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In Kokkinos 2025 et al., on THR age effects, what best describes the clinical recommendation based on the study findings?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study population: 116 dogs underwent cementless THR; grouped by age:
- Group A: ≤6 months (n = 27)
- Group B: >6 to ≤12 months (n = 41)
- Group C: >12 months (n = 48)
- Overall perioperative complication rate: 31.9% (37/116)
- Group A: 22.2%
- Group B: 26.8%
- Group C: 41.7%
- No significant difference in total complication rate by age (p = .207), though older dogs (Group C) had numerically higher rates.
- Luxation was significantly more common in dogs >12 months:
- Group C: 14.6% vs. Group A (0%) and Group B (2.4%) → p = .049
- Most common complications: luxation (9.5%) and intraoperative fissure or fracture (9.5%)
- Time under anesthesia and surgery duration were not associated with complication risk (p = .297 and p = .781)
- No infections or aseptic loosening observed during the 8-week follow-up.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2025
The influence of age at total hip replacement on perioperative complications in dogs
2025-3-VS-kokkinos-5
In Shetler 2022 et al., on radial head OCD, what feature characterized the OCD lesions arthroscopically?
🔍 Key Findings
- Bilateral radial head OCD lesions were identified in a 6-month-old English Bulldog with elbow lameness.
- Medial arthroscopic portals allowed only partial visualization of radial head lesions, insufficient for treatment.
- Lateral arthroscopy portals provided excellent access for fragment removal and abrasion arthroplasty.
- Histopathology confirmed OCD, showing cartilage degeneration and retained cartilaginous cores.
- Dog showed complete resolution of lameness and no elbow pain at 5 months post-op.
- Lesions were caudolateral on the radial head, with discoid elevation of cartilage and clefts.
- Lateral approach avoids major neurovascular structures, reducing iatrogenic risk.
- The authors suggest lateral elbow arthroscopy may have broader indications, including for medial compartment disease or synovial biopsies.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
The use of lateral arthroscopy portals for the management of bilateral osteochondritis dissecans of the radial head in an English bulldog
2022-8-VS-shetler-3
In Gant 2025 et al., on skin prep and SSI, what was the association between patient weight and SSI development?
🔍 Key Findings
- No statistically significant difference in overall SSI rates: 9.2% (chlorhexidine) vs. 7.38% (iodophor) (p = .25).
- Significant drape lift occurred in 13.2% of cases; those with lift had 2.72× increased risk of SSI (p = .026).
- Increased body weight was a statistically significant risk factor for SSI (p = .008): each 1 kg increased SSI risk by 3%.
- Use of glutaraldehyde was associated with a 2.38× increased risk of SSI (p = .055, approaching significance).
- No difference in SSI rates based on surgeon training level or surgical classification (clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated).
Veterinary Surgery
3
2025
Influence of skin preparation on surgical site infection and lift of adhesive surgical drapes
2025-3-VS-gant-3
In Eiger 2024 et al., on NIRFA-ICG in axial flaps, what limitation most affected the visibility of OMO and THO flaps compared to CSE?
🔍 Key Findings
- Caudal superficial epigastric (CSE) flaps were most visible with NIRFA, scoring 4/4 VFP in 97% of evaluations.
- CSE flap margins were altered in 65% of observations after NIRFA, showing the strongest influence on surgical planning.
- Thoracodorsal (THO) and omocervical (OMO) flaps had lower visualization scores, with 60–81% of images scoring below 2.
- Surgeons were 17–25 times more likely to adjust margins for CSE flaps versus OMO or THO based on fluorescence imaging.
- Poor inter-rater agreement was found for OMO (ICC 0.49) and THO (ICC 0.35); CSE had near-perfect agreement, but ICC was low due to uniform high scoring.
- Visualization was affected by flap depth and panniculus, making deeper vessels (OMO, THO) harder to see.
- Surgeons often shortened flap length and reduced flap area when modifying based on NIRFA results.
- Real-time angiosome visualization via NIRFA-ICG may reduce necrosis risk and improve patient-specific APF design.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Use of near‐infrared fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green to evaluate direct cutaneous arteries used for canine axial pattern flaps
2024-6-VS-eiger-3
In Espinel Rupérez 2023 et al., in Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats, what proportion of deviations from the intended technique were major?
🔍 Key Findings
- 14 joints from 7 cat cadavers underwent AA-HTS successfully.
- Median surgical time: 46.5 min (29–144), including 7 min for arthroscopy and 40 min for toggle placement.
- Intraoperative complications in 5/14 joints: 4 related to femoral tunnel creation, 1 toggle lodging.
- Toggle passage through femoral tunnel was the most challenging step, mildly difficult in 6 joints.
- Cartilage injury occurred in 10 joints, but all were minor (<10% of cartilage area).
- 13 deviations from planned technique were identified (8 major, 5 minor), all involving femoral tunnel placement.
- No neurovascular, intrapelvic, or major periarticular injuries occurred.
- Authors conclude: AA-HTS is feasible in cats, but associated with high rates of minor iatrogenic cartilage damage, intra-op complications, and technique deviations.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats: An ex vivo feasibility study
2023-7-VS-espinel-4
In Buote 2023 et al., on laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in cats, what percentage of cadavers had successful LVSG procedures completed?
🔍 Key Findings
- LVSG was feasible in 9/10 feline cadavers and both live cats, with no intra- or postoperative complications in live cases.
- Two cadavers developed suspected stenosis due to staple lines too close to the lesser curvature; avoided with orogastric tube placement in later cases.
- No evidence of gastric leakage in any cadavers (8/10 tested) or live patients after methylene blue leak tests.
- Mean surgical time was ~110 min cadavers / 115 min live, and 27.6% of stomach mass was resected.
- Both live cats recovered uneventfully, lost 21–24% body weight over 3 months, and had no GI complications at 6-month follow-up.
- Orogastric tube and tension on the greater curvature were critical to avoid staple line misplacement or stenosis.
- No oversew of the staple line was needed, and unreinforced staples showed no leakage in live patients.
- Future studies needed to assess metabolic outcomes and ideal staple sizing and closure techniques.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy in felines: A cadaveric feasibility study and experimental case series in two cats
2023-6-VS-buote2-1
In Fracka 2023 et al., on patient-specific guides, what did NOT significantly differ between PSG and generic guide groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed patient-specific guides (PSGs) improved tibial cut alignment in the frontal plane compared to generic guides (mean error 1.03° vs 2.41°, p = .036).
- All tibial cuts using PSGs were within 3° of target alignment, while 2/8 of the generic group were outliers.
- PSGs significantly improved sagittal alignment of both distal (p = .018) and cranial (p = .043) femoral cuts.
- No significant difference was found in varus-valgus femoral alignment or closing angle between PSG and generic guide groups.
- Tibial sagittal slope alignment was not significantly different between groups.
- PSGs provided better intraoperative usability, including improved visibility, no loosening, and ease of use.
- Femoral sizing and component fit were equivalent between PSGs and generic guides, ensuring proper prosthesis alignment.
- PSGs may offer training advantages for novice surgeons, especially in anatomically complex or deformed joints.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
3D-printed, patient-specific cutting guides improve femoral and tibial cut alignment in canine total knee replacement
2023-5-VS-fracka-4
In Moreira 2024 et al., which CCWO technique resulted in the lowest mean prediction error for postoperative TPA?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Study Type: In silico 3D modeling of canine tibiae (n = 20 limbs)
- Four techniques evaluated:
- Proximal-centered wedge
- Middle-centered wedge
- Distal-centered wedge
- Slocum-type wedge (based on tibial plateau and cranial cortex)
- Target TPA: 5°
- Most accurate: Slocum technique had the smallest mean prediction error (mean = –0.7°, SD = 0.5°)
- Least accurate: Proximal-centered wedge (mean error = –2.9°, SD = 1.2°)
- Error variation: Prediction error increased with greater initial TPA; high correlation (R² = 0.74)
- Conclusion: Planning based on tibial plateau and cranial cortex (Slocum method) yields better TPA predictability
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
Predicting tibial plateau angles following four different types of cranial closing wedge osteotomy using patient-specific 3-dimensional computer models
2024-1-VS-moreira-1
In Kuvaldina 2023 et al., in Minimally invasive axillary lymphadenectomy in dogs, which of the following best describes postoperative morbidity in the 3 clinical patients?
🔍 Key Findings
- A minimally invasive endoscopic technique was successfully developed for excisional biopsy of axillary lymph nodes in dogs.
- The procedure was performed on 4 cadavers (6 limbs) and 3 clinical patients, with no major complications reported.
- Mean cadaveric time: accessory axillary node 5.1 min; axillary node 33 min. One limb had a double axillary node.
- In clinical cases, 2/3 were completed endoscopically; one required conversion to open due to node elevation difficulty.
- Surgical times in clinical cases ranged from 35 to 58 minutes, depending on node accessibility and number.
- Postoperative morbidity was minimal: no lymphedema, minor seroma or lameness resolved quickly.
- The SILS port approach enabled effective access, though precise placement was critical to visualization.
- This is the first reported veterinary endoscopic technique for axillary lymphadenectomy; potential for improved staging and reduced morbidity.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Development of a minimally invasive endoscopic technique for excisional biopsy of the axillary lymph nodes in dogs
2023-7-VS-kuvaldina-4
In Anderson 2025 et al., on wound drain configurations, how many wounds achieved ≥95% surface area coverage?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study Design: Cadaveric model using four large-breed dogs with 10x10 cm full-thickness wounds at four locations (shoulder, thorax, flank, thigh).
- Configurations Tested: Diagonal, opposite, parallel, and perpendicular placements of wound infusion catheter and JP drain.
- Fluid Retrieval:
- No significant difference by configuration (p = .92) or location (p = .32).
- Perpendicular configuration had the highest mean retrieval (11.35 mL, 56.8% of instilled volume).
- Flank location had the lowest retrieval (7.2 mL, 35.9%).
- Surface Area Coverage:
- Parallel configuration achieved the highest SA coverage (83.4% ± 11.6%, p < .01).
- Perpendicular was lowest.
- Leakage:
- No difference in leakage between configurations (p = .74) or locations (p = .10).
- Leakage commonly occurred at drain or catheter entry points (93.8% of wounds).
- Conclusion: Parallel drain configuration optimized fluid dispersion. Infusion-retrieval systems may allow for topical therapy delivery in closed wounds.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2025
Application and influence of four drain configurations on fluid dispersal and retrieval in a cadaveric canine wound infusion-retrieval system model
2025-2-VS-anderson2-5
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