🔍 Key Findings

• Objective: Evaluate feasibility and accuracy of 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides for iliosacral screw placement in cadaver dogs.
• N = 10 canine cadavers (20 hemipelves); screw placement done using fluoroscopic-assisted patient-specific guides (PSG).
• Median cortical breach grade: 0 (IQR 0–1) for all screws.
  19/20 screws breached sacral canal wall (all ≤ grade 2), but no screws breached canal contents (grade 3).
• Median trajectory deviation: 0.88° transverse, 0.72° dorsal.
• Procedure time: Median 7.2 minutes for guide placement and drilling.
• Conclusions: PSG-assisted screw placement was safe, accurate, and fast, offering clinical potential in pelvic trauma.

🔍 Key Findings

• Surgeons with smaller glove sizes experienced more difficulty using laparoscopic instruments, especially endoscopic staplers, cup biopsy forceps, and vessel sealing devices.
• Endoscopic stapler was rated the most difficult instrument, with a median difficulty score of 4/10 and 25% usage difficulty.
• Female surgeons reported significantly more difficulty with several instruments due to smaller glove size.
• Reusable instruments were preferred over disposable ones for all tasks.
• Pistol grips were preferred for grasping/retracting and fine dissection, while axial grips were preferred for suturing/knot tying.
• Articulating handles were consistently associated with increased reported difficulty, especially with scissors and cup biopsy forceps.
• Left-handed surgeons had more difficulty operating endoscopic staplers, suggesting limited design inclusivity.
• Surgeons in academic settings reported more difficulty with laparoscopic maneuvers than those in private practice.

🔍 Key Findings

• 3D laparoscopy significantly reduced time to first endoclip placement compared to 2D (median 76 vs. 238 seconds, p = .016).
• Total surgical time was not significantly different between 3D and 2D groups.
• No differences were observed in intraoperative complications such as cystic duct injury, clip dislodgment, or gallbladder perforation.
• Cystic duct stump length was comparable between groups (median 2.5 mm).
• Liver parenchyma attachment severity did not differ significantly between 2D and 3D groups.
• All procedures were performed by an experienced surgeon, potentially reducing the benefit seen with 3D visualization.
• No conversions to open surgery occurred, and no intraoperative complications were reported.
• The study suggests 3D laparoscopy may aid less experienced surgeons due to enhanced depth perception.

🔍 Key Findings

• Dorsal scrotal arteries, branching from the ventral perineal arteries, are the dominant arterial supply to the scrotum in dogs.
• The ventral scrotal arteries, arising from the external pudendal arteries, perfused only the cranial scrotal border and were inconsistently present or absent in some dogs.
• A scrotal flap based on the dorsal scrotal arteries showed strong perfusion and may be a viable axial pattern flap.
• Perfusion was consistent across fresh and frozen cadavers, showing no difference due to preservation method.
• Poor flap survival (27%) occurred when based on cranial supply alone (i.e., ventral scrotal arteries), confirming importance of preserving caudal supply.
• There are anastomoses between dorsal and ventral scrotal arteries, offering collateral flow but insufficient alone for complete perfusion.
• Scrotal flaps based on the caudal pedicle may be applicable for reconstruction of proximal medial/lateral thigh wounds.
• Proposed flap requires careful preservation of ventral perineal arteries, ideally designed 2.5–3 cm lateral to midline in large dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

The study included 162 deep-pain-negative dogs undergoing decompressive surgery (hemilaminectomy) for acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE).

Ambulatory recovery occurred in 53.1% of dogs (86/162).

The best performing machine-learning model was XGBoost, with an AUC of 0.9502 and accuracy of 89.1%, outperforming Ridge, AdaBoost, and Naive Bayes models.

Preoperative-only XGBoost models were less accurate, with AUC dropping to 0.8271 and accuracy to 71.9%.

Top predictive features (by SHAP analysis) included:

1. T2-weighted to L2 spinal cord signal ratio (lower values predicted better outcome)
2. Use of fenestration (presence associated with better recovery)
3. Hospitalization duration
4. Imaging modality used
5. Duration of nonambulatory status

Machine learning provided better insight into prognostic factors than traditional statistical methods.

🔍 Key Findings

• SVAPs placed in axillary (aSVAP) or femoral/external iliac veins (fSVAP) during limb amputation remained functional in 92.3% and 100% of cases, respectively.
• Complication rates were lower in aSVAP (23.1%) and fSVAP (0%) compared to jSVAP (47.4%), although not statistically significant (P = .12).
• No catastrophic complications occurred with aSVAP or fSVAP; 2 deaths occurred with jSVAP due to port-related issues.
• Infection-related port removal was needed in 1 aSVAP (7.7%) and 2 jSVAPs (10.5%) — no removals were required in fSVAPs.
• Tip placement of the catheter (e.g., right atrium vs. vena cava) did not correlate with complications (P = .66).
• Shorter surgical time likely with aSVAP/fSVAP as they use the same surgical field as the limb amputation.
• Survival time median was similar across groups (jSVAP: 177 days, aSVAP: 125 days, fSVAP: 122 days).
• SVAP implantation during limb amputation offers a practical and safe alternative to separate jugular placement.

🔍 Key Findings

• Prophylactic fenestration (PF) significantly reduced recurrence of cervical intervertebral disc extrusion (0% vs. 37.8%, p < .001).
• Surgery time was longer with PF (median 182 vs. 110 min, p = .017), but no difference in perioperative complication rates (PF 16.7%, non-PF 18.9%; p = .838).
• 25% overall recurrence rate, but all recurrences occurred in the non-PF group.
• Medical management was effective in 92.9% of recurrence cases.
• Most PF sites targeted adjacent discs; 88.9% were at adjacent levels, which are common recurrence sites.
• Neurologic outcomes were similar between PF and non-PF dogs post-surgery and at follow-up.
• Fenestration technique (blade vs. burr) not shown to affect outcome but contributed to extended surgical time.
• No major complications or deaths linked directly to PF in initial surgeries.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 89 French Bulldogs with HCF; 40.4% (36/89) had contralateral HIF
• Prophylactic transcondylar screws placed in 20/36 HIF; no complications in these
• Complication rate for HCF repair = 13.4% (6.7% minor, 6.7% major)
• Most complications occurred with Kirschner wire fixation
• Short-term outcome: Bone healing observed in all, but 14/45 had persistent intracondylar gap
• Long-term outcomes (n=27):
  • Excellent = 66.7%
  • Good = 29.6%
  • Fair = 3.7%
• Complication-free dogs significantly more likely to have excellent/good outcomes (p = 0.007)

🔍 Key Findings

• Barbed sutures showed comparable leakage pressure to traditional sutures and stapling devices (p = .36).
• No bronchial leaks occurred at physiological pressure (<20 cmH₂O) in any group.
• Leakage at supraphysiologic pressure (20–80 cmH₂O) occurred in 90% of stapler, 80% of traditional, and 60% of barbed suture closures.
• Barbed sutures reduced ligation time significantly compared to traditional sutures (10.7 vs. 14.1 minutes, p < .01).
• Staplers remained fastest, with mean ligation time of 2.4 minutes.
• No knot failure or suture breakage was observed in barbed or traditional suture groups.
• Leakage in barbed sutures occurred mostly at the loop effector zone, but remained within acceptable limits.
• Barbed sutures may offer an effective alternative when staplers are unavailable, impractical, or cost-prohibitive.

🔍 Key Findings

• Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) infiltration did not reduce the need for rescue analgesia compared with placebo in dogs undergoing TPLO.
• CMPS-SF pain scores were not significantly different between LB and placebo groups at any postoperative time point.
• % body weight distribution (%BWdist) to the operated limb did not differ significantly between treatment groups across all time points.
• No correlation was found between CMPS-SF scores and %BWdist, suggesting these metrics assess different aspects of postoperative pain.
• Postoperative carprofen administration was standardized, and LB did not provide additional detectable analgesic benefit.
• Three-layer infiltration technique (joint capsule, fascia, subcutis) was used consistently across all cases.
• Adverse events were minor and comparable between LB and placebo groups.
• Post hoc analysis suggested a much larger sample size (58–436 dogs) would be needed to detect significant differences in %BWdist.