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Danielski et al: Impact of intramedullary pinning and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 on postoperative complications after proximal ulnar osteotomy in dogs
Veterinary Surgery 6, 2025

🔍 Key Findings

  • Combined intramedullary (IM) pin and rhBMP-2 use resulted in a low complication rate (7.4%) after proximal ulnar osteotomy (PUO).
  • Major complications occurred in 5.3% of cases (4 infections, 1 pin breakage with ulnar tilt requiring revision).
  • Minor complications occurred in 2.1% of cases (seroma, delayed union).
  • No cases of non-union were observed; 98.9% of limbs achieved radiographic healing by 6 weeks.
  • IM pin breakage was noted in 11.8% of limbs but did not affect healing outcomes.
  • Chondrodystrophic breeds made up 64.8% of the cohort and tolerated the procedure well.
  • Compared to prior studies, complication rates were substantially reduced with this technique (prior major: 13.9%; this study: 5.3%).
  • The use of rhBMP-2 likely enhanced early bone healing and provided biologic support, particularly important in breeds at higher risk of complications.

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← Articles

Danielski et al: Impact of intramedullary pinning and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 on postoperative complications after proximal ulnar osteotomy in dogs
Veterinary Surgery 6, 2025

🔍 Key Findings

  • Combined intramedullary (IM) pin and rhBMP-2 use resulted in a low complication rate (7.4%) after proximal ulnar osteotomy (PUO).
  • Major complications occurred in 5.3% of cases (4 infections, 1 pin breakage with ulnar tilt requiring revision).
  • Minor complications occurred in 2.1% of cases (seroma, delayed union).
  • No cases of non-union were observed; 98.9% of limbs achieved radiographic healing by 6 weeks.
  • IM pin breakage was noted in 11.8% of limbs but did not affect healing outcomes.
  • Chondrodystrophic breeds made up 64.8% of the cohort and tolerated the procedure well.
  • Compared to prior studies, complication rates were substantially reduced with this technique (prior major: 13.9%; this study: 5.3%).
  • The use of rhBMP-2 likely enhanced early bone healing and provided biologic support, particularly important in breeds at higher risk of complications.

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Danielski 2025 et al., on PUO complication reduction, how did **IM pin breakage** affect clinical outcomes?

A. It resulted in revision surgery in all cases
B. It caused persistent instability in 50%
C. It was associated with osteotomy failure
D. It had no effect on bone healing
E. It led to implant removal in 10%

Answer: It had no effect on bone healing

Explanation: Although breakage occurred in 11.8% of cases, no healing delays were observed.
In Danielski 2025 et al., on PUO complication reduction, which statement best describes the **healing outcome**?

A. Delayed union occurred in over 10% of limbs
B. Non-union occurred in 5% of cases
C. All dogs required extended follow-up
D. 98.9% of limbs achieved healing by 6 weeks
E. Only 50% of cases showed radiographic healing

Answer: 98.9% of limbs achieved healing by 6 weeks

Explanation: Radiographic healing was confirmed in 92/93 limbs, with only one delayed case.
In Danielski 2025 et al., on PUO complication reduction, what was the study's implication for **chondrodystrophic breeds**?

A. They should avoid PUO due to risk
B. They required higher rhBMP-2 dosing
C. They were excluded from the study
D. They had worse healing outcomes
E. They tolerated the technique well

Answer: They tolerated the technique well

Explanation: Despite being 64.8% of the cohort, these breeds showed excellent outcomes.
In Danielski 2025 et al., on PUO complication reduction, what was the **most common major complication** observed?

A. Screw loosening
B. Implant migration
C. Surgical site infection
D. Delayed union
E. Osteotomy non-union

Answer: Surgical site infection

Explanation: Site infections accounted for 4 of 5 major complications (5.3%) in the study.
In Danielski 2025 et al., on PUO complication reduction, what was the **overall complication rate** reported with IM pin and rhBMP-2 use?

A. 24%
B. 18.6%
C. 13.9%
D. 7.4%
E. 2.1%

Answer: 7.4%

Explanation: The total complication rate was 7.4%, significantly lower than in prior studies.

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