Your Custom Quiz
In Galliano 2022 et al., on vascular access ports, which factor did **not** correlate with the development of complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- SVAPs placed in axillary (aSVAP) or femoral/external iliac veins (fSVAP) during limb amputation remained functional in 92.3% and 100% of cases, respectively.
- Complication rates were lower in aSVAP (23.1%) and fSVAP (0%) compared to jSVAP (47.4%), although not statistically significant (P = .12).
- No catastrophic complications occurred with aSVAP or fSVAP; 2 deaths occurred with jSVAP due to port-related issues.
- Infection-related port removal was needed in 1 aSVAP (7.7%) and 2 jSVAPs (10.5%) — no removals were required in fSVAPs.
- Tip placement of the catheter (e.g., right atrium vs. vena cava) did not correlate with complications (P = .66).
- Shorter surgical time likely with aSVAP/fSVAP as they use the same surgical field as the limb amputation.
- Survival time median was similar across groups (jSVAP: 177 days, aSVAP: 125 days, fSVAP: 122 days).
- SVAP implantation during limb amputation offers a practical and safe alternative to separate jugular placement.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Subcutaneous vascular access port implantation in the axillary or femoral/external iliac vein at the time of full limb amputation in dogs
2022-7-VS-galliano-4
In Vandekerckhove 2024 et al., which factor **did not** significantly affect LImax?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Used VMBDmD to quantify hip laxity under increasing force in cadaveric dogs (n=34).
- 90% of hips reached ≥90% of LImax at 95.32 N, defining this force as sufficient for subluxation.
- LImax was not significantly influenced by osteoarthritis, weight, sex, or limb side.
- Position of device (lever length) influenced rate of laxity acquisition, not final LImax.
- LI curves were repeatable across 5 sessions, indicating elastic—not plastic—deformation.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Quantifying the Stress in Stress Radiographs to Determine Sufficient Laxity of the Coxofemoral Joint
2024-1-VCOT-vandekerckhove-2
In Carrera 2024 et al., what was the observed long-term effect on aLDFA and tibial torsion at 1-year postoperatively?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 5 juvenile dogs (mean age 7.2 months) with grade III–IV MPL were treated surgically.
- Most had femoral varus + external tibial torsion; some had shallow trochlear grooves.
- Distal femoral osteotomy was performed in 4/5 dogs; Tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) in 3/5; Sulcoplasty in 2/5.
- Mean time to weight bearing: 9.8 ± 5.5 days; healing: 55 ± 24 days
- No reluxations, and final radiographic values for aLDFA and torsion were maintained at 1 year.
- One complication due to domestic trauma, not surgical failure.
- Early surgery appeared to preserve alignment and prevent deformity progression.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Early Surgical Management of Medial Patellar Luxation in Juvenile Dogs
2024-2-VCOT-carrera-4
In Wylie 2025 et al., on femoral implant accuracy, what was the overall effect of internal brace augmentation on pivot shift grades at 6 weeks?
🔍 Key Findings
- Accurate femoral isometric placement was achieved in 63% of cases, significantly more with SwiveLock (78.6%) than FASTak (38.9%).
- Inaccurate placement was associated with increased internal tibial rotation at follow-up (p = .009), suggesting potential implant failure.
- Pivot shift grade improved in 90.9% of stifles postoperatively, regardless of implant positioning accuracy.
- SwiveLock implants had a faster learning curve and higher placement accuracy than FASTak.
- Higher patient weight was linked to more accurate implant placement (p = .012), likely due to easier anatomical landmark identification.
- No correlation found between implant type or positioning accuracy and final pivot shift grade at 6 weeks.
- Minor and major complications were low and not significantly different between implant types.
- A simplified 2-grade pivot shift system was proposed for clinical use (Grade 1: glide, Grade 2: clunk), aiding intraoperative decision-making.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Evaluation of femoral isometric placement accuracy of internal brace implants and its impact on stifle stability in the management of pivot shift phenomenon following TPLO
2025-7-VS-wylie-3
In Longo 2022 et al., on CT-guided osteotomies, what clinical outcome was observed in 94% of dogs after femoral and/or tibial detorsional osteotomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D CT volume rendering and CAL measurement successfully guided correction of femoral and tibial torsion in dogs with patellar luxation (PL).
- Physiological patellar tracking was restored in 100% (22/22) of cases after detorsional osteotomy.
- 94% of dogs (17/18) had either full or acceptable functional outcomes post-surgery.
- CAL-based correction was accurate in 19/22 cases, confirming reliability of the measurement technique.
- Complication rate was 45%, with major complications in 2/22 cases—both involved combined femoral and tibial osteotomies.
- Combined femoral and tibial osteotomies in the same limb were linked to a higher risk of complications and poorer outcomes.
- Diaphyseal osteotomies offered more implant space, but metaphyseal locations were associated with faster bone healing.
- Use of a TPLO jig or goniometer was not essential—CAL-based bone marking was sufficient in most cases.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Three‐dimensional volume rendering planning, surgical treatment, and clinical outcomes for femoral and tibial detorsional osteotomies in dogs
2022-7-VS-longo-5
In Raleigh 2022 et al., on pericardiectomy complications, which surgical tool was most frequently associated with the onset of ventricular fibrillation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred in 3% of pericardiectomy cases across reporting institutions.
- 14 of 16 dogs (88%) that developed intraoperative VF died, indicating high mortality.
- Electrosurgical devices were used in 15/16 dogs; VF onset coincided with their use in 8 dogs, suggesting a potential but unproven association.
- Preoperative arrhythmias were seen in 7 dogs (e.g., VPCs, VT, bradycardia), possibly serving as early warning signs.
- Thoracoscopic approach was used in 75% of cases; however, conversion to open surgery was required in 9/13 thoracoscopic procedures after VF onset.
- Defibrillation was attempted in 13 dogs, but only 3 converted to sinus rhythm, and only 2 survived postoperatively.
- VF may result from stray current or cardiac manipulation; bipolar energy devices were implicated despite lower theoretical risk.
- Preventative strategies include judicious electrosurgery use, close ECG monitoring, rapid CPR preparedness, and preop cardiac risk assessment.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
The development of ventricular fibrillation as a complication of pericardiectomy in 16 dogs
2022-4-VS-raleigh-3
In Hanlon 2022 et al., on short screw sacroiliac fixation, what was the mechanical advantage of using two short screws versus one long screw?
🔍 Key Findings
- Two short screws (SLS or SPS) provided >2× peak load, yield load, and stiffness vs a single long screw (LLS) for SI joint stabilization.
- No mechanical advantage was seen between the two short screw types (lag vs positional).
- All short screws terminated lateral to the spinal canal, avoiding spinal impingement.
- Ventral sacral foraminal impingement occurred in 3 short-screw cases (1 SPS, 2 SLS), all involving the caudal screw.
- LLS group showed more abaxial displacement at osteotomy sites, suggesting inferior stabilization for concurrent pelvic fractures.
- Short screw constructs had longer total screw length (48 mm) than LLS (40 mm), contributing to increased stiffness.
- Positioning of caudal screw in a cranial/craniodorsal trajectory may help avoid nerve foraminal injury.
- No significant difference in displacement at peak load among groups; stiffness and load capacity were the primary benefits.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Mechanical evaluation of canine sacroiliac joint stabilization using two short screws
2022-7-VS-hanlon-1
In Rocheleau 2023 et al., on shoulder stabilization, what was the overall targeting accuracy of the intra-articular aiming device (IAD) during shoulder stabilization?
🔍 Key Findings
- Arthroscopically assisted stabilization with an IAD was feasible in cadaveric canine shoulders using both bone anchor and suture-toggle techniques.
- Suture-toggle repair was successfully performed in all specimens, while bone anchors could not be deployed in 3/10 shoulders, indicating lower feasibility.
- Median surgical time was shorter for the suture-toggle group (25.5 min) compared to the anchor group (37.3 min).
- Postoperative abduction angles returned to baseline in the anchor group, while the suture-toggle group had slightly reduced angles, suggesting possible overtightening.
- Violation of the articular surface occurred in 2 anchor specimens and 1 suture-toggle specimen, but none were considered likely to be clinically significant.
- Overall targeting accuracy using the IAD was 88%, supporting its utility in guiding tunnel/anchor placement.
- CT measurements showed acceptable bone stock and insertion angles, but anchor insertion angles were lower than optimal for mechanical pullout strength.
- Suture-toggle technique was considered simpler and more consistent, with fewer complications and faster execution than anchor placement.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2023
Ex vivo evaluation of arthroscopically assisted shoulder stabilization in dogs using an intra-articular aiming device
2023-4-VS-rocheleau-2
In Eskelinen 2025 et al., on Plate–Pin fixation for MPL, what was the authors’ recommendation regarding the number of screws for TT fixation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Plate–Pin TTT fixation resolved MPL in 64/65 stifles with low recurrence (1.5%) and good lameness outcomes postoperatively.
- Complication rate was 21.5% (14/65 stifles), mostly minor (57%); major issues included pin migration, fracture, or capsular failure.
- Pin-related issues accounted for 8 of 20 total complications, highlighting implant refinement is needed.
- No avulsions, TT fixation failures, or luxation recurrence occurred in cases where surgical technique was followed precisely.
- Surgical deviations increased complication risk 11.3× (p < 0.05), suggesting adherence to protocol is critical.
- Single-session bilateral MPL surgery had comparable complication rate (3/20) to unilateral surgery (11/45).
- Screw breakage occurred in 3 cases, suggesting at least 3 screws may be needed for secure TT fixation.
- Authors suggest temporary pin fixation and later removal may reduce complications, though prospective studies are needed.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
4
2025
Outcome and Complications Following Medial Patellar Luxation Corrective Surgery with Tibial Tuberosity Transposition Using a Locking Plate and a Pin Fixation: 45 Unilateral and 20 Single-Session Bilateral Procedures
2025-4-VCOT-eskelinen-5
In Cruciani 2025 et al., on portal placement, what functional outcome was observed in most dogs at long-term follow-up?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study Design: Retrospective case series of 15 dogs (19 tarsi) with talar OCD.
- Technique: Modified arthroscopic approach with both scope and instrument portals on the same side as the lesion.
- Outcomes:
- Good to excellent mid-to-long-term outcomes in 11/14 dogs.
- Statistically significant improvement in CBPI (p < .05) and VAS scores (p < .05).
- Minor postoperative complications (synovial cysts) in 4/13 tarsi, all resolved spontaneously.
- No major intraoperative complications; 1/19 required mini-arthrotomy due to fragment size.
- Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD): Progression noted in 10/14 cases, despite good functional outcomes.
- Fragment Characteristics: Multiple osteochondral fragments were present in most cases, with 17/19 lesions on the medial talar ridge.
- Technical Advantage: Lower conversion rate to arthrotomy (1/19) compared to previous studies (Gielen et al. and Miller & Beale).
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
A modified approach to portal placement for arthroscopic management of osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the tarsocrural joint in 15 dogs (19 tarsi)
2025-1-VS-cruciani-2
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Key Findings