In Papacella-Beugger 2024 et al., which anatomical limitation required a custom reference array?
A. Shallow spinous processes in large dogs
B. Excessive fat in the surgical site
C. Small spinous processes in miniature breeds
D. Interference from muscle bulk
E. Absence of vertebral laminae
Answer: Small spinous processes in miniature breeds
Explanation: Human trackers were too large for miniature dogs; a 3D-printed lightweight array was used instead:contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
In Papacella-Beugger 2024 et al., what was the median deviation of screw entry points?
A. 0.9 mm
B. 1.2 mm
C. 1.6 mm
D. 1.8 mm
E. 2.0 mm
Answer: 1.8 mm
Explanation: The median entry point deviation from plan was 1.8 mm (range: 0.3–3.7 mm):contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}
In Papacella-Beugger 2024 et al., what issue led to three screws being poorly positioned?
A. Inaccurate CT calibration
B. Loose plate positioning
C. Use of non-locking screws
D. Inexperience of the surgeon
E. Inadequate vertebral landmarks
Answer: Inexperience of the surgeon
Explanation: All three poorly placed screws occurred in one cadaver due to poor drill handling by the novice surgeon:contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}
In Papacella-Beugger 2024 et al., on neuronavigation, what percentage of screws were deemed appropriately placed?
A. 65%
B. 75%
C. 80%
D. 85%
E. 90%
Answer: 85%
Explanation: 85% (17/20) of screws were well-positioned using spinal neuronavigation:contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}
In Papacella-Beugger 2024 et al., what tool was essential for achieving low screw deviation?
A. Drill sleeves
B. Lateral fluoroscopy
C. Guided CT frames
D. Real-time feedback with tracked instruments
E. Freehand estimation
Answer: Real-time feedback with tracked instruments
Explanation: The neuronavigation system allowed the surgeon to drill with on-screen guidance via tracked tools:contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
