Your Custom Quiz
In Husi 2023 et al., on TPLO vs TPLO-IB biomechanics, what was the intraobserver reliability for the eTPT and iTPT tests after TPLO and TPLO-IB?
🔍 Key Findings
- TPLO alone failed to neutralize rotational instability under tibial pivot compression (TPT), despite a negative TCT.
- TPLO combined with lateral augmentation (TPLO-IB) restored both craniocaudal and rotational stability to near-intact levels.
- Cranial tibial translation was 6× greater after TPLO vs intact stifles when tested with TPT (p < .001).
- No significant difference in cranial tibial translation or internal rotation between intact stifles and TPLO-IB group during TCT, eTPT, or iTPT.
- TPLO-IB did not overconstrain the stifle, avoiding excessive external rotation.
- External tibial rotation (eTPT) was more sensitive than TCT in detecting persistent instability after TPLO.
- Excellent intraobserver reliability for both eTPT and iTPT (ICC > 0.9).
- Study supports intraoperative use of TPT to identify cases needing additional rotational stabilization.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
Comparative kinetic and kinematic evaluation of TPLO and TPLO combined with extra-articular lateral augmentation: A biomechanical study
2023-5-VS-husi-5
In Takagi 2022 et al., on hepatic venous anatomy, what was the most commonly observed number of veins draining the caudate process of the caudate lobe directly into the caudal vena cava?
🔍 Key Findings
- Hepatic venous drainage patterns vary widely across all lobes, especially the left lateral lobe.
- Right lateral lobe had a median of 2 vessels draining directly into the caudal vena cava (CVC); range: 1–4.
- Caudate process of caudate lobe had the most variability: 1–5 vessels draining into the CVC; 2 vessels was most common (54.5%).
- Left lateral lobe drained via 2–8 veins into the left hepatic vein (LHV), with 3 veins most common (31.2%).
- Left medial lobe typically had 1 vein draining into the LHV (61% of dogs).
- Papillary process drained into the LHV in 93.5% of cases; 6.5% drained directly to the CVC.
- Quadrate lobe always had 1 vessel draining either directly to the CVC or via the LHV.
- CTA revealed more variations than previously described in plastinated or cadaveric studies, highlighting its superior value in surgical planning.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Computed angiographic variations in hepatic venous vasculature in dogs
2022-4-VS-takagi-2
In Almeida 2025 et al., on TPLO and partial CCL rupture, which factor was positively correlated with increased ligament thickness?
🔍 Key Findings
- Transecting the CCL remnant during TPLO did not reduce patellar ligament thickening (PLT) at any measured point (proximal, mid, distal).
- Transection also failed to reduce postoperative patellar ligament shortening (PLL) at 6 weeks.
- Both groups (transected vs non-transected) showed significant thickening and shortening, with greatest PLT increase at the midpoint.
- Increased PLT was positively correlated with tibial plateau rotation (p = 0.02) and postoperative TPA (p = 0.04).
- No correlation between TT-O (tibial tuberosity width index) and PLT, suggesting narrow osteotomies did not influence PLT in this population.
- Partial CCL rupture was not significantly protective; dogs with partial tears still developed ligament thickening.
- Post-TPLO mid-patellar ligament thickening may relate to Gelpi retractor placement and osteotomy mechanics rather than CCL status.
- Authors do not recommend CCL transection during TPLO to prevent desmitis, citing possible increased instability and degeneration.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
4
2025
Effect of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Transection during TPLO on Patellar Desmitis in Dogs with Partial Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture
2025-4-VCOT-almeida-3
In Heald 2022 et al., on PED wound therapy, what antimicrobial mechanism is attributed to the electroceutical dressing?
🔍 Key Findings
- Electroceutical dressing (PED) promoted complete healing of chronic wounds in both a dog and a cat previously unresponsive to standard therapies.
- Infection clearance occurred in both animals by the end of PED therapy, as shown by negative culture results.
- In the dog, wound area reduced by ~4.2× over 10 days; healing completed by day 67 with no further antibiotic therapy.
- In the cat, wound area reduced by ~2.5× over 17 days; healing completed by day 47 without systemic antibiotics.
- PEDs function via direct current (DC) stimulation, believed to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) with antibacterial properties.
- No side effects or adverse tissue reactions were observed in either case, supporting biocompatibility.
- Multidrug-resistant organisms (e.g., S. pseudintermedius, S. canis, S. epidermidis) were eradicated by PED treatment.
- PED therapy may reduce reliance on antibiotics and surgery, offering a novel adjunct for chronic, infected wounds.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Electroceutical treatment of infected chronic wounds in a dog and a cat
2022-3-VS-heald-1
In Dalton 2023 et al., on acetabular fracture repair, what was the median postoperative fracture gap reported in canine cadavers?
🔍 Key Findings
- Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures using precontoured plates on 3D-printed models is feasible and technically reproducible in dogs.
- All cadavers had fracture gaps <2 mm and step defects <1 mm, indicating accurate reduction.
- Sciatic nerve injury was minimal or absent in all cases, supporting potential neuroprotection from indirect approaches.
- Pelvic angulation was maintained <5°, confirming preservation of alignment post-reduction.
- Surgical time averaged ~46 minutes in cadavers for both approaches and repair.
- Clinical case showed good radiographic healing by 8 weeks and full union by 3 months, with early weight-bearing post-op.
- Use of locking screws improved reduction fidelity, particularly across a broad plate span.
- 3D printing accelerated surgical planning, though its necessity remains debated due to the availability and cost concerns.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures in dogs: Ex vivo feasibility study and case report
2023-6-VS-dalton-1-91d41
In Duvieusart 2025 et al., on lung lobectomy approaches, which approach was associated with staple line leaks?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study Design: Canine cadaveric study comparing intercostal thoracotomy (ICT), median sternotomy (MS), and transdiaphragmatic with caudal median sternotomy (TDCM) for accessory lung lobectomy (ALL).
- Main Outcomes:
- Exposure Area: TDCM (193.5 cm²) > MS (106.5 cm²) > ICT (73.5 cm²) (p = .01).
- TDCM provided significantly greater exposure than MS (p = .02) and ICT (p = .02); MS > ICT (p = .04).
- Surgical Time: No significant difference (p = .06).
- Lobe Excision (% by weight/surface area): No significant difference between groups (p = .4).
- Staple Line Leak: Leak at ≤40 cmH₂O in 2/4 ICT, 0/4 MS, 0/4 TDCM (p = .09).
- Complications:
- 1/4 MS cases had iatrogenic damage to an adjacent lobe.
- Technical Insights:
- TDCM approach allowed immediate visualization of all three parts of the right pulmonary ligament.
- The TDCM approach offers improved access without requiring en bloc removal with the right caudal lobe.
- Conclusion: The TDCM approach provides improved exposure for ALL lobectomy with no increase in surgical time or complications relative to other approaches.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
Comparison of three approaches for accessory lung lobectomy in the canine cadaveric model: Intercostal thoracotomy, median sternotomy, and a transdiaphragmatic approach combined with caudal median sternotomy
2025-1-VS-duvieusart-2
In Danielski 2024 et al., on PUO effect on HIF, which group showed the largest increase in HU at the fissure site postoperatively?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Sample: 51 elbows from 35 spaniel dogs
- Healing Rate: Subjective healing (complete or partial) in 80.3% of elbows; complete in 54.9%
- Objective HU analysis: Mean HU increased from 640 (pre-op) to 835 (follow-up) (p = .001)
- Age Effect: Dogs <14 months showed the greatest HU increase (+384 HU) and had wider fissures with less sclerosis
- Complications:
- Major: 5 dogs (6 limbs); 4 related to fissure healing (7.8%), 2 related to PUO healing (3.9%)
- Minor: 3 cases (5.8%) due to IM pin migration
- Sclerosis: Older dogs had more humeral condyle sclerosis, possibly limiting healing
- PUO Effectiveness: Confirmed cranio-proximal displacement of anconeal process; aimed to relieve humero-anconeal incongruity
- Control Comparison: Avoids complications associated with transcondylar screw (infection, breakage)
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Influence of oblique proximal ulnar osteotomy on humeral intracondylar fissures in 35 spaniel breed dogs
2024-2-VS-danielski-2
In Pilot 2022 et al., on closure methods in sternotomy, what was concluded regarding closure technique choice in large dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Overall closure-related complication rate was 14.1%, lower than previously reported (17–78%).
- No clinically meaningful difference in complication rate between orthopedic wire (17.4%) and suture (11.5%) closure methods.
- Dog size (≥20 kg) was the only significant risk factor associated with increased closure-related complications (p = .01).
- Type of closure (wire vs. suture) did not affect risk, even in larger dogs.
- Suture closure showed a non-significant trend toward fewer complications (mean reduction 2.3%, 95% CI: –9.1% to +4.5%).
- Most complications were mild (62%), with only 10 severe cases requiring surgical revision.
- Infection rate was low (2.7%), and not significantly different between wire and suture.
- Suture closure is a valid alternative to wire, including in large dogs, based on this large, multi-institutional study.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2022
Comparison of median sternotomy closure‐related complication rates using orthopedic wire or suture in dogs: A multi-institutional observational treatment effect analysis
2022-6-VS-pilot-5
In Espinel Rupérez 2023 et al., in Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats, what was the median total surgical time for AA-HTS?
🔍 Key Findings
- 14 joints from 7 cat cadavers underwent AA-HTS successfully.
- Median surgical time: 46.5 min (29–144), including 7 min for arthroscopy and 40 min for toggle placement.
- Intraoperative complications in 5/14 joints: 4 related to femoral tunnel creation, 1 toggle lodging.
- Toggle passage through femoral tunnel was the most challenging step, mildly difficult in 6 joints.
- Cartilage injury occurred in 10 joints, but all were minor (<10% of cartilage area).
- 13 deviations from planned technique were identified (8 major, 5 minor), all involving femoral tunnel placement.
- No neurovascular, intrapelvic, or major periarticular injuries occurred.
- Authors conclude: AA-HTS is feasible in cats, but associated with high rates of minor iatrogenic cartilage damage, intra-op complications, and technique deviations.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats: An ex vivo feasibility study
2023-7-VS-espinel-5
In Banks 2024 et al., on CCWO outcomes, what was the **median postoperative TPA** in small dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Oxley's modified CCWO did not achieve the target TPA of 5° in most cases, even with planning.
- Mean planned TPA was 7.6°, higher than target, and consistent across dog sizes.
- Postoperative TPAs were significantly higher in small dogs (median 7°) than in large dogs (median 4.5°).
- Distalization >7.5 mm of the osteotomy from the patellar tendon led to increased under-correction of TPA.
- Only dogs with preoperative TPA >35° achieved post-planning TPAs close to the 5° target.
- Postoperative osteotomy positions were generally more distal than recommended (8.6 mm median).
- Virtual plate fit was appropriate for all dogs at 5 mm or 7.5 mm positions, suggesting no need for excessive distalization.
- Excessive correction leading to negative TPAs occurred in some cases, risking caudal cruciate ligament strain.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
A mismatch of planning and achieved tibial plateau angle in cranial closing wedge surgery: An in silico and clinical evaluation of 100 cases
2024-8-VS-banks-4
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