🔍 Key Findings

Objective: Determine if topical 45 mg/mL amikacin in CMC gel leads to systemic absorption in dogs with wounds.

Dogs enrolled: 11 client-owned dogs, with 31 applications of the gel.

Serum findings:

• Only 5 of 153 samples were above the 2.5 µg/mL quantification limit
• All values remained <5 µg/mL, the presumed toxicity threshold
• No correlation was found between dose-related parameters (mg, mg/kg, mg/cm²) and serum amikacin levels

Peak concentrations were observed at ~2 hours post-application, declining rapidly thereafter

No nephrotoxicity observed, and most values were below detection

Conclusion: Topical amikacin gel appears safe at doses up to 24.9 mg/kg, with minimal systemic absorption

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• The lateral approach via scapular osteotomy allowed safe access to the T1-2 foramen in a French Bulldog with foraminal disc extrusion.
• A mini-hemilaminectomy was performed, preserving articular facets.
• The dog had no neurologic deficits postoperatively, returned to ambulation within 24 hours, and was discharged in 3 days.
• At 10 months, CT confirmed excellent scapular healing and no recurrence.
• Double 2.4-mm locking plates provided stable fixation across the scapular spine.
• The technique avoided thoracic entry or dorsal spine dissection, suggesting a less invasive alternative for select T1-2 foraminal cases.

🔍 Key Findings

• 83% of dogs survived to discharge after adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma.
• Median survival time post-discharge was 1169 days (3.2 years).
• Preoperative alpha-blocker therapy (e.g., phenoxybenzamine) was not associated with improved survival.
• Dogs receiving alpha-blockers had higher intraoperative systolic BP, with median values 170 mmHg vs. 142 mmHg in non-treated dogs (P = .01).
• Intraoperative arrhythmias occurred in 30% of cases, with no difference between dogs receiving alpha-blockers and those not.
• Histologic vascular invasion occurred in ~70% of tumors.
• Tumor recurrence was suspected in 3 dogs, and metastasis in 8 dogs, though not histologically confirmed in most cases.
• Postoperative complications included refractory hypotension, acute kidney injury, and hypertension persisting >48 hours in 10 dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Two short screws (SLS or SPS) provided >2× peak load, yield load, and stiffness vs a single long screw (LLS) for SI joint stabilization.
• No mechanical advantage was seen between the two short screw types (lag vs positional).
• All short screws terminated lateral to the spinal canal, avoiding spinal impingement.
• Ventral sacral foraminal impingement occurred in 3 short-screw cases (1 SPS, 2 SLS), all involving the caudal screw.
• LLS group showed more abaxial displacement at osteotomy sites, suggesting inferior stabilization for concurrent pelvic fractures.
• Short screw constructs had longer total screw length (48 mm) than LLS (40 mm), contributing to increased stiffness.
• Positioning of caudal screw in a cranial/craniodorsal trajectory may help avoid nerve foraminal injury.
• No significant difference in displacement at peak load among groups; stiffness and load capacity were the primary benefits.

🔍 Key Findings

• Locking plates (except ALPS-5) withstood significantly more cycles before failure than nonlocking DCP constructs.
• ALPS-6.5, LCP, and FIXIN plates endured higher loads and resisted displacement better than DCP and ALPS-5.
• ALPS-5 plates showed lower bending stiffness than all other constructs (P < .05).
• DCP constructs failed due to screw loosening, seen in all specimens.
• Locking constructs failed by bone slicing, affecting 100% of specimens.
• Catastrophic implant failure (fracture or plastic deformation) occurred only in ALPS-5 group.
• Plate size and screw-plate interface both influence resistance to cyclic loading in feline ilial fracture repair.
• Locking plates are preferable for reducing screw pullout, but plate strength (e.g., cross-section) must match loading forces.

🔍 Key Findings

Study population: 73 hips from 60 dogs undergoing cementless THR.
Methods evaluated:

• ACVD/ACOLL (acetabular circle on VD or OLL view)
• ALVD/ALOLL (acetabular line)
• FHCVD/FHCOLL/FHCCCHB (femoral head circle)

• Intraobserver repeatability and interobserver consistency were excellent for ACVD and ACOLL.
• FHC methods consistently underestimated actual cup size by 2.4–3.6 mm.
• AC and AL methods had low bias (±0.5 mm) and better predictive value.
• OA severity negatively affected the accuracy of all measurements (p < .05).
• Highest predictive accuracy was ~49% using ACVD with rounding down protocol.

🔍 Key Findings

• Locking plates (except ALPS-5) withstood significantly more cycles before failure than nonlocking DCP constructs.
• ALPS-6.5, LCP, and FIXIN plates endured higher loads and resisted displacement better than DCP and ALPS-5.
• ALPS-5 plates showed lower bending stiffness than all other constructs (P < .05).
• DCP constructs failed due to screw loosening, seen in all specimens.
• Locking constructs failed by bone slicing, affecting 100% of specimens.
• Catastrophic implant failure (fracture or plastic deformation) occurred only in ALPS-5 group.
• Plate size and screw-plate interface both influence resistance to cyclic loading in feline ilial fracture repair.
• Locking plates are preferable for reducing screw pullout, but plate strength (e.g., cross-section) must match loading forces.

🔍 Key Findings

• COR of elbows with FMCP was significantly more caudal compared to normal elbows, based on CT-derived geometry.
• In normal elbows, 74% of medial and 93% of lateral axes exited cranial and distal to the epicondyles.
• In FMCP elbows, 81% of medial and 70% of lateral axes exited caudal and distal to the epicondyles.
• Different landmark combinations produced slightly different COR approximations, especially between humeral vs. radius/ulna-based axes.
• The medial-lateral axis using trochlea and capitulum centers provided the most consistent COR approximation.
• COR estimations based on diseased elbows may not match normal joint geometry, impacting implant alignment accuracy.
• External epicondylar landmarks may be useful intraoperatively to estimate COR location, but variability limits precision.
• Drill diameter size may buffer small COR differences, but impact in advanced disease or bilateral cases remains unclear.

🔍 Key Findings

Internal fixation (IF) group (n=59):

• Complication rate: 20.3%
• Major complications: 15.3%
• Longer time to discharge if complications occurred (median: 12.5 weeks)

External skeletal fixation (ESF) group (n=36):

• Complication rate: 55.6% (p < .001 vs IF)
• Major complications: 52.8%
• Most common issue: pin tract morbidity

Multivariable analysis:

• Use of IF significantly reduced odds of complications (OR 0.23, p = .004)
• Use of post-op antibiotics associated with increased odds of complications (OR 3.53, p = .028)

Fixation choice influenced by age:

• Older puppies more likely to receive IF (OR 1.25 per week increase in age, p < .001)

Breed & fracture distribution:

• Common breeds: Labrador, Border Collie, Whippet
• Common fracture sites: middle and proximal third of tibia

🔍 Key Findings

• Crescent guide use resulted in significantly less medial cortical damage (mean 3.8 mm²) than the radial saw guide (35.7 mm²) and standard jig (51.3 mm²) in bone models.
• No significant difference in osteotomy accuracy (distance of eccentricity, coronal or axial angulation) among crescent guide, radial guide, or standard jig in either bone models or cadavers.
• Device application time was shortest with the crescent guide and longest for the radial saw guide.
• Osteotomy time was fastest with the crescent guide compared to the radial saw guide (P = .015).
• Participants rated the crescent guide easier to apply than both the radial saw guide (P < .005) and the standard jig (P = .015).
• 5 of 6 novice participants preferred the crescent guide over the other devices for performing TPLO.
• Subjective ease of osteotomy performance was higher with the crescent guide vs. radial guide (P < .001).
• Crescent guide does not assist in fragment stabilization or plateau rotation unlike a standard TPLO jig.