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Townsend et al: Comparison of three-dimensional printed patient-specific guides versus freehand approach for radial osteotomies in normal dogs: Ex vivo model
Veterinary Surgery 2, 2024

🔍 Key Findings:

  • Design: Ex vivo study with 24 paired limbs from normal beagle dogs.
  • Osteotomy types (3 groups):
    1. 30° uniplanar frontal wedge
    2. Oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal)
    3. Single oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal, 30° external rotation)
  • Comparison: 3D PSG vs Freehand (FH)
  • Main Outcomes:
    • PSG accuracy: Mean angular deviation = 2.8° vs 6.4° in FH (p < .001).
    • 84% of PSG osteotomies were within 5° of target vs 50% of FH.
  • Significant improvements with PSG in:
    • Group 1 (uniplanar frontal) proximal and distal frontal planes (p < .001, .006)
    • Group 3 (SOO) frontal and sagittal planes (p = .002, .043)
  • Time: PSG faster in complex SOO group (84s vs 162s, p < .001); no difference in others.
  • No difference in osteotomy location (mm) between methods.
  • Clinical relevance: PSG more consistent and accurate, especially for complex cuts.

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← Articles

Townsend et al: Comparison of three-dimensional printed patient-specific guides versus freehand approach for radial osteotomies in normal dogs: Ex vivo model
Veterinary Surgery 2, 2024

🔍 Key Findings:

  • Design: Ex vivo study with 24 paired limbs from normal beagle dogs.
  • Osteotomy types (3 groups):
    1. 30° uniplanar frontal wedge
    2. Oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal)
    3. Single oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal, 30° external rotation)
  • Comparison: 3D PSG vs Freehand (FH)
  • Main Outcomes:
    • PSG accuracy: Mean angular deviation = 2.8° vs 6.4° in FH (p < .001).
    • 84% of PSG osteotomies were within 5° of target vs 50% of FH.
  • Significant improvements with PSG in:
    • Group 1 (uniplanar frontal) proximal and distal frontal planes (p < .001, .006)
    • Group 3 (SOO) frontal and sagittal planes (p = .002, .043)
  • Time: PSG faster in complex SOO group (84s vs 162s, p < .001); no difference in others.
  • No difference in osteotomy location (mm) between methods.
  • Clinical relevance: PSG more consistent and accurate, especially for complex cuts.

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Townsend 2024 et al., on 3D osteotomy accuracy, what percentage of PSG osteotomies were within 5° of the target?

A. 50%
B. 62%
C. 74%
D. 84%
E. 92%

Answer: 84%

Explanation: 84% of PSG osteotomies were within 5° of the target, compared to 50% for freehand.
In Townsend 2024 et al., on 3D osteotomy accuracy, which of the following planes showed significant improvement with PSG in both simple and complex cuts?

A. Frontal only
B. Sagittal only
C. Frontal and sagittal
D. Transverse only
E. Rotational only

Answer: Frontal and sagittal

Explanation: Frontal plane improved in both simple and complex cuts; sagittal improved in complex cuts (Group 3).
In Townsend 2024 et al., on 3D osteotomy accuracy, which osteotomy type showed the most significant time reduction using PSG versus freehand?

A. Uniplanar frontal
B. Oblique sagittal
C. Uniplanar sagittal
D. Single oblique (SOO)
E. Neutral osteotomy

Answer: Single oblique (SOO)

Explanation: PSG reduced execution time for SOO osteotomies (84s vs 162s, p < .001).
In Townsend 2024 et al., on 3D osteotomy accuracy, what was the mean angular deviation using patient-specific guides?

A. 1.2°
B. 2.8°
C. 4.6°
D. 6.4°
E. 7.5°

Answer: 2.8°

Explanation: Mean angular deviation with PSG was 2.8°, significantly lower than 6.4° in the FH group (p < .001).
In Townsend 2024 et al., on 3D osteotomy accuracy, which metric did NOT differ significantly between PSG and freehand methods?

A. Execution time for SOO
B. Frontal plane accuracy
C. Location deviation (mm)
D. Sagittal plane accuracy
E. Overall angular deviation

Answer: Location deviation (mm)

Explanation: Osteotomy location (mm) did not differ significantly between PSG and FH methods.

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