🔍 Key Findings

• External skeletal fixation (ESF) was successfully applied to a variety of pelvic fracture types in cats, including sacroiliac luxations and ilial body fractures.
• All fractures achieved radiographic union within 9 weeks, even in comminuted or complex configurations.
• No intraoperative or long-term complications were reported during the study period.
• Implant loosening was observed radiographically in 13% of cases, with 8% of pins found to be loose at frame removal.
• ESF enabled indirect fracture reduction using components as handles, with a limited open approach minimizing soft tissue disruption.
• No iatrogenic neurological deficits were observed, supporting safe pin placement near neurovascular structures, although some cats presented with pre-existing neurologic signs.
• No cases required revision surgery, and all cats underwent stabilization solely with ESF as per study inclusion criteria.
• Postoperative hospitalization ranged from 2 to 5 days, though no comparison to other fixation types was evaluated.

🔍 Key Findings

• Exercise-based rehabilitation showed benefits in 6 of 7 studies, including increased peak vertical force (PVF) and reduced lameness, though most had high risk of bias (RoB).
• Cold compression therapy (CCT) had 2 high-quality (Level II, low RoB) studies showing improvements in pain scores, range of motion, and swelling, supporting its clinical use.
• Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) was supported by 2 Level II studies; only one had low RoB, showing short-term benefits in patellar ligament thickness and PVF, but no long-term benefit on bone healing.
• Photobiomodulation (PBM) had mixed results across 3 Level II studies (all low RoB); only 1 showed positive impact on PVF, limiting its recommendation.
• Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) showed no significant impact on gait analysis or bone healing in a Level II, low RoB study.
• Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) improved lameness and thigh circumference in one Level III study, but had high-moderate RoB and involved experimentally-induced CCL rupture, limiting clinical relevance.
• No modality beyond exercise and CCT had consistent or strong evidence for efficacy in post-TPLO or extracapsular repair rehabilitation.
• The absence of standardized protocols, small sample sizes, and inconsistent outcome measures limited the generalizability of findings.

🔍 Key Findings

• Highest initial leak pressure (ILP) observed in the handsewn + cyanoacrylate (HS + CE) group: 83.3 ± 4.6 mmHg (p < .001 vs. others).
• Lowest ILP: cyanoacrylate-only group (CE): 18.6 ± 3.5 mmHg.
• No significant MIP difference between handsewn (HSE) and HS + CE groups (p = .19); CE had significantly lower MIP (22.7 mmHg).
• Leak location:
  • HSE: 60% from suture holes
  • CE: 100% from incisional line
  • HS + CE: 60% from incisional line, 40% from suture holes
• Authors conclude cyanoacrylate augmentation significantly increases ILP and could reduce enterotomy leakage risk.

🔍 Key Findings

• Study compared 606 dogs (English Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, Pugs) undergoing partial staphylectomy via CO₂ laser, bipolar vessel sealing device (BVSD), or conventional incision.
• Mortality rate: 4.0% (24/606).
• BVSD was associated with significantly increased perioperative mortality compared to other methods (OR = 6.0, 95% CI: 1.3–28.4, p = .023).
• High-grade laryngeal collapse (stage II or III) independently increased mortality risk (OR = 4.6, 95% CI: 1.8–11.8, p = .002).
• No difference in mortality between CO₂ laser and conventional incision techniques.
• CO₂ laser and conventional techniques had similar complication rates.

🔍 Key Findings

• 3D-printed cannulas (3DPCs) reduced mean surgical time significantly in cadaveric procedures (125.6 vs 95.2 min, p = 0.03).
• Cannula pullout events decreased from a mean of 10 to 2.2 per procedure when using only 3DPCs (p = 0.03).
• Instrument collisions were significantly fewer with 3DPCs (6.8 vs 2.6 collisions, p = 0.03).
• Live patients experienced no postoperative complications, including no incision site infections or discomfort.
• Initial versions of 3DPCs had minor issues, including valve leakage and looser trocar fit, requiring surgical workarounds.
• Customization of cannula shaft length (3 cm vs standard 5–8.3 cm) improved working space and reduced instrument interference.
• Production cost was under $5 per cannula, suggesting 3DPCs may be a cost-effective and reusable alternative for small patients.
• Study supports broader use of 3DPCs in laparoscopic procedures requiring long-jawed instruments or intricate tissue handling.

🔍 Key Findings

Synovitis was present in 100% of canine stifles with CCL disease (n = 163).

The most frequent severity score was 3/5 (55.2%), followed by 4/5 (24.5%).

Higher synovitis scores were significantly associated with:

• Higher median cartilage scores (p = .042, OR = 2.1 per unit increase)
• Longer duration of clinical signs (p < .001, OR = 1.27 per month)

Bodyweight (p = .083) and sex (p = .17) were not statistically significant in multivariable analysis.

Bucket handle meniscal tears were not associated with synovitis severity.

Clinical implication: Earlier intervention may help reduce synovitis and slow OA progression.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Prevalence of contralateral CCLR in dogs ≥8 years and ≥15kg was 19.1%, notably lower than previous studies (33–50%).
• Median time to contralateral CCLR was 12.9 months.
• Older age reduced risk — 2% decrease per month of age (p=0.003).
• Golden Retrievers and Labradors had significantly lower risk (p=0.028 and p=0.007, respectively).
• No effect found from TPA, meniscal injury, or comorbidities (e.g., hip dysplasia, hypothyroidism).

🔍 Key Findings

• A positive meniscal flounce sign was associated with normal menisci in 95.5% of cases, demonstrating strong predictive value.
• Absence of the meniscal flounce sign was associated with meniscal tears in 92.7% of cases.
• Overall diagnostic accuracy of the flounce sign was 94.6%, with 96.6% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity.
• Most tears in flounce-negative stifles were bucket-handle tears (73.8%), while radial tears were present in some flounce-positive stifles.
• Radial tears did not consistently eliminate the flounce sign, suggesting they may not disrupt meniscal fiber tension sufficiently.
• All procedures were arthroscopically performed, with probing and visualization of the medial meniscus' caudal pole.
• Flounce sign should complement, not replace, probing—especially as some tear types (e.g., radial) may not abolish the sign.
• Limb positioning and joint distraction may affect flounce visibility, introducing minor observer variability.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Cadaveric study using 3 miniature breed dogs (6 hemipelves) to assess spinal neuronavigation accuracy for lumbar plate fixation
• 20 screws placed using CBCT-based navigation with real-time tracking
• 85% (17/20) of screws were safely and accurately placed
• Median deviation of screw entry points from plan: 1.8 mm
• All 3 misplaced screws occurred in a single cadaver, attributed to inexperienced drill handling
• Custom 3D-printed lightweight tracking array was necessary due to small spinous processes in miniature dogs
• No iatrogenic canal perforations or vertebral damage in any specimen
• Concludes neuronavigation offers precise, safe placement of spinal implants in small dogs, with minimal anatomic disruption

🔍 Key Findings

• Remote respiratory function grading (RFG) had poor to moderate reliability compared to in-person assessment.
• Expert graders had higher agreement with in-person scores than novices (Cohen’s kappa 0.37–0.48 vs. 0.21–0.47).
• Interobserver agreement was moderate among experts (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.59) and poor among novices (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.39).
• Remote recordings suffered from background noise, short clip durations, and technical limitations of electronic stethoscope recordings.
• Final RFG scores were based on the highest grade across categories (respiratory noise, inspiratory effort, dyspnea/cyanosis/syncope).
• Clinical impact: Only in-person grading reliably supports decisions for surgical intervention or breeding restrictions.