future use in fracture/luxation reduction, pending further cadaveric and clinical trials.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Development and testing of an animal-specific and string-of-pearls (SOP) plate specific, three-dimensionally (3D) printed drilling guide: A proof of concept study for canine thoracolumbar spinal stabilization
2025-6-VS-miller-5
In Aldrich 2023 et al., on liposomal bupivacaine in TPLO, what limitation did the authors note regarding their ability to detect a treatment effect?
🔍 Key Findings
- Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) infiltration did not reduce the need for rescue analgesia compared with placebo in dogs undergoing TPLO.
- CMPS-SF pain scores were not significantly different between LB and placebo groups at any postoperative time point.
- % body weight distribution (%BWdist) to the operated limb did not differ significantly between treatment groups across all time points.
- No correlation was found between CMPS-SF scores and %BWdist, suggesting these metrics assess different aspects of postoperative pain.
- Postoperative carprofen administration was standardized, and LB did not provide additional detectable analgesic benefit.
- Three-layer infiltration technique (joint capsule, fascia, subcutis) was used consistently across all cases.
- Adverse events were minor and comparable between LB and placebo groups.
- Post hoc analysis suggested a much larger sample size (58–436 dogs) would be needed to detect significant differences in %BWdist.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
Blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of bupivacaine liposomal suspension using static bodyweight distribution and subjective pain scoring in dogs after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy surgery
2023-5-VS-aldrich-5
In Kimura 2025 et al., on mini-THA in <4 kg dogs, what was the observed outcome at the 52-week mark in successfully completed cases?
🔍 Key Findings
- Zurich mini-cementless THA was successful in 9/10 hips in dogs <4 kg, with no lameness at 52 weeks in completed cases.
- Helsinki Chronic Pain Index significantly improved from a mean of 19.8 to 2.3 at 52 weeks (p = 0.0141).
- Fluoroscopy improved implant positioning, especially in LCPD and HD cases, aiding in accurate reaming and alignment.
- Intraoperative complications occurred in 2/10 cases, including acetabular fractures; one case required discontinuation.
- Prophylactic bicortical screws and reinforcement plates were used in cases with rotational instability or cortical compromise and were effective in preventing loosening/fractures.
- Medial patellar luxation improved postoperatively in one dog, though recurrence was noted later without surgical correction.
- No stem or implant loosening or fracture occurred over a mean follow-up of 24.4 months.
- CT is recommended in preoperative planning, particularly in luxoid hip dysplasia cases with uncertain bone stock.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Long‐term outcomes of 10 dogs weighing less than 4 kg after Zurich mini‐cementless total hip arthroplasty
2025-6-VS-kimura-1
In Williams 2024 et al., on adrenaline use in maxillary nerve blocks, what was the standard volume of local anesthetic injected per side during the block?
🔍 Key Findings
- The addition of adrenaline (0.00198%) to bilateral maxillary nerve blocks significantly reduced intraoperative hemorrhage in dogs undergoing sharp staphylectomy (median reduction: 77.1%).
- Normalized hemorrhage (g/kg) and total hemorrhage (g) were significantly lower in the adrenaline group (p = .021 and p = .013, respectively).
- Surgeon-assessed hemorrhage scores were also significantly lower in the adrenaline group (median 2 vs. 3; p = .029), indicating improved surgical visibility.
- No adverse effects (e.g. tachycardia, arrhythmia, or hypertension) were observed with adrenaline administration.
- A standardized intraoral approach to the maxillary nerve block was used with 0.5 mL per side regardless of dog size.
- Breed effect observed: English Bulldogs had higher normalized hemorrhage, possibly due to anatomical variation or underdosing relative to size.
- Adrenaline may also prolong local anesthetic action and reduce blood aspiration risks, though this was not directly measured.
- The study supports the routine inclusion of adrenaline in maxillary nerve blocks for staphylectomy in BOAS patients to improve surgical field and reduce bleeding.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Evaluation of the addition of adrenaline in a bilateral maxillary nerve block to reduce hemorrhage in dogs undergoing sharp staphylectomy for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. A prospective, randomized study
2024-8-VS-williams-2
In Rocheleau 2023 et al., on shoulder stabilization, what was the primary advantage of the suture-toggle technique compared to bone anchors?
🔍 Key Findings
- Arthroscopically assisted stabilization with an IAD was feasible in cadaveric canine shoulders using both bone anchor and suture-toggle techniques.
- Suture-toggle repair was successfully performed in all specimens, while bone anchors could not be deployed in 3/10 shoulders, indicating lower feasibility.
- Median surgical time was shorter for the suture-toggle group (25.5 min) compared to the anchor group (37.3 min).
- Postoperative abduction angles returned to baseline in the anchor group, while the suture-toggle group had slightly reduced angles, suggesting possible overtightening.
- Violation of the articular surface occurred in 2 anchor specimens and 1 suture-toggle specimen, but none were considered likely to be clinically significant.
- Overall targeting accuracy using the IAD was 88%, supporting its utility in guiding tunnel/anchor placement.
- CT measurements showed acceptable bone stock and insertion angles, but anchor insertion angles were lower than optimal for mechanical pullout strength.
- Suture-toggle technique was considered simpler and more consistent, with fewer complications and faster execution than anchor placement.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2023
Ex vivo evaluation of arthroscopically assisted shoulder stabilization in dogs using an intra-articular aiming device
2023-4-VS-rocheleau-1
In Perez Neto 2025 et al., on hip resurfacing arthroplasty, which biomechanical variables were NOT significantly different between prosthetic and intact femurs?
🔍 Key Findings
- In an ex vivo study of 20 canine femur pairs, implantation of a novel hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) prosthesis reduced maximum load (ML) by 22% and load at collapse (LC) by 27% vs. intact controls (p ≤ 0.05).
- Displacement at maximum load (DML), displacement at collapse (DC), and stiffness (k) were not significantly different between prosthesis and control groups.
- Both groups showed similar failure patterns, with 92% failing at the femoral neck.
- All prosthetic femurs still withstood ~6.2× body weight — exceeding estimated in vivo peak loads (~1.64× BW).
- Prosthesis positioning (neutral vs valgus) had no significant effect on biomechanical outcomes.
- Implant design preserved more metaphyseal bone stock than total hip replacement, possibly explaining the smaller load reduction compared to other short-stem prostheses.
- The press-fit cobalt–chromium design with conical stem allowed full contact and stress distribution over the femoral head/neck.
- Authors conclude the device has adequate immediate biomechanical strength for clinical use, though long-term in vivo studies are needed.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
4
2025
Biomechanical Evaluation of a Femoral Implant for Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty in Dogs: An Ex Vivo Study
2025-4-VCOT-perezneto-2
In Sadowitz 2023 et al., on screw angle & speed, which technique produced a lower TCF rate despite off-axis screw insertion?
🔍 Key Findings
- TCF risk increased significantly with 10° insertion angle at both 650 rpm (12.5%) and 1350 rpm (17.5%), compared to 0% in the control group (0° at 650 rpm).
- Hand insertion at 10° angle resulted in only 3.75% TCF rate, suggesting lower insertion speed reduces risk.
- No TCFs occurred when screws were inserted coaxially (0°) at either 650 or 1350 rpm, indicating angle is a critical factor.
- Screw speed alone did not increase TCF risk unless combined with off-axis insertion.
- Radiographically detectable TCFs were only considered; actual rates may be higher with direct bone inspection.
- Cutting flutes engaging undrilled bone during off-axis insertion likely contribute to TCF formation.
- Clinical implication: Ensure screws are inserted coaxially and at lower speeds to reduce TCF risk during procedures like TPLO.
- Statistically significant differences were found between control and high-angle insertion groups: Group C (p = .001), Group E (p < .001).
Veterinary Surgery
8
2023
Effect of screw insertion angle and speed on the incidence of transcortical fracture development in a canine tibial diaphyseal model
2023-8-VS-sadowitz-4
In Aly 2024 et al., on simulator training for feline OHE, what type of study design was used to evaluate simulator training?
🔍 Key Findings
- This study evaluated whether high-fidelity surgical simulator training improved live animal and student outcomes in a feline OHE teaching lab involving 186 cats and 146 students.
- Simulator training significantly improved surgical performance and outcomes:
- Live surgery was 6 minutes shorter on average in the SIM group vs. NO-SIM (115 ± 21 min vs. 121 ± 16 min, p = .04).
- Pain scores ≥5/20 occurred in 1% of SIM group cats vs. 15% of NO-SIM group cats (p < .01).
- Rescue analgesia was needed less frequently in the SIM group (5% vs. 15%, p = .03).
- Student confidence was significantly higher in the SIM group (median 7/10 vs. 6/10, p < .01).
- The simulator used a realistic abdominal model with friable tissues and required performance of a full OHE procedure.
- The study design was nonrandomized, grouped by class year, with limitations including lack of blinding during pain assessment in year two.
- Authors concluded that pre-lab simulator competency improves both animal welfare and student confidence, recommending it as a prerequisite for live surgical training.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Effect of surgical simulator training on student and live animal outcomes in a feline ovariohysterectomy teaching laboratory
2024-6-VS-aly-4
In Miller 2024 et al., on SOP-LC mechanical testing, which configuration improved initial torsional stiffness?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- No significant difference in mechanical properties between contoured vs non-contoured SOP-LC rods
- Clamp configuration significantly influenced mechanical performance:
- Single-side clamps → ↑ yield load, ↑ displacement, ↑ bending strength (p < 0.05)
- Alternating-side clamps → ↑ initial torsional stiffness (p = 0.029)
- Clamp slippage was evident only in torsional tests; screw loosening may be torque-dependent
- Mild screw bending and construct offset suggest subtle instability
- Recommends clamp configuration choice based on loading scenario
- Suggests 3.0 Nm torque may be more effective than 2.5 Nm to prevent clamp slippage
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Mechanical Testing of Sliding on Pivot-Locking Clamp (SOP-LC) Fracture Repair System in Four-Point Bending and Torsion
2024-4-VCOT-miller-3
In Antonakakis 2022 et al., on telovelar tumor resection, what advantage did the telovelar approach have over the transvermian approach?
🔍 Key Findings
- Telovelar approach enabled complete resection of a fourth ventricle choroid plexus tumor in a dog without postoperative complications.
- Postoperative MRI confirmed gross total tumor removal, and the dog remained neurologically normal 28 months post-surgery.
- The tela choroidea was used as a surgical landmark and incised to allow atraumatic access to the tumor.
- Cerebellum was spared using this technique, minimizing risk of cerebellar injury (e.g., cerebellar mutism).
- No hemorrhagic complications were noted during surgery due to dissection through avascular planes.
- Histopathology favored choroid plexus carcinoma based on mitotic index (9/10 HPFs), though definitive diagnosis remained pending.
- The case highlights the utility of telovelar over transvermian approach, given its minimally traumatic nature and improved exposure.
- Survival beyond 2 years without adjunctive therapy suggests surgical excision alone may be curative in select cases.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Use of a telovelar approach for complete resection of a choroid plexus tumor in a dog
2022-8-VS-antonakakis-3
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Key Findings